There is a unified and central location for currency trading.

The pub is a central part of English life and culture.

Over three quarters of the adult populations go to pubs, 【S1】______

and over a third are "regulars", visiting the pub at most 【S2】______

once a week. For many it is a second home. It also provides

the perfect "representative sample" of the English population

for any social scientist, if pubs are 【S3】______

frequented by people of all ages, all social classes, all

education-levels and every conceivable occupation.

At the bar counter, normal rules of privacy and reserve

are suspending, the English are granted 【S4】______

temporary "remission'(免除) from their conventional social

inhibitions and friendly conversation with strangers is

considered entire appropriate and normal behaviour 【S5】______

Pub conversations do not have to progress in any

kind of logical or orderly manner; they need not stick to

the point, or must they reach a conclusion. When 【S6】______

Pubgoers are in free-association mode, which is much of the

time, attempts to getting them to focus on a 【S7】______

particular subject for more than a few minutes are fruitless,

and only serve to make one popular. But they 【S8】______

do not pour their hearts out to each others; they do not 【S9】______

reveal—besides inadvertently(偶然地) their private 【S10】______

fears or secret desires.

【S1】

And the central bank launched a ( ) fund for high-tech smaller businesses. 中央银行为小型的高科技企业推出了一项启动基金。

A、start

B、startdown

C、end

D、start-up

Friendship and friends continue to remain central to our lives. The relationship that we share with our friends is grounded in a mutual concern as our friends help us in shaping up our personalities as well. Even in this age of online social networking, the need of expanding the network of friends, whether online or offline remains a primary concern for people. We may have a very vague understanding of what makes a friend but we all want to have a good many friends around us.

Research has shown that the quality and nature of your friends are one of the key influencing factors in achieving happiness and satisfaction. Friends often affect the health and energy of a person as well. More and more people are increasingly turning towards their friends for support and mutual sharing rather than communicating to their relatives; this sociological phenomenon has escalated the desire to make more friends. Though friendship is a relationship developed between two individuals marked by a voluntary, emotional and mutual concern, there are certain steps, which, if followed, can win you friends or at least help you get close to those whom you want to make friends with.

The first step to make friends with someone is to make them like you. If they don’t like you in the first place, it is unlikely that they’ll be eager to become your friends. To let someone know that you are genuinely interested in them, simple gestures like a little smile and calling him by his first name can lay the basic foundation. To make the other person feel important you need to be a good listener and encourage the other person to talk. Give your honest and sincere opinion but do not overtly criticize or make fun of him or her.

The second step of making someone your friend is to develop a mutual consideration between each other. You need to share his or her perspective and for that it is necessary for you to develop a tendency to see things from the other person’s point of view. To become best of friends you must show a genuine concern and consideration for your friend’s desires and opinions.

The third and final step towards friendship is to show your unconditional support and encouragement towards your friend. Moreover, you also need to be very clear about your expectations from your friend. If what you expect from the person you want to befriend matches with what that person can and want to contribute in friendship, the developing friendship between you and your friend is assured to grow, making both of you gratified with mutual emotional bonding.

Friendship has overwhelming significance on both social and individual levels. Friendship doesn’t only provide us with emotional as well as practical support but it also helps us improve our personal identities. So it is quite natural to feel the urge to reach out and make new friends, expanding your friend’s circle. Friendship remains familiar yet quite ambiguous (模糊的) for our deeper understanding, but then again, friends remain the most important ingredients in the recipe of life!

41. The relationship between friends is based on ______.

A. the social networking around friends

B. friends’ caring and helping each other

C. the style. friends choose to communicate

D. an unclear understanding of what makes a friend

42. Which of the following statements has been proved correct?

A. The better quality your friends have, the happier you will be.

B. Communication with friends is healthier than that with relatives.

C. The more friends you have, the more satisfied you are with yourself.

D. Those you like in the first place are more likely to become your friends.

43. The word “escalated” in the second paragraph probably means ______.

A. intensified B. challenged

C. shifted D. resisted

44. It can be inferred from the first suggested step that ______ is NOT likely to win you friends.

A. making others talk B. being very talkative

C. telling people you like them D. addressing others in an informal way

45. What structure does the author use to organize this passage?

A. Effect- cause. B. Comparison- contrast.

C. General- specific- general. D. Definition - explanation - example.

Although April did not bring the rains we all hoped for, and although the Central Valley doesn’t generally experience the atmospheric (大气的) sound and lightning that can accompany those rains, it is still important for parents to be able to answer the youthful questions about thunder and lightning.

The reason that these that these two wonders of nature are so difficult for many adults to explain to children is that they are not very well understood by adults themselves. For example, did you know that the lighting we see flashing(闪烁) down to the earth from a cloud is actually flashing up to a cloud from the earth? Our eyes cheat us into thinking we see a downward motion when it’s actually the other way round. But then, if we believe only what we think we see, we’d still insist that the sun rises in the morning and sets at night.

