4.levy on （) A a customer; B complaints; C a stance; D a battle; E the memory

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Bilingual education in New York City was originally viewed as a transitional program that would teach foreign-born children in their native languages until they were fluent enough in English to enter the educational mainstream. But over the last 25 years, bilingual programs at many schools have become foreign-language ghettos from which many children never escape. The need to expose foreign-born students to more English during the school day—and to move them as quickly as possible into the mainstream—was underscored this week in a pair of reports, one from Mayor Rudolph Giuliani's task force on bilingual education and one form. Schools Chancellor Harold Levy.

The push to reform. bilingual education has intensified across the country since the Silicon Valley millionaire Ron K. Unz championed a ballot initiative that ended bilingual education in California two years ago. Opponents of bilingual education want it replaced with the so-called immersion method, in which students are forced to "sink or swim" in classes taught entirely in English. Immersion has at least a chance of success in the early grades, where children are mainly being taught to read and write. But it is a recipe for failure in the upper grades, where older foreign-born students must simultaneously learn English and master complex subjects like math, science and literature.

Mayor Giuliani and Schools Chancellor Levy have wisely called for reforming special education instead of dismantling it. Both reports want to end the practice of dragooning children into the system, and call on administrators to offer parents a range of choices. Instead of automatically assigning students to bilingual classes—where they take subjects like mathematics and social studies in their native languages—parents would be allowed to choose other options, including the strategy of English as a second language, in which most instruction is offered in English. Children would be moved into the mainstream as quickly as possible, preferably within three years.

But these sensible reforms have little chance of succeeding unless the city and the state act quickly to train and recruit teachers who can perform. the needed task. Nearly 30 percent of bilingual instructors are uncertified. Some have not even mastered the languages they have been hired to teach. True reform. will require dollars, determination and a qualified teacher in every classroom.

Which word can best describe the author's attitude to the two reports frequently mentioned?

A．Supportive.

B．Negative.

C．Indifferent.

D．Objective.

A．the idea of a human marrying a robot is totally crazy.

B．deception might result in a human marrying a robot.

C．robots can be created capable of loving just as humans do.

D．it is not impossible for a human to marry a robot.

A．cutting down on expenditure on defense and intelligence

B．increasing expenditure on national defense

C．allocating more fund on environmental pollution

D．levying more tax on large businesses

People who seek a glamorous tan through sun lamps may double their risk of developing Common types of skin cancer, according to a new study that found the risk was highest for those who start at a young age.

The study, appearing in the latest issue of Journal of the US National Cancer Institute, concluded that people who use tanning devices were 1.5 to 2.5 times more likely to have common kinds of skin cancer than were people who did not use the devices. The study confirmed what doctors have long suspected-that sun lamp use increases the risk of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers, said Margaret R. Karagas, first author of the study.

Either going to the tanning parlor, or getting an infrequent sunburn can seriously damage the skin, said Dr. James Spencer, vice chairman of the department of dermatology at Mount Hospital, but the small day-to-day exposure is worse for the skin in the long run.

Joseph A. Levy, vice president of the International Smart Tan Network, however, said occasional sunburn "is a risk factor in all forms of skin cancer and intermittent sunburn is what the tanning industry is trying to stop. '

In the study, Karagas and her colleagues interviewed 603 basal cell skin cancer patients and 293 with squamous cell skin cancer. They talked to 540 control subjects who did not have either type of skin cancer.

About 1 million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer. Among those skin cancer patients, about 80 percent are with basal cell skin cancer, 16 percent, with squamous cell skin cancer and 4 percent with melanoma-the most serious form. of skin cancers. Back to the interviewed patients, 190 reported that they had used tanning devices at some time. In the control groups, only 75 had used such devices. Karagas said a statistical analysis shows that those who used tanning equipment were 2.5 times more likely to get squamous cell skin cancer than those who had not used the devices. For basal cell cancer, the risk was 1.5 times greater.

The risk was highest for those who first used the tanning devices before the age of 20, said Karagas. For this group, the squamous cell cancer risk was 3.6 times greater than that of the controls while the basal cell cancer risk was 1.3 times greater.

The passage confirms that using tanning equipment is harmful to one's health.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

Affectionate Androids

Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn. And it won"t be long before we will see realistic cyber companions， complete with skin， dexterity， and intelligence.They will be programmed to tend to your every need.

Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades. 46______

Will humans really be able to form. deep emotional attachments to machines? It will， in fact，be relatively easy to form. these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize: to give human attributes to other creatures —— even objects.

For example， researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months.47______ The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down because its batteries were fiat， the kids even covered it with a blanket.

In a few decades， when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real， will people want to form. relationships with them? What if the bots could hold a conversation? And be programmed to bethe perfect companions- soul mates， even? 48______ And like those toddlers inthe experiment， they will be very accepting of them.

