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Title: Is Knowledge Always Power？Time limit: 40 minutesWord limit: no less than 150 words

Title: Is Knowledge Always Power？

Time limit: 40 minutes

Word limit: no less than 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)

Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and you should start with the given opening sentence: "Knowledge is a two-edged sword' advantage and disadvantage."

Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Outline

(1) Knowledge needs to be used properly.

(2) How to prevent scientific mess

(3) Your views on this topic

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更多“Title: Is Knowledge Always Pow…”相关的问题

第1题

The magnitude of the problem of disappearing species, viewed worldwide, dwarfs resources c

urrently available to address it. By the end of the century, experts predict, one species will be lost every hour. Faced with shrinking budgets and accelerating extinction rates, environmental managers agonize over which species to save. (1) Different criteria for placing value on species--ecological, economic, aesthetic, cultural--compete with one another, and controversy abounds. One proposal for sidestepping direct debates about the value of species is to adopt a system of triage, which takes its name from the French policy of sorting wartime casualties into three categories for medical treatment: those with superficial wounds that do not require immediate attention; those with wounds too serious to make treatment efficacious; and those in the middle range, having serious but treatable wounds.

Once the issue is formulated in this manner, it seems obvious that efforts toward species preservation are best concentrated in the third category. (2)Scarce funds and energies should be targeted at saving those species that are both in need of saving and susceptible to being saved. But the most arresting formulation of an issue is not always the most illuminating one; (3) it will be useful to stand back from the triage formulation (三级分类法), which casts the problem of setting priorities as one of sorting species into categories, and ask whether there are other, more fruitful ways to look at the problem.

The endangered species problem is not a single problem. It is more accurately seen as four closely related problems: what should be done when a species' population becomes so depleted as to threaten its continued existence; (4) what should be done to keep relatively healthy populations from declining and thereby falling into the threatened category; how to avert, or at least slow, the predicted and potentially cataclysmic reduction of biological diversity over the next few decades; and how to slow the trend toward conversion of natural systems to intense human use?

In the triage formulation the priorities problem is most naturally associated with the first question, because it considers threats to individual species. (5) Once threatened, species require management initiatives designed to protect and nurture them, individually. But the goal of protecting biological diversity should not be reduced to the goal of protecting remnant populations of threatened species. If one thinks about the endangered species problem in this way, there is a tendency to treat it as merely a problem of protecting genetic diversity, with each species regarded as a repository for a set of genes.

(76)

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第2题

Science is often hard to read. Most people assume that its difficulties are born out o

Science is often hard to read. Most people assume that its difficulties are born out of necessity, out of the extreme complexity of scientific concepts, data and analysis. We argue here that complexity of thought need not lead to impenetrability of expression. We demonstrate a number of rhetorical principles that can produce clarity in communication without oversimplifying scientific issues. The results are substantive, not merely cosmetic. Improving the quality of writing actually improves the quality of thought.

72. The fundamental purpose of scientific discourse is not the mere presentation of information and thought, but rather its actual communication. It does not matter how pleased an author might be to have converted all the right data into sentences and paragraphs, it matters only whether a large majority of the reading audience accurately perceives what the author had in mind. Therefore, in order to understand how best to improve writing, we would do well to understand better how readers go about reading. Such an understanding has recently become available through work done in the fields of rhetoric, linguistics and cognitive psychology. It has helped to produce a methodology based on the concept of reader expectations.

73. Readers do not simply read, they interprent. Any piece of article, no matter how short, may "mean" in 10 ( or more) different ways to 10 different readers. This methodology of reader expectations is founded on the recognition that readers make many of their most important interpretive decisions about the substance of an article based on clues they receive from its structure.

This interplay between substance and structure can be demonstrated by something as basic as a simple table. Let us say that in tracking the temperature of a liquid over a period of time, an investigator takes measurements every three minutes and records a list of temperatures. Those data could be presented by a number of written structures.

(71)

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第3题

Direction: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. (

15%)

Topic: Comment on the Development of the Internet

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第4题

Ⅱ. Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English th

e exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET.

【B1】A couple of months ago, Singaporean officials unintentionally made cinematic history. They slapped an NC-17 rating on a film--which means children under 17 cannot see it--not because of sex or violence of profanity, but because of bad grammar. Despite its apparently naughty title, Talking Cock, the movie is actually an innocuous comedy comprising four skits about the lives of ordinary Singaporeans. The censors also banned a 15-second TV spot promoting the flick. 【B2】All this is because of what the authorities deemed "excessive use of Singlish."

