题目内容
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请将以下这段话翻译成英文：
中国城市化(urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需(domestic demand)。一些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设(infrastructure construction),包括水源等能源的供应将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满足消费者的需求。
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更多“2015年12月英语四级翻译题——中国城市化”相关的问题
第1题
请将以下这段话翻译成英文：
联合国下属机构世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization)公布的数据显示，中国游客对全球旅游业的贡献最大。中国人去年花在出境游上的支出膨胀至1020亿美元，同2011年相比增长了40%。联合国世界旅游组织在其网站上发布的一份声明中说，这一增幅令中国迅速超越德国和美国。后两者在之前是出境游支出最高的两个国家。2012年德美两国出境旅游支出均同比增长6%,约840亿美元。
第2题
请将以下这段话翻译成英文：
中国的保健食品(health food)市场首次出现于20世纪80年代。保健食品是指具有特定保健功能或补充维生素或矿物质的食品。保健食品适用于特定人群消费，具有调节人体功能的效果，但不用于治疗疾病的目的。保健食品有两种。一种是具有特定保健功能的食品，另外一种是营养补充剂。
第3题
请将以下这段话翻译成英文：
秧歌是农历正月的主要的民族花市形式。在这种活动中，两人都盛装打扮，轮流唱歌跳舞，其他人作为唱歌和跳舞的搭档。锣(gong)鼓按照节奏敲打;唢呐(suona)或其他传统的弦乐器、木管乐器作为背景音乐。
第4题
请将以下这段话翻译成英文：
信用卡(credit card)是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险的信用工具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些负担不起的物品，同时，银行也将对此征收比一般贷款要高的利率(interest rate)。遗憾的是，信用卡现巳成为资本主义体制(capitalist system)的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依赖消费(consumption)的持续增长。
第5题
请将以下这段话翻译成英文：
中国人民依法享受超过115天的假期，其中包括104天的周末和11天的节假日。中国一年中有7个法定假日，包括元旦(New Year’s Day),春节(Spring Festival),清明节(Qingming Festival),五一劳动节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid-Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。员工有5至15天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在中国，暑假一般约在7月1日开始，8月31日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在1月或2月。
第6题
请将以下这段话翻译成英文：
秦始皇陵墓(the Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang)坐落在陕西省西安市临潼区以东5公里的骊山北部，是中国历史上第一个皇帝的最终休眠之地。它于公元前246年开始建造,工程持续了38年。它占地面积56.25平方公里，是中国历史上最大的陵墓。
第7题
请将以下这段话翻译成英文：
复杂的汉字(Chinese characters)书写体系是中国古代文化遗留下来的瑰宝。而这一体系正面临着退化的命运。随着电脑和智能手机的迅速发展和普及，年轻人拿起笔却写不出字来的现象越来越常见。若不借助电子产品的帮助，很多人难以写出10万个日常用字。为此，中央电视台开播了一档汉字听写比赛(Chinese Character Dictation Competition)节目，以引起人们对汉字的重视，帮助观众提高汉字书写能力。
第8题
请将以下这段话翻译成英文：
胡同(Hutong)是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。最早的胡同出现在元朝(the Yuan Dynasty)，如今大部分胡同是在明清时代(the Mingand Qing Dynasties)形成的。据专家考证，“胡同”一词源干蒙古语(Mongolian)的“井”。自古以来胡同都是北京城里普通市民生息的场所，可以说是北京平民文化的代表。但随着人口的增加，很多古老的胡同已经消失，取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦。
第9题
Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.
In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortageof mindless activities to keepa child occupied. Yet, despite the competition,my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure timewriting shortstories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competitionshe won last year.
As awriter I know about winning contest, and about losing them. I know what it islike to work hard on astory only to receive a rejection slip from thepublisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputationcreatedby previous victories. What if she doesn't win the contest again? That's thestrange thing about being aparent. So many of our own past scars and dashedhopes can surface.
Arevelation (启示)came last week when I asked her, "Don't you want to win again?" "No," she replied, "I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade."
