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第1题
y，you should 1)describe the drawing briefly． 2)explain its intended meanin9，and then 3)give your comments． You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．(20 points)
第2题
d to complain the bad service in the hotel. Write your letter with no less than 100 xvords. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)
第4题
Part B (10 points)
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about selling your own product via the net Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbered paragraph; The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.
A. Design you web page
B. Price your product/service
C. Contact your familiar people
D. Perform. a survey
E. Market your product online
F. Find your own product
If there is one thing I have learned trying to make money online, it is this: you will succeed if you have your own unique product.
This might be your own e-book or even a tangible product that you think might sell well on the Internet. As you probably know, information is what sells best online. Do YOU have unique information or a very specific area of expertise? Even if you answer "yes", you must also ask yourself: Is there an online market for my product/service? Otherwise, you may be putting forth a lot of time, money, and effort for little gain.
Let's take these one at a time:
(41)______.
I had a hard time with this one; I was not really expert at anything. To me, an "expert" is a person who knows a subject so well that he can teach or publish a book on the subject. There are many so called "marketing gurus" on the Internet. Most of these guys were just lucky to have the foresight to see the Internet as a place where they could sell products. I wish I had started back in 1995 or 1996. You will notice that most of the "big" names in online marketing started back then. Timing is everything.
Ask yourself: what do you know better than anyone else? What can you offer online that would be of value to a specific group of customers? Can you make things with your hands or with tools? Can you write well? What did you do in the offline world? Can any of this expertise be translated to the Internet? As mentioned above, information is the best-selling online item today. It will probably remain this way for the foreseeable future.
(42)______.
Hopefully, you already have newsletter subscribers or some sort of opt-in list. If so, you can simply send a survey to each one of them. Make it very simple, just yes or no answers. Ideally, just have them be able to click on one link for "yes", and another link for "no". Try not to ask more than five questions. Keep your language simple. A lot of my newsletter subscribers are not from the United States.
If you are just starting out, you may have to find an E-zine that relates to your product or service. If you are lucky, you will get enough responses to come to a logical conclusion. You need at least 25 (this is very minimum). If you don't get at least this many, try another E-zine. Once you have all your responses together, throw out any widely divergent answers.
(43)______.
If you ask how much people would be willing to pay for your products, and most answer in the range of $50～$60, then this is a range you can trust. You must throw out the two guys willing to pay $80 and $100, as well as the three persons who would only pay $25, $30, and $35. With these five divergent opinions, I am assuming you have at least 20 persons willing to pay $50～$60 for your product/service.
(44)______.
Now it's time to think about your web page design. If you are not artistic at all, I would urge you to hire a reasonably priced web site designer. The saying "first impressions are important" is even more important on the Internet. My own sites have been very plain and unexciting, and had that "home-made" look about them. Do yourself a favor and hire a professional when you are ready.
(45)______.
Think how best to do this. It's not just search engines. Look for specific E-zines whose s
第5题
Part B (10 points)
You are going to read a text about different types of friendship, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list for each numbered subheading.
I was thinking about how everybody can't be everything to each other, but some people can be something to each other, thank God, from the ones whose shoulder you cry on to the ones whose half slips you borrow to the nameless ones you chat with in the grocery line.
(41) Buddies:
They are the workhorses of the friendship world. They are the people out there on the front lines, defending you from loneliness and boredom.
(42) Working Friend:
Then there is that special guy at work. Like all the other people at the job site al first he's just part of the scenery. But gradually he starts to stand out from the crowd.
(43) A Faraway Friend
He/she is someone you grew up with or went to school with or lived in the same town as until one of you moved away.
(44) The Former Friend:
Ah, a sad thing. At best a sad memory, at worst a dangerous enemy who is in possession of many of your deepest secrets.
(45) Friends You Love to Hate:
And lest we forget, there are the friends you love to hate.
A New Friend is a tonic unlike any other. Say you meet her at a party, in your bowling league. At a Japanese conversation class, perhaps. Wherever, whenever, there's that spark of recognition. The first time you talk, you can't believe how much you have in common. Suddenly, your life story is interesting again, your insights fresh, your opinion valued. Your various shortcomings are as yet completely invisible. It's almost like falling in love.
A. They call at inopportune times. They say stupid things. They butt in, they boss you around, they embarrass you in public. They invite themselves over. They take advantage. You've done the best you can, but they need professional help. On top of all this, they love you to death and are convinced they're your best friends on the planet.