【B3】Given the tough crackdown, you would expect Singlish to be a harmful substance that might corrupt our youth, like heroin or pornography. But it's one of Singapore's best-loved quirks, used daily by everyone from cabbies to CEOs. 【B4】Singlish is simply Singaporean slang, whereby English follows Chinese grammar and is liberally sprinkled with words from the local Chinese, Malay and Indian dialects.

I like to talk cock, and I like to speak Singlish. It's inventive, witty and colorful. 【B5】Singlish is especially fashionable these days among the younger generation, in part because it gives uptight Singapore a chance to laugh-at itself. But the government is not amused. It doesn't like Singlish because it thinks it is bad language and bad for Singapore's image as a commercial and financial center.

【B1】

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第5题

去年，不只是景区的旅游业得到了较好的发展，那里的旅游资源也得到了很好的保护。

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第6题

Our world is developing at an unprecedented rate today, which is certainly a good thing in

most people' s eyes. However, the side effects of development have become noticed by more and more people. Actually, there is substantial controversy over this accelerating trend of social development among the public. Write a composition of about 300 words on the topic: Is the End of the World at Hand?

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第7题

The recovery of the US economy during the first quarter of this year has been so spectacul

ar that it is creating a new set of risks for financial markets. The great new risks now facing the US economy center on monetary policy and the oil market. The current federal funds interest rate of only 1.75 percent has clearly become unsustainable in view of the economy's resilience. The Federal Reserve will raise interest rates by at least 0.25 percentage points during the second quarter and could increase short-term interest rates to at least 3 percent before the antumn-the level they were at before September 11.

Such tightening would probably cause refinancing to slump to about ＄300 billion at annual rates late this year, which would eliminate capital gains as a prop for consumer spending. Rising interest rates could also damp the rally likely to occur in the equity market as corporate profits recover. If investment spending fails to revive, the economy's annual growth rate could slide back to the 2～3 percent.

The oil price is also a big risk, mainly because the Bush administration appears determined to attack Iraq. The probability of war could easily push the oil price back into the ＄35～＄40 a barrel range for at least a few months. In effect, that would impose a big new tax on consumer spending and corporate profits. The prospect of monetary tightening and a sharp increase in the oil price suggests that late 2002 and early 2003 could be a period of great volatility for the US economy.

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第8题

Writing a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. (15%)Topic

Writing a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. (15%)

Topic: Write in 250 ～ 300 words about your own academic ambition(s)

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第9题

An important variable affecting communication across cultures is fate and personal respons

ibility. 1. This refers to the degree to which we feel ourselves the masters of our lives, versus the degree to which we see ourselves as subject to things outside our control. Another way to look at this is to ask how much see ourselves able to change and maneuver, to choose the course of our lives and relationships. Some have drawn a parallel between the emphasis on personal responsibility in North American settings and the landscape itself. The North American Landscape is vast, with large spaces of unpopulated territory. 2. The frontier mentality of "conquering" the wilderness, and the expansiveness of the land stretching huge distances, may relate to generally high levels of confidence in the ability to shape and choose our destinies.

In this expansive landscape, many children grow up with an epic sense of life, where ideas are big, and hope springs eternal. When they experience setbacks, they are encouraged to redouble their efforts, to "try, try again." 3. Action, efficacy, and achievement are emphasized and expected. Free will is enshrined in laws and enforced by courts.

Now consider places in the world with much smaller territory, whose history reflects repeated conquest and harsh straggles: Northern Ireland, Mexico, Israel, Palestine. In these places, there is more emphasis on destiny's role in human life. In Mexico, there is a legacy of poverty, invasion, and territorial mutilation. Mexicans are more likely to see struggles as invasion, and territorial mutilation. Mexicans are more likely to see struggles as inevitable or unavoidable. 4. Their fatalistic attitude is expressed in their way of responding to failure or accident by saying "ni modo" ("no way" or "tough luck", meaning that the setback was destined.

This variable is important to understanding cultural conflict. If someone invested in free will crosses paths with someone more fatalistic in orientation, miscommunication is likely. The first person may expect action and accountability. Failing to see it, they may conclude that the second is lazy, obstructionist, or dishonest. 5. The second person will expect respect for the natural order of things. Failing to see it, they may conclude that the first is coercive or irreverent inflated in his ideas of what can be accomplished or changed.

(76)

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第10题

We do not make mistakes on the basis of race of color. We do not make them because we are

male or female, young or old. We do not make mistakes of choice or judgment because we want to make mistakes. We make them because we are human. Mistakes, bad judgments, the stupid things we do are all a part of being human. We cannot hide from who we are. We should not hide from what we do. When we acknowledge our mistakes or errors and face up to our human shortmings, no one can use them against us.

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