Most lightning flashes take place inside a cloud, and only a relative few can be seen jumping between two clouds or between the earth and a cloud. But, with about 2,000 thunderstorms taking place above the earth every minute of the day and night, there’s enough activity to produce about 100 lightning strikes on the earth every second.

Parents can use thunder and lightning to help their children learn more about the world around them. When children understand that the light of the lightning flashes reaches their eyes almost at the same moment, but the sound of the thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile, they can begin to time the interval between the flash and the crash to learn how close they are to the actual spark.

26. According to the first paragraph, in the Central Valley area, rains come _____.

A. when it is April 

B. when the field is dry

C. when people all hope for it 

D. usually without thunder and lighting

27. We tend to think that lighting moves downward because_____.

A. our eyes play a joke on us 

B. we take it to be true scientifically

C. we cannot see it clearly most of the time 

D. it always runs down from a cloud to the earth

28. Which of the following is NOT true about lighting according to the passage?

A. Most lightning flashes take place inside a cloud.

B. About 2,000 thunderstorms occur above the earth every minute.

C. People can seldom see lightning flashes running between two clouds or between the earth and a cloud.

D. The thunderstorms happening above the earth can provide enough power to produce about 100 lightning strikes every second.

29. What does the word “ spark” in the last paragraph probably refer to ?

A. Cloud 

B. Rain 

C. Thunderstorm 

D. Lightning flash

30. What does the passage imply?

A. Seeing is believing.

B. We should never trust what we see or hear.

C. People may easily make mistakes in their understanding of nature.

D. Children sometimes know more about nature than their parents do.

Introduction and client background

You are an audit senior in Staple and Co and you are commencing the planning of the audit of Smoothbrush Paints Co for the year ending 31 August 2010.

Smoothbrush Paints Co is a paint manufacturer and has been trading for over 50 years, it operates from one central site, which includes the production facility, warehouse and administration ffices.

Smoothbrush sells all of its goods to large home improvement stores, with 60% being to one large chain store Homewares. The company has a one year contract to be the sole supplier of paint to Homewares. It secured the contract through signifi cantly reducing prices and offering a four-month credit period, the company’s normal credit period is one month.

Goods in/purchases

In recent years, Smoothbrush has reduced the level of goods directly manufactured and instead started to import paint from South Asia. Approximately 60% is imported and 40% manufactured. Within the production facility is a large amount of old plant and equipment that is now redundant and has minimal scrap value. Purchase orders for overseas paint are made six months in advance and goods can be in transit for up to two months. Smoothbrush accounts for the inventory when it receives the goods.

To avoid the disruption of a year end inventory count, Smoothbrush has this year introduced a continuous/perpetual inventory counting system. The warehouse has been divided into 12 areas and these are each to be counted once over the year. The counting team includes a member of the internal audit department and a warehouse staff member. The following procedures have been adopted;

1. The team prints the inventory quantities and descriptions from the system and these records are then compared to the inventory physically present.

2. Any discrepancies in relation to quantities are noted on the inventory sheets, including any items not listed on the sheets but present in the warehouse area.

3. Any damaged or old items are noted and they are removed from the inventory sheets.

4. The sheets are then passed to the fi nance department for adjustments to be made to the records when the count has fi nished.

5. During the counts there will continue to be inventory movements with goods arriving and leaving the warehouse.

At the year end it is proposed that the inventory will be based on the underlying records. Traditionally Smoothbrush has maintained an inventory provision based on 1% of the inventory value, but management feels that as inventory is being reviewed more regularly it no longer needs this provision.

Finance Director

In May 2010 Smoothbrush had a dispute with its fi nance director (FD) and he immediately left the company. The company has temporarily asked the fi nancial controller to take over the role while they recruit a permanent replacement. The old FD has notifi ed Smoothbrush that he intends to sue for unfair dismissal. The company is not proposing to make any provision or disclosures for this, as they are confi dent the claim has no merit.

Required:

(a) Identify and explain the audit risks identifi ed at the planning stage of the audit of Smoothbrush Paints Co. (10 marks)

(b) Discuss the importance of assessing risks at the planning stage of an audit. (4 marks)

(c) List and explain suitable controls that should operate over the continuous/perpetual inventory counting system, to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the existing inventory records at Smoothbrush Paints Co. (10 marks)

(d) Describe THREE substantive procedures the auditor of Smoothbrush Paints Co should perform. at the year end in confi rming each of the following:

(i) The valuation of inventory; (3 marks)

(ii) The completeness of provisions or contingent liabilities. (3 marks)

The year was 1959.Location: The central African city of Leopoldville, now

called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo.A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a Western-backed study of blood diseases.He walked away and was never heard from again.Doctors analyzed his sample, froze it in a lest tube and forgot about it.A quarter-century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a second look at the blood and discovered that it contained HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

And not just any HIV.The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals(monkeys or chimpanzees)to humans, according to a report published last week in Nature.Dr.David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City and one of the study’s authors, says a careful genetic analysis of sample’s DNA pushes the putative origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade, to the early 1950s or even the 1940s.