B. They call you up, they listen to your complaints, they celebrate your successes and curse your misfortunes, and you do the same for them in return. They hold out through innumerable crises before concluding that the person you're dating is no good, and even then understand if you ignore their good counsel. They accompany you to a movie with subtitles or to see the diving pig at Aquarena Springs. They feed your cat when you are out of town and pick you up from the air port when you get back.
C. While so many family relationships are tinged with guilt and obligation, a relationship with a Relative Friend is relatively worry-free. You don't even have to hide your vices from this delightful person. When you slip out Aunt Joan's back door for a cigarette, she is already there.
D. Your friendship is cemented by jokes about coworkers and thoughtful favors around the office. Did you see Ryan's hair? "Want half of my bread." Soon you know the names of his turtles, what he did last Friday night, exactly which model CD player he wants for his birthday. His hand writing is as familiar to you as your own.
E. But what was it that drove you apart? A misunderstanding, a betrayed confidence, an un-repaid loan, an ill-conceived flirtation. A poor choice of spouse can do in a friendship just like that. Going into business together can be a serious mistake. Time, money, distance, religions: all noted friendship killers. You quit doing drugs, you're not such good friends with your dealer anymore.
F. Without them, you would never get any mail addressed in handwriting. A Faraway Friend calls late at night, invites you to her wedding, always says she is coming to visit but rarely shows up. An actual visit from a Faraway Friend is a cause for celebration and parties of all kinds. Cigarettes, Ch
第6题
oints)
农村污染问题产生的原因
在城市工业化过程中，产生了大量城市污染问题，随着越来越多的城市污染流向农村，农村一边自身产生的污染无法处理，一边却要接受城市的污染。可以说农村环境的恶化已经影响到农村人口的生存，影响到新农村的建设，已成为社会和谐建设的一大障碍。如不妥善解决农村环境问题，将会动摇三农的基础，也会阻碍发展的步伐，甚至影响中华民族生存的根基。
中国农村环境问题产生的原因可以从农村生产和生活方式、相关法规建设、农村环境投入三个角度进行探讨。
农村乡镇企业生产方式落后。乡镇企业在为农村和国家经济的发展作出巨大贡献的同时，也使农村污染变得非常突出。中国农村乡镇企业的生产方式主要有两种形式，一种是直接以自然资源作为生产投入要素，即靠山吃山，靠水吃水型生产方式，这种生产方式造成对环境资源的肆意掠夺和破坏；另一种是有一定技术和资金投入的农村非农业生产方式，但是由于规模小，无力建立相应的污染处理设施。随着产业结构调整以及菜篮子工程的建设，发展畜牧业、养殖场是农民致富的主要途径。规模化养鸡场、养鸭棚、养猪场、养牛场等迅猛发展起来，产生巨大经济效益的同时也造成了环境的污染。
中国农村农业生产方式落后。中国农业生产的特征是以家庭为单位的传统的、原始的生产经营和传统的养殖与无节制地使用化肥、农药相结合的方式。由于中国人多地少，土地资源的开发已接近极限，化肥、农药的施用成为提高土地产出水平的重要途径。大量的农药、化肥投入到农田生产中，导致了土壤板结和土地生产力的下降，而农药化肥流失又造成水体污染和农产品农药残留超标，造成对人体的危害，以致农民不敢吃自己种的粮、养的鱼。
农民的衣、食、住、行等生活习惯受传统生活方式影响较深，在日常生活中较少考虑到对环境和资源的保护。由于千百年来的习惯和农民自身对环境问题的漠视，形成了多数农民守土恋家、居住分散、布局混乱、缺乏整体规划的状况。不仅浪费了土地资源，破坏了自然环境，而且不利于公共基础设施的建设与完善。个别村户生活垃圾到处露天堆放，任其腐烂、发臭。蚊子、苍蝇到处飞，厕所随意搭建，生活污水直接排放到江河里，严重影响、破坏了农村的生态环境。靠山砍山，平原烧秸秆的“就地取材”的传统能源利用方式，造成水土流失的同时，造成二氧化碳浓度急剧升高，空气污染严重，极大地影响了人的健康，同时也威胁着交通以及输电线路的安全。
相关农村环境保护的法律体系不健全、环境执法力度不够也是农村环境持续恶化的重要原因。中国的环境保护立法，没有确切的通过法律对农民的环境权利加以确认。其他部门法中的环境保护法律规范、地方性法规和规章等虽然都涉及农业环境保护，并对农村环保事业的发展起到了一定的推动作用，但出现各个法律规范之间有相互重叠、权责不明、效力冲突的现象，法律的协调性差。各行政部门之间缺乏权力上的衔接与配合，导致农村环境保护的规范性文件执行效率低下或者执行结果“无功而返”。
此外，在城乡二元体制下，农村的环境的投入严重不足。当前国家的环保投入和政策制定都是以城市为重心的，大量资金和优惠政策被用在城市的环境保护上，农村环保成了资金和法规政策供给的盲区。三十多年来，农村从财政渠道几乎得不到污染治理和环境管理能力建设资金，也难以申请到用于专项治理的排污费。当前，村级组织对农民的号召力非常有限，很多地方出现农村公共环境无人管、管不了的现象。农村的公共基础设施建设也严重滞后于城市，与大城市建设蒸蒸日上形成鲜明对比的是农村的日益衰败落后。城市的生活污水和生活垃圾处理体系日趋完善，而农村基本上是未经任何处理就直接排放到居住地附近，直接导致农村环境污染加剧。此外，县乡环保部门的管理服务水平严重滞后，不能履行应有的职责，明知道一些企业污染严重，却视而不见，或者把一些污染企业当成罚款创收的对象，这样就使农村环境保护的法律政策流于形式。
第7题
Part B (10 points)
[A] Refuse Gimmicks
[B] Be Wary of Price Levels
[C] Say No to Useless Things
[D] Never Pay List Price
[E] Stand up to Temptations
[F] Switch — or Threaten to
[G] Don’t Buy on Impulse