I hadjust spent weeks correcting her stores as she spontaneously(自由地)told them. Telling myself that Iwas merely an experienced writerguiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions forcharacters,conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angelstarting first grade was quickly "guided" by meinto the tale of alittle girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turnedher contest into mycontest without even realizing it.
Stayingback and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I knowvery little about farmanimals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, Ihad to accept the fact that I was coopting (借用)mydaughter'sexperience.
Whilestepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that Iwill quickly follow with moresteps, putting myself far enough away to give herroom but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will bereminding myselfthat children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.
61、What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A.Children do find lots of fun in many mindlessactivities.
B.Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy herleisure time.
C.Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials forher writing.
D.A lot of distractions compete for Children'stime nowadays.
62、What did the author say about her own writingexperience?
A.She did not quite live up to her reputation as awriter.
B.Her way to success was full of pains andfrustrations.
C.She was constantly under pressure of writingmore.
D.Most of her stories had been rejected bypublishers.
63、Why did Rebecca want to enter this year'swriting contest?
A.She believed she possessed real talent forwriting.
B.She was sure of winning with her mother's help.
C.She wanted to share her stories with readers.
D.She had won a prize in the previous contest.
64、The author took great pains to refine herdaughter's stories because ____
A.she believed she had the knowledge andexperience to offer guidance
B.she did not want to disappoint Rebecca whoneeded her help so much
C.she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dream ofbecoming a writer
D.she was afraid Rebecca's imagination might runwild while writing
65、What's the author's advice for parents?
A.A writing career, though attractive, is not forevery child to pursue.
B.Children should be allowed freedom to growthrough experience.
C.Parents should keep an eye on the activitiestheir kids engage in.
D.Children should be given every chance to voicetheir opinions.
第10题
Questions 56-60 are based on the followingpassage.
Byalmost any measure, there is a boom in Intemet-based instruction. In just a fewyears,34 percent ofAmerican universities have begun offering some form. ofdistance learning (DL), and among the larger schools,it's closer to 90 percent.If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven't heard of theUniversity ofPhoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of onlineinstruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used tosupport its claimto be the largest private university in the country.
Whilethe kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usuallysignifies a course in which theinstructors post syllabi(课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students sendin theirassignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communicationwith an instructor is minimized oreliminated altogether.
Theattraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there's theconvenience promised by courseson the Net: you can do the work, as they say, inyour pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that the reducedeffortresults in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rates for allfreshmen at American universitiesis around 20 percent, the rate for onlinestudents is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand theweaknessesinherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eComell, the DL division ofComell University, lessthan a third of the respondents expected the quality ofthe online course to be as good as the classroom course.
Clearly,from the schools' perspective, there's a lot of money to be saved. Althoughsome of the moreambitious programs require new investments in servers andnetworks to support collaborative software, most DLcourses can run on existingor minimally upgraded(升级)systems. The more students who enroll in acourse butdon't come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lightson in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers,and maintaining parking lots. Andthere's evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course foravariety of reasons, they won't be paid any more, and might well be paid less.
56、What is the most striking feature of theUniversity of Phoenix?
A.Allits courses are offered online.
B.Itsonline courses are of the best quality.
C.It boasts the largest number of studentson campus.
D.Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.
57、According to the passage, distance learning isbasically characterized by____
A.aconsiderable flexibility in its academic requirements
B.the great diversity ofstudents' academic backgrounds
C.a minimum or total absence of face-to'faceinstruction
D.the casual relationship between students and professors
58、Manystudents take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ____
A.earntheir academic degrees With much less effort
B.savea great deal on traveling and boarding expenses
C.select courses from variouscolleges and universities
D.work on the required courses whenever andwherever
59、What accounts for the high dropout rates for online students?
A.Thereis no strict control over the academic standards of the courses.
B.Theevaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak.
C.There is nomechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.
D.Lack of classroominteraction reduces the effectiveness of instruction.
60、According to the passage, universities showgreat enthusiasm for DL programs for the purpose of____
A.building up their reputation
B.cutting down on their expenses
C.upgrading their teaching facilities
D.providing convenience for students
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