题目内容
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A．The species develops strong communication skills.
B．The species becomes more social.
C．The species grows increasingly aggressive.
D．The species develops bigger brains.
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更多“According to paragraph 4, what…”相关的问题
第1题
read the passages and answer the questions. Most questions in the Reading section are worth 1 point, but the last question for each passage is worth more than 1 point. The directions for the last question include the point value of the question. Some passages will include a word or phrase that is underlined. You can see its definition or an explanation in the Glossary box. Within each part in the real test, you can go on to the next question by clicking the Next icon. You may skip questions and go back to them later. If you want to go back to previous questions, click the Back icon. You may click the Review icon at any time and the review screen will show you which questions you have answered and which you have not. From the review screen, you can go directly to any question you have already seen in the Reading section. Continental Drift Continental drift, and the subsequent theory of plate tectonics, forms the modern framework for geological study of the Earth. Continental drift stems from scientific notions as early as the 16th century that the Earths continents were once a single land mass, which scientists have termed Pangaea, meaning "all lands" in Greek. In 1912, German meteorologist Alfred Wegener proposed that natural forces such as earthquakes and floods broke Pangaea apart between 225 and 200 million years ago, and it eventually fragmented into the continents as we know them today. Wegener based his theory on four major observations: first, the amazing fit of the African and South American continents; second, the similarities of unusually structured plant and animal fossils discovered along the coastlines of South America and Africa, even though they are separated by the Atlantic Ocean; third, similarities in rocks and ice sheets on these two continents; and fourth, evidence that some ancient climates were diametrically opposite of modern ones. Wegeners theory of continental drift would eventually spark a new way of viewing the Earth. Initially, however, colleagues generally dismissed it as absurd, despite the fact that it seemed to complement available scientific information. Their primary criticism was Wegeners inability to adequately explain how the large masses of land could drift such great distances. (A) Wegener speculated that they simply plowed through the ocean floor, but English geophysicist Harold Jeffreys refuted that contention, noting that it is physically impossible for a gargantuan mass of solid rock to do so without breaking up. (B) It was not until the 1950s--two decades after Wegeners death--that technological advances enabled scientists to confirm Wegeners hypotheses. Improved techniques in ocean floor mapping revealed that the bottom of the ocean was not mostly flat and featureless as most scientists had speculated, and that geologic processes on land, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, were linked to dynamics on the ocean floor. (C) Scientists discovered that hot rock boils up from the Earths mantle1 near ridges in the middle of the ocean, spreading over the sea floor and forming new oceanic crust. (D) As this crust spreads, it moves continents an average of one or two centimeters each year. Scientists also found that as new crust forms at ocean ridges, older crust descends into trenches2 at the rim of the Pacific Ocean Basin, effectively recycling the ocean basins and maintaining the Earth at a steady size. Seismic activity is most prominent in earthquake zones parallel to these trenches at the edge of continents, likely due to the fact that sinking crust melts, causing hot rock to bubble up, leading to eruptions and violent quaking. These findings on the ocean floor led to the theory of plate tectonics, which holds that the Earths outermost layer consists of more than a dozen large and small plates--massive slabs of solid rock, both above and beneath the water--that are drifting about the surface of the Earth, occasionally colliding, rubbing against each other, clustering and separating, and even disappearing completely under one another. These interactions are constantly shaping the face of the planet, signified by the term "tectonics" from the Greek word meaning "to build." The results of plate-tectonic forces are most evident at plate boundaries--narrow zones between plates. At divergent boundaries, plates pull away from each other, creating new crust. A prominent example can be seen in Iceland, which is splitting as the North American Plate moves westward relativeto the Eurasian Plate. At convergent boundaries, crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another. This tends to form. mountain ranges on continental, or surface, plates, such as the South American Andes and the Asian Himalayas. At transform. boundaries, plates slide horizontally past each other and crust is neither created nor destroyed. Since the plates lack smooth edges, pressure is generally built up and suddenly released, making these types of boundaries--such as the San Andreas Fault in California--particularly susceptible to earthquakes. At a fourth type of boundary, called plate boundary zones, there are broad areas where boundaries are ill-defined and the effects of plate interaction are not well understood. Because plate boundary zones feature at least two large plates and one small plate caught between them, they have complicated geological structures and earthquake patterns. The theory of plate tectonics has gained widespread scientific acceptance, though there still remains debate over specific aspects. One of these, ironically, is the same question that dogged Wegener: What is the nature of the forces propelling the plates?
All of the following are mentioned as factors that cause urbanization EXCEPT
A．natural increases in population due to people having children.
B．the change in an area from town to city.
C．the migration of people from rural to urban areas.
D．the implementation of infrastructure to encourage urban growt
第2题
cs?
