适应性（accommodation)

件在短期和长期都必须成立的时候。你的答案将作什么变化? Analyze the effect of a monetary contraction on the exchange rate in a small economy．In which sense is there an“undershooting”of the exchange rate?How does your answer change when you consider that the interest-rate arbitrage condition must hold in the short and long runs?

政策能达到这个目标?也请描述政策对价格水平的影响。 a．A国实施固定汇率制，总供给为基本凯恩斯学派情形。 b．B国实施弹性汇率制。总供给为极端凯恩斯学派情形。 c．C国为固定汇率制。总供给为古典派情形。 d．D国为弹性汇率制。总供给为古典派情形。 Assume that the governments of countries A，B，C，and D have decided to use either monetary or fiscal policy to increase aggregate demand and output．Which policy will achieve this objective for each country?Describe also the effects of the policies on the price level． a．Country A has a fixed exchange rate and the aggregate supply is represented by the normal Keynesian case． b．Country B has a flexible exchange rate and the aggregate supply is represented by the extreme Keynesian case． C．Country C has a fixed exchange rate and the aggregate supply is represented by the classic case． d．Country D has a flexible exchange rate and the aggregate supply is represented by the classic case．

与实际汇率是否会作相反方向的变化?为什么? Use the IS-LM model to analyze what happens to the nominal exchange rate when the price level rises．What happens to the real exchange rate?Can the nominal and real exchange rate move in opposite directions?Why?

化十分敏感的时候比较大，还是在进出口对汇率变化不敏感的时候比较大? Consider a monetary expansion in a small economy． a．What happens to the nominal exchange rate? b． Would the exchange rate vary more when exports and imports are very sensitive to changes in the exchange rate or when they are not?

汇率由经济内生决定的关系如何? Analyze the mechanisms that make endogenous the LM cuFve in the case of fixed exchange ratesand the is curve in the case of flexible exchange rates．How does this．relate to whether the money supply or the exchange rate is endogenously determined in the economy?

al gains from monetary union in Europe 1992．Can Europe be considered an optimum currency area?Why?

scuss why coordination of anti-inflation policies between two may be beneficial for both．How does this analysis apply under fixed exchange rates?