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根据以下材料，回答题Affectionate AndroidsComputers are now powerful enough to allow the age

根据以下材料，回答题

Affectionate Androids

Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn. And it won"t be long before we will see realistic cyber companions， complete with skin， dexterity， and intelligence.They will be programmed to tend to your every need.

Will we ever want to marry robots？ Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades. 46______

Will humans really be able to form. deep emotional attachments to machines？ It will， in fact，be relatively easy to form. these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize: to give human attributes to other creatures —— even objects.

For example， researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months.47______ The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down because its batteries were fiat， the kids even covered it with a blanket.

In a few decades， when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real， will people want to form. relationships with them？ What if the bots could hold a conversation？ And be programmed to bethe perfect companions- soul mates， even？ 48______ And like those toddlers inthe experiment， they will be very accepting of them.

The next question， then， is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine. Even today there are people who form. deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical.

49______ For those who always seem to end upmarrying the wrong man or woman， a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty tempting. As the father of artificial intelligence， Marvin Minsky， put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: "If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding， why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people？"

A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart， as independent or subservient， as an owner desired. And that"s the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form. equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect incomparison. When you"re behaving badly， a good friend will tell you.50______

People in relationships have to learn to adapt toeach other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences.It makes us richer， stronger， and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However， there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.

回答（46）题 查看材料

A.It"s easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.

B.But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.

C.And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend， Levy saidthat such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.

D.However， few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.

E.Maybe your generation could resist， but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life.

F.The bot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition， and it giggled when tickled.

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更多“根据以下材料，回答题Affectionate Android…”相关的问题

第1题

What is the main thesis of the article? 查看材料A.Volca

What is the main thesis of the article? 查看材料

A.Volcanic eruptions are not always deadly.

B.Older volcanic eruptions were more destructive.

C.Carbon dioxide emissions often give rise to global warming.

D.It is not easy to calculate the killing power of a volcanic eruption.

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第2题

What can be inferred from paragraph 3 concerning dinosaurs?

查看材料

A.They were killed off by an asteroid.

B.They died of drastic climate change.

C.They were wiped offby a volcanic eruption.

D.The cause of their extinction has remained a controversial issue.

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第3题

When did dinosaurs become extinct? 查看材料A.300 millio

When did dinosaurs become extinct? 查看材料

A.300 million years ago.

B.250 million years ago.

C.60 million years ago.

D.65 million years ago.

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第4题

How did Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions?

查看材料

A.By estimating how long they lasted.

B.By counting the dinosaurs they killed.

C.By studying the chemical composition of lava.

D.By comparing the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava produced.

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第5题

根据以下材料，回答题Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient hist

根据以下材料，回答题

Older Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history， not because they were bigger， but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.

Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals， but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise， the older the massive volcanic eruptions were， the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that for size， older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.

The Permian extinction， for example， which happened 250 million years ago， is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatones of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time， and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago， there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all，" Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago， because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.

Vincent Courtillot， director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France， says that Wignall"s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced， and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.

Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones? 查看材料

A.Because they killed off life more easily.

B.Because they were brighter.

C.Because they were larger.

D.Because they were hotter.

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第6题

Which is NOT true of the baby? 查看材料A.She was born o

Which is NOT true of the baby? 查看材料

A.She was born of a dead mother.

B.She was two months premature.

C.She weighed about a kilogram.

D.She was healthy.

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第7题

The pregnancy was stopped because __________. 查看材料A

The pregnancy was stopped because __________. 查看材料

A.the foetus was found seriously ill

B.the risks outweighed the benefits

C.there was no hope to rescue the foetus

D.the Tortes family couldn"t afford the expenses any more

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第8题

根据以下材料，回答题Brain-dead Mother Dies after Giving BirthA brain-dead woman who was kep

根据以下材料，回答题

Brain-dead Mother Dies after Giving Birth

A brain-dead woman who was kept alive for three months so she could deliver the child she was carrying was removed from life support on Wednesday and died， a day after giving birth.

"This is obviously a bittersweet time for our family，" Justin Torres， the woman"s brother-in-law， said in a statement.

Susan Tortes， a cancer-stricken， 26-year-old researcher at the National Institutes of Health， suffered a stroke in May after the melanoma （ 黑瘤 ） spread to her brain.