A．It was theorized by Wegener in 1912.
B．It is not widely accepted by scientists.
C．It still does not explain continental drift.
D．It is a relatively new geological theory.
第3题
The word "they" in the passage refers to
A．distances.
B．masses.
C．colleagues.
D．criticisms.
第4题
The word "absurd" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A．ludicrous.
B．ambiguous.
C．incongruous.
D．allege
第5题
How does the professor emphasize his point about force classification?
A．By stating the definition and components of each category.
B．By explaining the relationship between the two categories.
C．By identifying the members of each category.
D．By comparing the features of the two categories.
第6题
How does the professor remind students of the cruelness of animal experimentation?
A．He gives a detailed description of the cruelness of animal experimentation.
B．He encourages students to imagine the pain that the animals suffer from in animal experimentation,
C．He compares it with the hypothermia experiments done on Jews.
D．He reminds the class of the fact that scientists define begging calls,
第7题
experimentation is scientific fraud? I am an animal lover. Although I have never personally performed vivisection or experimented on animals, I have many friends and former colleagues who have done so. Almost every single one of these people feel an enormous burden and responsibility to see that the animals suffer as little as possible and that no animal in an experiment loses its life for nothing. Scientists for the most part are not in it for the money or the fame, both of which most scientists NEVER see much of, by the way. They want to help make the world a little better while exercising their innate curiosity. For you to demonize the many scientists who experiment while trying to find cures for diseases is really unfortunate and demonstrates that you are terribly uninformed. Am I saying that human life is more important than animal life? I am not. Animal experimentation is also performed on animals for the betterment of animal health. Am I saying that all animal experimentation is necessary? Absolutely not. Some of it is very likely a sad waste of animal lives and the cause of needless suffering, and certainly a waste of limited research funding. Am I saying that some of this work has saved human lives? Absolutely. Satan Jr.s example (insulin) is one such case. As an animal lover, I will be most pleased when the use of animals in science is no longer performed. Do you really want to help make animal experimentation a memory? Then become a scientist and develop alternative disease models and non-animal based remedies and then make your research widely available to other scientists. If you had really done your homework and focused on something beyond your anger and hatred, you would, see that many scientists have already done just this. You can also donate time and/or money to organizations that support the development of alternatives to animal testing. Science, like so many other fields, is slow to evolve. It will take time. The great advances in science that have given us the high standard of medical care humans and animals enjoy today have come from clinical observation, in vitro research, epidemiology, autopsies, serendipity, computer and mathematical modeling, technology, tissue research using the tissue from the species being studied, molecular biology and genetics, post-marketing drug surveillance, the basic sciences of maths, chemistry and physics and the specialization of medical care, including the specialization of physicians and veterinarians. The animal experimentation lobby, however, spends millions annually to convince the public that all medical advances are directly due to animal experiments. Furthermore, animals are not able to communicate about any side effects they may be experiencing. At least half of the side effects experienced by most drugs cannot be accurately communicated by animals. In April 1998, the Journal of the American Medical Association reported on a study which showed that more than 2 million Americans become seriously ill every year because of toxic reactions to correctly prescribed medicine and 106000 die from those reactions, making drug side effects the sixth most common cause of death in this country! Legal drugs kill more people per year than all illegal drugs combined. People expect me and want me to argue against vivisection on a purely scientific basis. I can do that. However, I cannot and will not forgo the ethical argument. For when all is said and done, I believe that research on animals is ethically wrong, and that nothing "good" can ever come out of something so morally debased. I often cite the hypothermia experiments done on Jews in the concentration camps during World War Ⅱ. This experimentation on helpless, non-consenting humans who suffered and died as a result of these experiments actually taught scientists a great deal about treating hypothermia in humans. But was it right? I would argue that it was absolutely wrong, no matter how much useful information we garnered.Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.
What aspect of animal experimentation does the professor mainly discuss?
A．How harmful it is to animal protection.
B．How useless it is for the medical care.
C．How its development differs from that of others,
D．How it develops from an early ag
第8题
According to the professor, what is the basic philosophical foundation of the nation?
A．John Locke"s three concepts.
B．Voltaire"s first Amendment.
C．Montesquieu"s Constitution.
D．Machiavelli and Hobb
第9题
According to the passage, it can be concluded from the passage that Motavalli
A．is not a proper figure to write about clean cars
B．treats automaking and environment with biased views
C．takes consumer demand into serious consideration
D．shows his change of attitude towards automobiles
第10题
nning sentence of the passage?
A．The author intends to discuss the issue of global warming with top government leaders.
B．The author lays stress on the research of the climate of the earth.
C．The author attaches paramount importance to the protection of the earth"s environment.
D．The author considers the relation between automating and environmental pollution.
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