What‘s the possible meaning of"ward off‘ (Line 4, Para.5)?
A. Avoiding something intentionally.
B. Grabing something with one"s all strength.
C. Achieving something with others" help.
D. Hurting someone on purpose.
A. Avoiding something intentionally.
B. Grabing something with one"s all strength.
C. Achieving something with others" help.
D. Hurting someone on purpose.
第1题
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A. When they are arguing with other people.
B. When they are sleeping or having a dream.
C. When they are using nonverbal behavior.
D. When they are overestimating themselves.
第2题
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A. The desire to see oneself in an ideal way.
B. People overlooking their bad behaviour to avoid bad feelings.
C. Blind spots in self-knowledge causing negative consequences.
D. Nonjudgmental observation reducing emotional reactivity.
第3题
Questions are based on the following passage.
Mindfulness——paying attention to one"s current experience in a non-judgmentalway——might help us to learn more about our own personalities, according to a new articlepublished in the March 2013 issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science, a journal ofthe Association for Psychological Science.
Recent research has highlighted the fact that we have many blind spots when itcomes to understanding our patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Despite ourintuition that we know ourselves the best, other people have a more accurate view ofsome traits (e.g., intellect) than we do. In some cases, blind spots in self-knowledge canhave negative consequences, such as poor decision-making, poor academic achievement,emotional and interpersonal problems, and lower life satisfaction.
In this new article, psychological scientist Erika Carlson of Washington Universityin St. Louis explores one potential strategy for improving self-knowledge: mindfulness.
Mindfulness——a technique often recognized for its positive effects on mentalhealth——involves paying attention to your current experience (e.g., thoughts, feelings) andobserving it in a nonjudgmental manner.
According to Carlson, these two components of mindfulness, attention and non-judgmental observation, can overcome the major barriers to knowing ourselves. Sheargues that the motivation to see ourselves in a desirable way is one of the main obstaclesto self-knowledge. For instance, people may overestimate their virtuous qualities to wardoff negative feelings or boost self-esteem. However, nonjudgmental observation of one"sthoughts, feelings, and behavior, might reduce emotional reactivity——such as feelings ofinadequacy or low self-esteem——that typically interferes with people seeing the truth aboutthemselves.
Lack of information is another barrier to self-knowledge——in some situations, peoplemight not have the information they would need to accurately assess themselves. Forinstance, we have a hard time observing much of our nonverbal behavior, so we may notknow that we"re making faces or fidgeting ( 坐立不安 ) during a serious conversation.
Mindfulness could also help in this domain, as research has shown that mindfulnesstraining is associated with greater bodily awareness.
Drawing from cognitive, clinical, and social psychology, Carlson outlines atheoretical link between mindfulness and self-knowledge that suggests focusing ourattention on our current experiences in a nonjudgmental way could be an effectivetool forgetting to know ourselves better.
What effects do blind spots in self-knowledge have on us? 查看材料
A.They can help us make quick decisions.
B.They can help us achieve high scores in exams.
C.They may bring us emotional and interpersonal troubles.
D.They may enable us to enjoy our lives.
第4题
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A. The tower will collapse as the bell tower did in Pavia.
B. The tower will stand another 200 years before collapsing.
C. The tower will be torn down in 20 years.
D. The tower will exist for long with the development of technology.
第5题
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A. Because it was too old after so many years.
B. Because people think it is out of fashion.
C. Because years" stress is on the material in the lower stories.
D. Because someone damaged it intentionally.
第6题
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A. At the first time, it leaned northwards but southwards the second time.
B. At the first time, it leaned southwards but northwards the second time.
C. At the first time, it leaned westwards but eastwards the second time.
D. At the first time, it leaned eastwards but westwards the second time.
第7题
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A. They thought it would not cause trouble and continued their work.
B. They made the structure of the third story towards the north taller.
C. They demolished the tower and rebuilt it from the beginning.
D. They asked help from experts and successfully stopped the leaning.
第8题
Questions are based on the following passage.
The tower of Pisa has been leaning so long——nearly 840 years——that it"s natural toassume it will go against gravity forever. But the famous structure has been in danger ofcollapsing almost since its first brick was laid.
It began leaning shortly after construction began in 1173. Builders had only reachedthe third of the tower"s planned eight stories when its foundation began to settle unevenlyon soft soil composed of mud, sand and clay. As a result, the structure leaned slightly tothe north. Laborers tried to compensate by making the columns and arches of the thirdstory on the sinking northern side slightly taller. They then proceeded to the fourth story,only to find themselves out of work when political unrest halted construction.
The tower sat unfinished for nearly 100 years, but it wasn"t done moving. By thetime work restarted in 1272, the tower tilted to the south——the direction it still leans today.
Engineers tried to make another adjustment, this time in the fifth story, only to have theirwork interrupted once again in 1278 with just seven stories completed.
Unfortunately, the building continued to settle, sometimes at an alarming rate.Finally, between 1360 and 1370, workers finished the project, once again trying to correctthe lean by angling the eighth story, with its bell room, northward.
In 1989, a similarly constructed bell tower in Pavia, northern Italy, collapsedsuddenly. Officials became so worried the tower of Pisa would suffer a fate similar to thecollapsed tower in Pavia that they closed the monument to the public. A year later, theyrallied together an international team to see if the tower could be brought back from thebrink.
By 2001, the team had decreased the tower"s lean by 44 centimeters (17 inches),enough to make officials confident that they could reopen the monument to the public. Theactions taken by Burland and his team could, theoretically, stabilize the structure forever.
The real threat now comes from the masonry ( 石造建筑 ) itself, especially the materialin the lower stories, where most of the forces caused by the centuries-long leaning havebeen directed. If any of this masonry crushed, the tower could collapse. And even a minorearthquake in the region could have devastating consequences.
In spite of these potential problems, engineers expect the famous structure willremain stable for at least another 200 years. By then, another intervention may berequired, but the technology available to make improvements could be far more advancedand preserve the tower for another 800 years.
Why did the tower of Pisa begin to lean since its first brick was laid? 查看材料
A.The workers didn"t do exactly what they were ordered.
B.People at that time appreciated something special.
C.It was build on soft soil composed of mud, sand and clay.
D.The workers made a big mistake during construction.
第9题
eir ability instead of how much time they have served.
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第10题
nk it is of vital importance for preparing students to become doctors.
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