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The purpose of a programming system is to make a computer easy to use. To do this, it furn

ishes languages and various facilities that are in fact programs invoked and controlled by language features. But these facilities are bought at a price: the external description of a programming system is ten to twenty times as large as the external description of the computer system itself. The user finds it far easier to specify any particular function, but there are far more to choose from, and far more options and formats to remember. Ease of use is enhanced only if the time gained in functional specification exceeds the time lost in learning, remembering, and searching manuals. With modern programming systems this gain does exceed the cost, but in recent years the ratio of fain to cost seems to have fallen as more and more complex()have been added. Because ease of use is the purpose, this radio of function to conceptual complexity is the ultimate test of system design. Neither function alone nor simplicity alone()a good design. This point is widely misunderstood. Function, and not simplicity, has always been the measure of excellence for its designers. As soon as ease of use is held up as the criterion, each of these is seen to be(), reaching for only half of the true goal. For a given level of function, however, that system is best in which one can specify things with the most simplicity and straightforwardness. ()is not enough. Mooer’s TRAC language and Algol 68 achieve simplicity as measured by the number of distinct elementary concepts. They are not, however, straightforward. The expression of the things one wants to do often requires involuted (复杂的)and unexpected combinations of the basic facilities. It is not enough to learn the elements and rules of combination; one must also learn the idiomatic usage, a whole lore of how the elements are combined in practice. Simplicity and straightforwardness proceed from conceptual(). Every part must reflect the same philosophies and the same balancing of desiderata. Every part must use the same techniques in syntax and the analogous notions in semantics. Ease of use, then, dictates unity of design, conceptual integrity.

A.systems B.functions C.programs D.manuals A.defines B.can be C.constructs D.costs A.stabilize B.equalized C.unbalanced D.balanced A.Function B.System C.Straightforwardness D.Simplicity A.integrity B.isolation C.durability D.consistency

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第1题

What is the purpose of the "Green Movement"?A.To make full use of the metals left.B.To pro

What is the purpose of the "Green Movement"?

A.To make full use of the metals left.

B.To protect the forest resources from being destroyed.

C.To call for stopping using plastic meal-boxes.

D.To awaken people to the environmental problems.

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第2题

听力原文: Advertising actually has a dual function: to sell, as well as to inform. If you
stop to think of it, advertisements pro vide information of almost everything in our household and immediate environment, from shampoo to fuel for cars. A significant purpose is to inform. consumers of new products and new services as well as to remind them of established ones. Performance, price, value for money, quality and reliability are some of the main features mentioned in advertisements.

Yet there is another important aspect of advertising that should not be forgotten: that of choice. A number of advertisements for different brands of the same product, e.g. toothpaste, shampoo or washing powder allow the consumer to choose. Choice is an important part of buying.

In this busy day and age, there is little time for comparison shopping. To determin which product is the best to buy, and at the most competitive price, consumers these days rely on advertising in its various forms. This saves time and energy and simplifies shopping. So for busy people like you and me, advertisements actually do us a favor.

What is the dual function of advertisements?

A.To sell and to inform.

B.To increase prices and competition.

C.To change the means of selling and buying.

D.To take away chances of choosing from customers.

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第3题

听力原文: As a result of rising university costs, many students are finding it necessary t
o take on part-time jobs. To make finding those jobs easier, the placement service has put together a listing of what is available locally. For some students, these part-time jobs could lead to the full-time work after graduation, as they may offer experience in their own field, be that finance, marketing or even management. For example, national savings bank offers work on a haft time basis. That's 20 hours per week. Retail stores and restaurants have positions requiring fewer hours. Even less time is expected of those pro viding child care. We have a number of families registered with us who are looking for baby-sitters for as few as four hours a week. For students who prefer outdoor work, there're seasonal positions right on campus, working with the gardening and landscaping teams. These often require the most time and they are the least flexible in terms of scheduling. To see a complete list of these and other available jobs, including the salary offered and the hours required, stop by our office and be sure to bring a resume with you. When you find something that interests you, we'll put you in touch with the person offering it. In addition, our counselors will give you hints about a successful interviewing.

What's the purpose of the talk?

A.To interest students in a career in counseling.

B.To recruit counselors to work in the placement office.

C.To inform. students of a university program.

D.To convince local merchants to hire college students.

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第4题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

The poor old consumer! We'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc, from an advertisement.

Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway bylaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.

We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial ration and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast pro grams is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!

Another thing we mustn't forget is the "small ads", which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform. for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the "hatch,' match and dispatch" column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or "agony" column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!

We are different from the old consumers in that ______.

A.we have cheap goods because of heavy advertising

B.we know to inform. is one of the functions of advertising

C.we have much knowledge about household goods

D.we believe the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods

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第5题

【B3】A.in the purpose ofB.for the purpose ofC.by the purpose ofD.with the purpose of

【B3】

A.in the purpose of

B.for the purpose of

C.by the purpose of

D.with the purpose of

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第6题

A.in the purpose ofB.for the purpose ofC.by the purpose ofD.with the purpose of

A.in the purpose of

B.for the purpose of

C.by the purpose of

D.with the purpose of

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第7题

【B3】A.in the purpose ofB.for the purpose ofC.by the purpose ofD.with the purpose of

【B3】

A.in the purpose of

B.for the purpose of

C.by the purpose of

D.with the purpose of

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第8题

The purpose of argumentation is to inform and the purpose of exposition is to persuade.()
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第9题

A.in the purpose ofB.for the purpose ofC.by the purpose ofD.with the purpose of

A.in the purpose of

B.for the purpose of

C.by the purpose of

D.with the purpose of

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第10题

The purpose of argumentation is to convince.
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第11题

A.in the purpose ofB.for the purpose ofC.by the purpose ofD.with the purpose of

A.in the purpose of

B.for the purpose of

C.by the purpose of

D.with the purpose of

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