The judge proved her innocent.

Which of the following adjective is used as a noun?

A．The judge found the man innocent.

B．Let"s pray for the injured.

C．Leaves turned yellow in autumn.

D．It seems easy to solve the issue.

Greek people put Greece at the center of their maps, which is a sign of ethnocentrism.()

The ordeals (神判法) were appeals the supernatural to determine the guilt or innocence of the accused. They were 【21】______ the Judicium Dei, judgment of God, or simply judicium. There is some 【22】______ of trial by ordeal in sixth century Frankish 【23】______ . The ordeals spread very rapidly 【24】______ Christianity spread to the east in Europe and to England and Ireland.

In the early Middle Ages it was widely used to 【25】______ legal questions in Western Europe. In England it was a 【26】______ form. of trial and was 【27】______ until trial by jury become 【28】______ forms of the ordeal varied 【29】______ the nature of the crime.

The greatest use of the ordeals was from the ninth to the twelfth century. In the continent of Europe, ordeals, in 【30】______ to their use in 【31】______ person accused of crime, were used for political purposes e. g. , by a claimant to a kingship of land to prove he was 【32】______ to the land, by women who were willing to undergo ordeals to disprove accusations of infidelity, and to determine who owned certain lands. In England, 【33】______ . ordeals were used only in criminal 【34】______ .

Criticism of ordeals was 【35】______ as early as the ninth century. By the twelfth century criticism had become general. It was 【36】______ that ordeals did not necessarily give the correct answer even 【37】______ the answer came from God. This was 【38】______ on the idea that God may wish to punish an innocent person not for the 【39】______ alleged but for some other offense not known to anyone 【40】______ the accused. Therefore, God may consider those accused people to be entitled to anther chance.

【21】

A．presented

B．called

C．known

D．titled

There can be no question about the dangers of heroin use. What may start out innocently enough as a desire to experience a new kind of high may progress with extreme rapidity to an almost continuous type of nightmare existence.

The heroin user may begin by snorting or inhaling the drug, progress to "skin popping" (injecting it beneath the skin), and end up "mainlining" it (injecting it directly into the bloodstream). If a hypodermic syringe is not available, the user may sever an artery and pour the heroin in with a spoon. Once users are "hooked", their entire lives become centered upon this white powder. They will do anything--lie, steal, cheat, even kill--to get that next fix. After a while, riley do not even experience a high; they simply need the drug to avoid the terrors of withdrawal. The habit demands more and more, and still more, of the drug. Even a highly paid corporation executive would find it difficult to support such a habit. Usually, the only way the addict can get enough money is through crime or prostitution. Thus, crime associated with heroin addiction is not a direct effect of the drug, but stems from the need to support the habit. In fact, heroin is an extremely effective depressant, which markedly reduces such motivational states as hunger and sex.

How is it that this innocent-looking white powder can come to dominate the life of the abuser so completely? Within the first minute of heroin injection, there is a sudden, climactic rush of feeling. This extremely pleasurable experience is followed by a "high" which is characterized by lethargy, emotional detachment, a sense of well-being, and deep feelings of contentment. To illustrate, a heroin abuser may spend hours before a TV set, watching the dancing images on the screen without becoming emotionally involved in the program content. But then comes the crushing aftermath. As the high begins to subside, so also does the sense of well-being. The euphoria of a moment ago is replaced by gnawing feelings of apprehension and anxiety. The bizarre cycle culminates in an overwhelming sense of panic as the addict begins a frantic search for tile next fix.

The victims of heroin addiction are legion--the addicts themselves, their families, and those they have robbed or otherwise brutalized in their quest for the "big H". In recent years another innocent victim of heroin addiction has come to light, the newborn infant of an addicted mother. Studies of infants born to heroin-addicted mothers have found that more than two-thirds start out life as addicts. Within 96 hours of birth, most will show signs of withdrawal, including extreme irritability, tremors, and vomiting. The incidence of withdrawal symptoms in the newborn depends on how long the mother has been addicted, on the amount of heroin she has taken, and on how close to delivery she was when she took her last dose. Traces of drugs taken as little as ten minutes prior to delivery have been found in newborns.

We may infer from the passage that a curious desire to experience a high produced by heroin ______.

A．won't lead to addiction

B．will rapidly make the person have a terrible dream

C．may be disastrous

D．may immediately endanger the existence of the person who tries

What is the talk mainly about?

A．Culture shock.

B．Ethnocentrism.

C．Myths and folktales.

D．Food preferences.

______ you say, I am sure that the woman is innocent.

A．Whatever

B．Whoever

C．However

D．Wherever

What can be inferred about the professors attitude toward ethnocentrism?

A．He is unfriendly.

B．He is biased.

C．He is admiring.

D．He is tolerant.