Her family decided to keep her alive to give her foetus （胎儿） a chance. It became a race between the foetus" development and the cancer that was destroying the woman"s body.

Doctors said that Torres" health was getting worse and that the risk of harm to the foetus finally outweighed the benefits of extending the pregnancy.

Torres gave birth to a daughter by Caesarean section （剖腹产手术） on Tuesday at Virginia Hospital Center. The baby was two months premature and weighed about a kilogram. She was in the newborn intensive care unit.

Dr Donna Tilden-Archer， the hospital"s director of neonatology （新生儿学） ， described the child as "very vigorous." She said the baby had responded when she received stimulation，indicating she was healthy.

Doctors removed Torres from life support early Wednesday with the consent of her husband，Jason Tortes， after she received the final sacrament （ 圣礼） of the Roman Catholic Church.

"We thank all of those who prayed and provided support for Susan， the baby and our family，"Jason Torres said in a statement. "We especially thank God for giving us little Susan. My wife"s courage will never be forgotten."

English-language medical literature contains at least 11 cases since 1979 of irreversibly brain-damaged women whose lives were prolonged for the benefit of the developing foetus，according to the University of Connecticut Health Center.

Dr Christopher McManus， who coordinated care l"or Susan Torres， put the infant"s chances of developing cancer at less than 25 per cent. He said 19 women who have had the same aggressive form. of melanoma as Tortes have given birth， and five of their babies became ill with the disease.

Susan Torres died soon after__________. 查看材料

A.she suffered a stroke

B.she became brain-dead

C.she was diagnosed with cancer

D.she gave birth to a baby

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第9题

根据以下材料，回答题Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st CenturyA group of aging ex

根据以下材料，回答题

Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st Century

A group of aging experts from the United States and the United Kingdom suggest that the best strategy for preventing and fighting a multitude of diseases is to focus on slowing the biological processes of aging.

"The traditional medical approach of attacking individual diseases- cancer， diabetes， heart disease， Alzheimer"s disease （ 早老性痴呆病 ） and Parkinson"s disease （ 帕金森氏病 ） –will soon become less effective if we do not determine how all of these diseases either interact or share common mechanisms with aging，" says S. Jay Olshansky， professor of epidemiology at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health and senior author of the commentary.

Middle-aged and older people are most often impacted by simultaneous but independent medical conditions. A cure for any of the major fatal diseases would have only a marginal impact on life expectancy （预期寿命） and the length of healthy life， Olshansky said.

The authors suggest that a new paradigm （模式） of health promotion and disease prevention could produce unprecedented social， economic and health dividends for current and future generations if the aging population is provided with extended years of healthy life.

They note that all living things， including humans， possess biochemical mechanisms that influence how quickly we age and， through dietary （饮食的） intervention or genetic alteration， it is possible to extend lifespan to postpone aging-related processes and diseases.

Further research in laboratory models is expected to provide clues to and deeper understanding of how existing interventions， such as exercise and good nutrition， may lead to life-long well-being.

The authors also propose greatly increased funding for basic research into the "fundamental cellular （细胞的 ） and physiological changes that drive aging itself".

"We believe that the potential benefits of slowing aghag processes have been underrecognized by most of the scientific community，" said Olshansky. "We call on the health research decision-makers to allocate substantial resources to support and develop practical interventions that slow aging in people."

An increase in age-related diseases and escalating health care costs make this the time for a"systematic attack on aging itself"， the authors write.

Olshansky and colleagues contend that modem medicine is already heavily invested in efforts to extend life， and they argue that a fresh emphasis on aging has the potential to improve health and quality of life far more efficiently than is currently possible.

The experts believe the traditional approach of attacking individual diseases __________. 查看材料

A.is the best strategy for fighting diseases

B.focuses on slowing aging processes

C.has gone out of date

D.needs to be improved

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第10题

Paragraph 5 __________ 查看材料A.Preparation for taking

Paragraph 5 __________ 查看材料

A.Preparation for taking a citizenship test

B.Citizenship tests in European countries

C.Importance of promoting integration

D.Necessity to know the branches of government

E.Different views on the new citizenship test

F.Goal of the new citizenship test

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