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粒子的态密度D(ε)定义为:D(ε)dε代表粒子的能量处于ε与ε+dε之间的量子态数(见§7.15).这里只考虑粒子的平动自

粒子的态密度D(ε)定义为:D(ε)dε代表粒子的能量处于ε与ε+dε之间的量子态数(见§7.15).这里只考虑粒子的平动自由度所对应的态密度.

(i)设粒子的能谱(即能量与动量的关系)是非相对论性的,试分别对下列三种空间维数,求相应的态密度D(ε):

(a)粒子局限在体积为V的三维空间内运动,

粒子的态密度D(ε)定义为:D(ε)dε代表粒子的能量处于ε与ε+dε之间的量子态数(见§7.15)

(b)粒子局限在面积为A的二维平面内运动,

粒子的态密度D(ε)定义为:D(ε)dε代表粒子的能量处于ε与ε+dε之间的量子态数(见§7.15)

(c)粒子局限在长度为L的一维空间内运动,

粒子的态密度D(ε)定义为:D(ε)dε代表粒子的能量处于ε与ε+dε之间的量子态数(见§7.15)

(ii)设粒子的能谱是极端相对论性的,即ε=cp,粒子的态密度D(ε)定义为:D(ε)dε代表粒子的能量处于ε与ε+dε之间的量子态数(见§7.15),试对空间维数分别为(a)三维、(b)二维、(c)一维三种情况,求相应的D(ε).

在完成计算后,读者可以列表小结一下,从中可以看出D(ε)与粒子能谱及空间维数的关系.

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