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如今,计算机在社会上起着重要的作用。它们明显地改变了我们工作、学习和购物的方式。但是,尽管计算
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第1题
ace on your Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
My Idea of professional Ethics for a Scientist
第2题
of, and the nature and extent of one's interest therein. In law, the word real, as it relates to property, means land as distinguished from personal property; and estate is defined as the interest one has in property.
Real estate may be acquired, owned, and conveyed (or transferred) by individuals; business corporations; charitable, religious, educational, fraternal, and various other nonprofit corporations; fiduciaries, such as trustees and executors; partnerships; and generally by any legal entity as determined and defined by the laws of the various states of the US Limitations are established in connection with sales of real estate by minors, incompetents, and certain types of corporations, and generally in cases involving some form. of legal disability or lack of capacity.
(82) In such instances, it is necessary in some jurisdictions to make application to the courts for permission to sell, in other jurisdictions such transfers are governed by statute.
(83) Real property is generally acquired by purchase, by descent and devise, or by gift. When acquired by purchase, a deed is given by the seller, or grantor, to the purchaser, or grantee.
The deed contains a legal description of the property conveyed. It must be drawn, executed, and acknowledged in proper form. to be entitled to record. (84)It is customary for the seller and the purchaser to enter into a contract, at which time the purchaser makes a deposit on account of the purchase price.
(85) The purchaser engages an attorney or a title company to search the title to the property. The title company ensures that the seller can convey clear title, the transaction is then closed.
(81)
第3题
that floods left--all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
第4题
fe. He was fascinated by his father's profession, and it became a baseline for his later understanding of the dramatic changes, not always good ones in his opinion, in the practice of medicine in the twentieth century. He entered Princeton at 15 where he was an average student, but he developed an interest in poetry and literary humor, writing much "good bad verse," as he described it, for the Princeton Tiger, which showed primarily his sense of humor about undergraduate life but no particular interest in the natural world.
He was admitted to Harvard Medical School in 1933, at the time when medicine was changing dramatically into a clinical science and antibiotics would soon be developed. During his internship at Boston City Hospital he supported himself by donating blood and publishing a dozen poems in the Atlantic Monthly, Harper's Bazaar, and the Saturday Evening Post.【71】He completed a residency in neurology at the Columbia Presbyterian Medieal Center and married Beryl Dawson, whom he later called his editorial collaborator, in 1941.
He began his medical career as research fellow in neurology at the Thorndike Memorial Laboratories. He was called for service in 1942 with the Naval Reserve as a medical researcher assigned to the Pacific.【72】His developing interest in immunological defense mechanisms became the base of his later research; he would later write a long essay on it, "On Disease," in The Medusa and the Snail.
In 1948 Thomas went to Tulane University as a researcher in microbiology and immunology. He was noted for his creativity and ability to generate original hypotheses.【73】He became head of the pathology department at New York University Medical School in 1954, where over the next fifteen years he helped transform. immunology into a clinical science and built unusually collaborative and interdisciplinary research teams. He would also chair the Department of Medicine at Bellevue Hospital.【74】However, he never abandoned his clinical and research concerns, and moved to Yale in 1969 to continue research in the pathogenesis of mycoplasma diseases.
In 1971, while Thomas was chairman of the Department of Pathology at the Yale Medical School, his friend Dr. Franz Ingelfinger, the editor Of the New England Journal of Medicine, asked him to write a monthly essay, called "Notes of a Biology Watcher." Each essay would be about 1,000 words, firing a page of the Journal; there would be no pay, but there would also be no editing of his work.【75】
A. Lewis Thomas died in 1993 after a life of remarkable accomplishment.
B. After the war he went to Johns Hopkins to practice pediatrics and conduct research on rheumatic fever.
C. He became Dean of the NYU School of Medicine, beginning an administrative career.
D. Most of these lyrical poems were about medical experiences, death, and war.
E. In 1950 he joined the University of Minnesota to continue his research on rheumatic fever.
F. That was a deal that Thomas said he could not resist.
(71)
第5题
Title: Is Knowledge Always Power?
Time limit: 40 minutes
Word limit: no less than 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and you should start with the given opening sentence: "Knowledge is a two-edged sword' advantage and disadvantage."
Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Outline
(1) Knowledge needs to be used properly.
