【C4】A．unconsciousB．unawareC．unfamiliarD．unknown

【C3】

A．but

B．so

C．because

D．as

【C2】

A．operation

B．behavior

C．movement

D．development

ry smoking, study findings suggest. In this latest study, researchers at Dartmouth Medical School in Lebanon, New Hampshire found that the odds of a child smoking increased in tandem (一前一后, 紧密相连) with the number of films with smoking scenes he or she had seen. This pattern remained regardless of other smoking risk factors such as having parents or friends who smoked, poor school performance or a self-reported "rebellious" nature. Dr. James D. Sargent and his colleagues report the findings in the December 15th issue of the British Medical Journal. In response to the findings, the British Medical Association (BMA) called on the UK film industry to "stub out" on-screen smoking. "When smoking is glamorized in movies, young people are encouraged to experiment with a lethal (致命的) habit," the BMAs Dr. Vivienne Nathanson said in a statement. And an editorial accompanying the journal report made the same challenge to Hollywood. "It is time for the entertainment industry to accept responsibility for its actions and stop serving the interests of tobacco companies," writes Dr. Stanton A Glantz of the University of California, San Francisco. Sargents team based the findings on a survey of nearly 5 000 Vermont and New Hampshire students aged 9 to 15. Students were asked whether they had seen any of 50 recent movies that the researchers had screened for the number of smoking scenes. They also answered questions about environmental risk factors for smoking, their personality traits and perceptions of their parents views on smoking. The investigators found that the number of smoking instances students had seen in the movies was correlated with their odds of having tried smoking. Kids who had seen 51 to 100 smoking occurrences were 70 % more likely than those who had seen fewer to have smoked. And the odds were nearly three times greater among those who had seen 150-plus smoking scenes. According to the researchers, the effects of on-screen smoking were similar to those of having parent or sibling who smoked. "The results indicate that exposure to tobacco use in films is pervasive," Sargents team writes. "More importantly, such exposure is associated with trying smoking, which supports the hypothesis that films have a role in the initiation of smoking. " In his editorial, Glantz agrees, writing that the study "provides powerful new evidence" that smoking in movies does contribute to adolescent smoking.

The passage mainly conveys the idea that______.

A．movie stars smoking on screen may initiate children to imitate them

B．violence on screen may lead youth to form. bad behaviors

C．media play the most important role in influencing children"s beliefs and actions

D．whether on-screen smoking can lead children to smoking has not yet been proved

s, demands to be a fulfilled individual, and a good partner and a good worker, take no account of being a good parent. We havent left space for the nurturing parents expect to provide and children need. As a result, many parents in the western world just dont work. Something will have to change. With luck, people in the future will only have children if they really want them. And that should mean that parenthood is seen as a much more positive commitment than it is now, and that parents are socially supported, and admired for doing a good job. The problem is that in the last generation or so weve come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as pretty well as everything that by tradition women have done. And its just not possible. Indeed since adopting a male agenda in life is arguably only another form. of submission (男尊女卑), quite a number of highly educated and economically privileged women are now choosing to take career breaks so as to be at home with their children for longer than that insulting 18 weeks. The most welcome trend in parenting is that men are participating more and more. Even that is not free of conflict, though. Intellectually, women want men to be equal parents and do their share. But theres often a contradictory emotional sub-text because children are the last bastion (堡垒) of distaff power (女性的权利) in the family. "I want him to help me but this is my territory and being better at it is one of the few things Ive got as a female. " Having children—especially the first child—puts a bigger strain on a couples relationship than anything else they ever do. So a future of smaller families and more people choosing not to have children at all could well leave couples closer than they are today; for many, the purpose of being together would be solely to pleasure and support each other—an interesting prospect.

Many parents in the West just dont work because______.

A．they"re tired of their work

B．they have too many pressures at work

C．they want to spend more time with their children

D．they want to relax and enjoy the life

Speaker A; The film starts at 8:Its already 8: Speaker B: ______

A．Let"s try to make it.

B．Maybe it will last two hours.

C．Do you know the name of the film?

D．Let"s go to see the film. I"ve heard it"s a wonderful one.

. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself: he can move to another place and master the problems peculiar to it; he can change his occupation, perhaps after a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which cannot adapt its trade or defense requirements to meet world conditions faces economic or military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. There must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, or movement backwards, which is decay and deterioration. In this context, tradition can be a force for good or for evil. As long as it offers a guide, it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step forward and, thereby, to adapt themselves to changed circumstances. Tradition, or custom, can guide the hunter as effectively as it can influence the nervous hostess. But if we make an idol (偶像) of tradition, it ceases to become a guide and becomes an obstacle lying across the path of change and progress. If we insist on trying to plot the future by the past, we clearly handicap ourselves and invite failure. The better course is to accept the help which tradition can give, but realizing that it necessarily has its roots in the past, to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.

