题目内容
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[主观题]
用表中的基团增量数值证明或驳倒下面的观点： a．支链烷烃比直链烷烃更稳定。 b．对于直链烯烃而言，位于中间
用表中的基团增量数值证明或驳倒下面的观点：
a．支链烷烃比直链烷烃更稳定。
b．对于直链烯烃而言，位于中间的双键比末端双键更稳定。
c．烯烃的氢化通常比类似的羰基化合物的氢化放热更多。
| 常见官能团的基团贡献值(单位：kcal/mol) | |||||
| 基团 | Delta H_{f}^{ominus } | 基团 | Delta H_{f}^{ominus } | 基团 | Delta H_{f}^{ominus } |
| C—(H)3(C) | -10.20 | Cd—(CB)(C) | 8.64 | C—(Cd)(C)2(H) | -1.48 |
| C—(H)2(C)2 | -4.93 | Cd—(Cd)2 | 4.6 | C—(CB)(C)2(H) | -0.98 |
| C—(H)(C)3 | -1.90 | CB—(H) | 3.30 | C—(Cd)(C)3 | 1.68 |
| C—(C)4 | 0.50 | CB—(C) | 5.51 | C—(CB)(C)3 | 2.81 |
| Cd—(H)2 | 6.26 | CB—(Cd) | 5.68 | C—(O)(C)3 | -6.6 |
| Cd—(H)(C) | 8.59 | CB—(CB) | 4.96 | C—(O)(C)2(H) | -7.2 |
| Cd—(C)2 | 10.34 | C—(Cd)(C)(H)2 | -4.76 | C—(O)(C)(H)2 | -8.1 |
| Cd—(Cd)(H) | 6.78 | C—(Cd)2(H)2 | -4.29 | C—(O)(H)3 | -10.08 |
| Cd—(Cd)(C) | 8.88 | C—(Cd)(CB)(H)2 | -4.29 | C—(O)(CB)(H)2 | -8.1 |
| Cd—(CB)(H) | 6.78 | C—(CB)(C)(H)2 | -4.86 | C—(O)(Cd)(H)2 | -6.5 |
| CB—(0) | -0.9 | CO—(O)(C) | 35.1 | N—(C)3 | 24.4 |
| O—(C)2 | -23.2 | CO—(O)(H) | -32.1 | N—(CB)(H)2 | 4.8 |
| O—(C)(H) | -37.9 | CO—(O)(Cd) | -32.0 | N—(CB)(C)(H) | 14.9 |
| O—(Cd)2 | -33.0 | CO—(O)(CB) | -36.6 | N—(CB)(C)2 | 26.2 |
| O—(Cd)(C) | 30.5 | CO—(Cd)(H) | 29.1 | N—(CB)2(H) | 16.3 |
| O—(CB)2 | -21.1 | O—(CO)(C) | -43.1 | N1—(H) | 16.3 |
| O—(CB)(C) | -23.0 | O—(CO)(H) | -58.1 | N1—(C) | 21.3 |
| O—(CB)(H) | -37.9 | Cd(CO)(C) | 7.5 | N1—(CB) | 16.7 |
| C—(CO)(C)3 | 1.58 | Cd—(CO)(H) | 5.0 | CO—(N)(H) | 29.6 |
| C—(CO)(C)2(H)) | 1.83 | C—(O)2(C)2 | -18.6 | CO—(N)(C) | -32.8 |
| C—(CO)(C)(H)2 | -5.0 | C—(O)2(C)(H) | -16.3 | N—(CO)(H)2 | 14.9 |
| C—(CO)(H)3 | -10.08 | C—(O)2(H)2 | -16.1 | N—(CO)(C)(H) | 4.4 |
| CB—(CO) | 9.7 | C—(N)(H)3 | -10.08 | N—(CO)(C)2 | — |
| CO—(C)2 | -31.4 | C—(N)(C)(H)2 | -6.6 | N—(CO)(CB)(H) | 0.4 |
| CO—(C)(H) | -29.1 | C—(N)(C)2(H) | -5.2 | N—(CO)2(H) | -18.5 |
| CO—(H)2 | -26.0 | C—(N)(C)3 | 3.2 | N—(CO)2(C) | -5.9 |
| CO—(CB)2 | 25.8 | CB—(N) | -0.5 | N—(CO)2(CB) | -0.5 |
| CO—(CB)(C) | -30.9 | N—(C)(H)2 | 4.8 | ||
| CO—(CB)(H) | -29.1 | N—(C)2(H) | 15.4 |
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