(2) How to prevent scientific mess
(3) Your views on this topic
第6题
urrently available to address it. By the end of the century, experts predict, one species will be lost every hour. Faced with shrinking budgets and accelerating extinction rates, environmental managers agonize over which species to save. (1) Different criteria for placing value on species--ecological, economic, aesthetic, cultural--compete with one another, and controversy abounds. One proposal for sidestepping direct debates about the value of species is to adopt a system of triage, which takes its name from the French policy of sorting wartime casualties into three categories for medical treatment: those with superficial wounds that do not require immediate attention; those with wounds too serious to make treatment efficacious; and those in the middle range, having serious but treatable wounds.
Once the issue is formulated in this manner, it seems obvious that efforts toward species preservation are best concentrated in the third category. (2)Scarce funds and energies should be targeted at saving those species that are both in need of saving and susceptible to being saved. But the most arresting formulation of an issue is not always the most illuminating one; (3) it will be useful to stand back from the triage formulation (三级分类法), which casts the problem of setting priorities as one of sorting species into categories, and ask whether there are other, more fruitful ways to look at the problem.
The endangered species problem is not a single problem. It is more accurately seen as four closely related problems: what should be done when a species' population becomes so depleted as to threaten its continued existence; (4) what should be done to keep relatively healthy populations from declining and thereby falling into the threatened category; how to avert, or at least slow, the predicted and potentially cataclysmic reduction of biological diversity over the next few decades; and how to slow the trend toward conversion of natural systems to intense human use?
In the triage formulation the priorities problem is most naturally associated with the first question, because it considers threats to individual species. (5) Once threatened, species require management initiatives designed to protect and nurture them, individually. But the goal of protecting biological diversity should not be reduced to the goal of protecting remnant populations of threatened species. If one thinks about the endangered species problem in this way, there is a tendency to treat it as merely a problem of protecting genetic diversity, with each species regarded as a repository for a set of genes.
(76)
第7题
Science is often hard to read. Most people assume that its difficulties are born out of necessity, out of the extreme complexity of scientific concepts, data and analysis. We argue here that complexity of thought need not lead to impenetrability of expression. We demonstrate a number of rhetorical principles that can produce clarity in communication without oversimplifying scientific issues. The results are substantive, not merely cosmetic. Improving the quality of writing actually improves the quality of thought.
72. The fundamental purpose of scientific discourse is not the mere presentation of information and thought, but rather its actual communication. It does not matter how pleased an author might be to have converted all the right data into sentences and paragraphs, it matters only whether a large majority of the reading audience accurately perceives what the author had in mind. Therefore, in order to understand how best to improve writing, we would do well to understand better how readers go about reading. Such an understanding has recently become available through work done in the fields of rhetoric, linguistics and cognitive psychology. It has helped to produce a methodology based on the concept of reader expectations.
73. Readers do not simply read, they interprent. Any piece of article, no matter how short, may "mean" in 10 ( or more) different ways to 10 different readers. This methodology of reader expectations is founded on the recognition that readers make many of their most important interpretive decisions about the substance of an article based on clues they receive from its structure.
This interplay between substance and structure can be demonstrated by something as basic as a simple table. Let us say that in tracking the temperature of a liquid over a period of time, an investigator takes measurements every three minutes and records a list of temperatures. Those data could be presented by a number of written structures.
(71)
第8题
15%)
Topic: Comment on the Development of the Internet
第9题
e exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET.
【B1】A couple of months ago, Singaporean officials unintentionally made cinematic history. They slapped an NC-17 rating on a film--which means children under 17 cannot see it--not because of sex or violence of profanity, but because of bad grammar. Despite its apparently naughty title, Talking Cock, the movie is actually an innocuous comedy comprising four skits about the lives of ordinary Singaporeans. The censors also banned a 15-second TV spot promoting the flick. 【B2】All this is because of what the authorities deemed "excessive use of Singlish."
【B3】Given the tough crackdown, you would expect Singlish to be a harmful substance that might corrupt our youth, like heroin or pornography. But it's one of Singapore's best-loved quirks, used daily by everyone from cabbies to CEOs. 【B4】Singlish is simply Singaporean slang, whereby English follows Chinese grammar and is liberally sprinkled with words from the local Chinese, Malay and Indian dialects.
I like to talk cock, and I like to speak Singlish. It's inventive, witty and colorful. 【B5】Singlish is especially fashionable these days among the younger generation, in part because it gives uptight Singapore a chance to laugh-at itself. But the government is not amused. It doesn't like Singlish because it thinks it is bad language and bad for Singapore's image as a commercial and financial center.
【B1】
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