In recent years the basic market principles of competition and choice have expanded into new aspects of American life. Consumers now face a bewildering array of options for air travel, phone service, medical care, even postal service. Car buyers can shop on the Internet for the best price at any dealership in their area. In some parts of the country, homeowners can purchase electricity from a menu of companies. All this choice translates into unprecedented consumer power.
One of the persistent myths of capitalist culture is that business people love competition. They don’t. They spend their waking hours plotting ways to avoid it, and keep prices high. These days they use information technologies that give them intricate data on individual shoppers, and then present multiple prices to get each consumer to cough up the maximum he is willing to pay. The airlines have mastered this game, offering many levels of fares.
So how can you make the most of your new power as a consumer? Here are rules to help you find your way.
41.______
In the New Economy, competition is so strong that fewer stores and services are immune to price pressure, so sharpen your bargaining skills. Ask retailers to match prices you’ve seen on the Internet. Ask at the checkout counter if there are any coupons or discounts you can use. Ask hotel clerks if there are better rates available. You’ll be surprised how often the answer is yes.
42.______
As competition heats up and pushes prices down, businesses scramble to boost their profits by heaping on extras: rust proofing your car, service contracts on your appliance, prepaid gasoline for your rental car. These stunts are devised to make you pay more at the last minute and probably aren’t a good deal.
43.______
The information highway is a two-way street. As a consumer, you can get more data. But while you are roaming the Web, businesses are studying your habits and vulnerabilities.
Have a weakness for chocolates? Don’t be surprised if Amazon. Com offers to sell you a box while you’re browsing for books. They’re using a wrinkle on the last-minute marketing pitch perfected by McDonald’s: “Would you like fries with that?” The ploy works remarkably well.
44.______
Versioning is a tactic used by businesses to separate status-conscious consumers from the bargain-hungry ones — since the former mean bigger profit margins. “Deluxe” and “platinum” are code words used to entice status seekers to open their wallets.
Add a third price level and the purses of even bargain-hungry shoppers can be pried open. Research shows that many consumers who might pick the lower-priced option when given just two choices will choose the medium-priced alternative if given three. “Consumers try to avoid extreme options,” write Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian in their book Information Rules.
Consumers in .the New Economy face more demands on their time and attention than ever before, so they’re inclined to make the most familiar choice. Consider this: it had been a decade and a half since the breakup of AT＆T, yet it is still by far the largest long-distance provider — even while other phone companies offer $ 50 worth of free service for switching. More than ever, it pays to change services and brands.
If you don’t want the hassles of switching remember that businesses are eager to hang on to consumers. The next time you get a tempting offer from a credit-card issuer or a phone company, call your current provider and ask them to match t
第8题
pect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
第9题
asoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
第10题
tronic social security card on Sunday to a woman surnamed Liu from Qingdao, Shandong.
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