According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?

A．To avoid decay and deterioration, we must keep the world permanently stable.

B．The world is always changing, so we must adjust ourselves to new conditions.

C．The important point of evolution is that the world undergoes movement forward and movement backward alternately.

D．Tradition often become an obstacle lying across the path of change and progress.

ferent names in different cities across the country but they all are civilian volunteer groups that help police department in major metropolitan (大城市的) areas. In the volunteer groups, men and women are trained by local police to watch for potential trouble in their neighborhood. Spotting a suspicious looking vehicle or person can help police to fight crime in the neighborhood. Aside from keeping an eye on the neighborhood, volunteers often perform. other duties. Civilian volunteers may work at parades or other types of gatherings, freeing the police to do their main job—catching criminals. Volunteers in some cities also conduct surveys to make people aware of ways that they can protect themselves from being crime victims. Some volunteers help people to engrave identification numbers on their personal property. Such a number would make the retrieval (追回) of a stolen item easier. Other volunteers watch children who may need help going to and from school. If you are interested in becoming a part of the volunteer group in your area, contact your local police department.

The author is primarily concerned with______.

A．the different duties of police officers

B．crime in major metropolitan areas

C．civilian volunteer groups that help the police

D．how volunteer groups started

ually depends on the size of the society. In small, primitive (原始的，早期的) societies, the family is the dominant social institution in an individuals life. In larger, more complex societies, other social institutions are created to meet the needs of an individual. There are two basic family structures. The first structure is the extended family. The extended family includes all of an individuals blood relatives, including spouse, children, parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents, cousins, and aunts and uncles. The nuclear family is limited to the basic family nucleus: father, mother, and children. The extended family structure tends to exist in agricultural societies. In such societies family ties serve as a strong source of cultural and societal interaction. The nuclear family structure tends to exist in industrialized societies. In industrial societies, other social institutions (such as religion, education, and government) act as the primary sources of cultural and societal interaction.

Based on the information in the passage, it can be inferred that the extended family is most likely to be found in agricultural societies because______.

A．agricultural societies are larger than industrial societies

B．agricultural societies have fewer social institutions

C．agricultural societies are stronger than industrial societies

D．extended families are less complex than nuclear families

that it is inspiring to imagine "the school of tomorrow". Televised lesson will be given in a central building having perhaps four or five master studios. The lesson will be carried out into classrooms all over a city, or even an entire country. After a televised lesson has been given, the classroom teacher will take over for the all-important "follow-up" period. The students will ask any troublesome questions, and difficult points will be cleared up through discussion. The teacher in the classroom will have additional electronic tools. On the teachers desk, the traditional bright red apple will have been replaced by a multiple-control panel (控制板) and magnetic tape players. The tape machines will run prerecorded lessons which pupils will follow by headphones. The lesson will be specifically connected closely to the students levels of ability. For instance, while the class as a whole studies history, each student will receive an individual history lesson directed to his particular level of ability. Should questions arise, the students will be able to talk directly to the teacher on individual "intercoms" (对讲装置) without disturbing the rest of the class. In this way, the teacher will be able to conduct as many as three classes at the same time.

The closed-circuit television will probably carry lessons to______.

A．only a single classroom in the school

B．all the schools with classrooms

C．all the classrooms in the world

D．all the classrooms in a city or a country

bout human disease. First, it is necessary to know a great deal about underlying mechanisms before one can really act effectively; one had to know that the pneumococcus (肺炎球菌) causes lobar pneumonia (球形肺炎) before one could begin thinking about antibiotics. Second, for every disease there is a single key mechanism that dominates all the others. If one can find it, and think ones way around it, one can control the disorder. This generalization is harder to prove and arguable—it is more like a strong hunch (直觉) than a scientific assertion— but I believe that the record thus far tends to support it. The most complicated, multicell, multi-tissue, and multiorgan diseases I know are tertiary syphilis, chronic tuberculosis, and pernicious anemia. In each, there are at least five major organs and tissues involved, and each appears to be affected by a variety of environmental influences. Before they came under scientific appraisal, each was what we now call a "multifactorial disease. " And yet, When all the necessary facts were in it was clear that by simply switching off one thing—the spirochete, the tubercle bacillus, or a single vitamin deficiency—the whole array of disordered and seemingly unrelated pathological mechanisms could be switched off, at once.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Scientific appraisal shows that multifactorial diseases are often due in part to environmental conditions.

B．In the past half century, scientists have been able to find only a few principles that apply to all diseases.

C．Each disease has single underlying mechanism that must be understood before the disease can be cured.

D．Many diseases that were once life-threatening can now be cured by antibiotics.