The next question， then， is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine. Even today there are people who form. deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical.

49______ For those who always seem to end upmarrying the wrong man or woman， a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty tempting. As the father of artificial intelligence， Marvin Minsky， put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: "If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding， why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people?"

A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart， as independent or subservient， as an owner desired. And that"s the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form. equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect incomparison. When you"re behaving badly， a good friend will tell you.50______

People in relationships have to learn to adapt toeach other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences.It makes us richer， stronger， and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However， there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.

回答（46）题 查看材料

A.It"s easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.

B.But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.

C.And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend， Levy saidthat such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.

D.However， few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.

E.Maybe your generation could resist， but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life.

F.The bot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition， and it giggled when tickled.

Androids

Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to come. And it won"t be long before we will see realistic cyber companions， complete with skin， dexterity （ 灵敏），and intelligence. They will be programmed to tend to your every need.

Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades.

___________ （46）Will humans really be able to form. deep emotional attachments to machines? It will， in fact， be relatively easy to form. these strong attachments because the human mind loves to give human attributes to other creatures——even objects.

For example， researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months. ___________ （47） The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down because its batteries were flat， the kids even covered it with a blanket.

In a few decades， when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real， will people want to form. relationships with them? What if the bots could hold a conversation? And be programmed to be the perfect companions——soul mates， even? ___________ （48） And like those toddlers in the experiment， they will be very accepting of them.

The next question， then， is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine. Even today there are people who form. deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical （不和伦理的，不道德的 ） . ___________ （49） For those who always seem to.end up marrying the wrong man or woman， a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty tempting. As the father of artificial intelligence，Marvin Minsky， put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: "If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding， why would the elderly bother talking to other bad-tempered old people?"

A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart， as independent or subservient（服从的），as an owner desired. And that"s the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form. equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect in comparison. When you"re behaving badly， a good friend will tell you. ___________ （50） People in relationships have to learn to adapt to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences. It makes us richer， stronger， and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However， there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.

回答（46）题 查看材料

A.It"s easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.

B.But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.

C.And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend， Levy said that such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.

D.However， few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.

E.Maybe your generation could resist， but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life.

F.The robot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition.

A.Tegmark fears he may hold the record for the longest time taken to read one book.

B.In a more positive vein， this is a wonderful collection of essays to dip in and out of if you already have a good overview （概述） of current cosmic understanding.

C.Levy is an active astronomer and an accomplished writer， so you"d expect him to provide a broad and accurate picture of our current understanding of the cosmos.

D.Scientific American has attempted to cater to this need by bringing together essays that have appeared in the magazine.

E.To some extent， these could have been plugged with a glossary （词表）. of terms.

F.Also included are contributions on the world of subatomic particles， the origin of life on the Earth and the possibility of its existence elsewhere.

A.Tegmark fears he may hold the record for the longest time taken to read one book.

B.In a more positive vein， this is a wonderful collection of essays to dip in and out of if you already have a good overview （概述） of current cosmic understanding.

C.Levy is an active astronomer and an accomplished writer， so you"d expect him to provide a broad and accurate picture of our current understanding of the cosmos.

D.Scientific American has attempted to cater to this need by bringing together essays that have appeared in the magazine.

E.To some extent， these could have been plugged with a glossary （词表）. of terms.

F.Also included are contributions on the world of subatomic particles， the origin of life on the Earth and the possibility of its existence elsewhere.

A.Tegmark fears he may hold the record for the longest time taken to read one book.

B.In a more positive vein， this is a wonderful collection of essays to dip in and out of if you already have a good overview （概述） of current cosmic understanding.

C.Levy is an active astronomer and an accomplished writer， so you"d expect him to provide a broad and accurate picture of our current understanding of the cosmos.

D.Scientific American has attempted to cater to this need by bringing together essays that have appeared in the magazine.

E.To some extent， these could have been plugged with a glossary （词表）. of terms.

F.Also included are contributions on the world of subatomic particles， the origin of life on the Earth and the possibility of its existence elsewhere.

A.Tegmark fears he may hold the record for the longest time taken to read one book.

B.In a more positive vein， this is a wonderful collection of essays to dip in and out of if you already have a good overview （概述） of current cosmic understanding.

C.Levy is an active astronomer and an accomplished writer， so you"d expect him to provide a broad and accurate picture of our current understanding of the cosmos.

D.Scientific American has attempted to cater to this need by bringing together essays that have appeared in the magazine.

E.To some extent， these could have been plugged with a glossary （词表）. of terms.

F.Also included are contributions on the world of subatomic particles， the origin of life on the Earth and the possibility of its existence elsewhere.