Over the past 15 years, scientists have identified at least 10 subtypes of the AIDS virus.But they couldn’t tell whether they were seeing variations on one changeable virus or the handiwork of several different viruses that had made the jump from primates to man.A close look at the genetic mutations in the Leopoldville sample strongly suggests that all it look to launch the AIDS epidemic was one unlucky turn of events.

By comparing the DNA of the 1959 virus with that of samples taken from the 1980s and 1990s , Ho and his colleagues constructed a viral family tree in which the Leopoldville isolate sits right at the juncture where three subtypes branch out.The 39-year-old specimen is also strikingly similar to the other seven subtypes.The clear implication: all the viral strains can be traced back to a single event or a closely related group of events.One theory is that AIDS started through contact with infected monkeys in a remote area and spread to the rest of the population through urbanization and mass inoculations.

The findings underscore how rapidly HIV can adapt to its surroundings, making it devilishly difficult to develop effective vaccines.No one knows how many more subtypes of HIV will sprout in the next 40 years, but chances are that they will be every bit as lethal as the ones we see today, if not more so.

36.What does the phrase “Belgian Congo” mean?

A.Belgium was a colony of Congo.

B.Congo was a colony of Belgium.

C.Belgian Congo was a African state.

D.Belgium and Congo were two separate countries.

37.According to this article, HIV in human body originated from .

A.animals B.plants

C.food D.Not mentioned in the article

38.Are the ten subtypes of the AIDS virus variation of one?

A.Yes. B.No.

C.Scientists are not sure about it at present.

D.It is not mentioned in the article.

39.Which of the following statements is true?

A.All the viral strains can be traced back to a single event.

B.HIV can not easily adapt to its surroundings.

C.AIDS started through contact with inflected monkeys in a remote area.

D.AIDS started through urbanization and mass inoculations.

40.Which of the following is the best topic for this passage?

A.How to Protect Yourself from AIDS?

B.Where Does HIV Come From?

C.Classification of HIV.

D.When Did AIDS Begin?

Asmallbusinesscurrentlyhasaserverroomwithalargecoolingsystemthatisappropriateforitssize.Thelocationoftheserverroomisthetoplevelofabuilding.Theserverroomisfilledwithincandescentlightingthatneedstocontinuouslystayonforsecuritypurposes.WhichofthefollowingwouldbetheMOSTcost-effectivewayforthecompanytoreducetheserverroomsenergyfootprint？（）

A.Replaceallincandescentlightingwithenergysavingneonlighting.

B.Setanauto-shutoffpolicyforallthelightsintheroomtoreduceenergyconsumptionafterhours.

C.Replaceallincandescentlightingwithenergysavingfluorescentlighting.

D.Consolidateserversystemsintoalowernumberofracks，centralizingairflowandcoolingintheroom.

Klancet, a public limited company, is a pharmaceutical company and is seeking advice on several financial reporting issues.

(a) Klancet produces and sells its range of drugs through three separate divisions. In addition, there are two laboratories which carry out research and development activities.

In the first of these laboratories, the research and development activity is funded internally and centrally for each of the three sales divisions. It does not carry out research and development activities for other entities. Each of the three divisions is given a budget allocation which it uses to purchase research and development activities from the laboratory. The laboratory is directly accountable to the division heads for this expenditure.

The second laboratory performs contract investigation activities for other laboratories and pharmaceutical companies. This laboratory earns 75% of its revenues from external customers and these external revenues represent 18% of the organisation’s total revenues.

The performance of the second laboratory’s activities and of the three separate divisions is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker (CODM). In addition to the heads of divisions, there is a head of the second laboratory. The head of the second laboratory is directly accountable to the CODM and they discuss the operating activities, allocation of resources and financial results of the laboratory.

Klancet is uncertain as to whether the research and development laboratories should be reported as two separate segments under IFRS 8 Operating Segments, and would like advice on this issue. (8 marks)

(b) Klancet has agreed to sell a patent right to another pharmaceutical group, Jancy. Jancy would like to use the patent to develop a more complex drug. Klancet will receive publicly listed shares of the Jancy group in exchange for the right. The value of the listed shares represents the fair value of the patent. If Jancy is successful in developing a drug and bringing it to the market, Klancet will also receive a 5% royalty on all sales.

Additionally, Klancet won a competitive bidding arrangement to acquire a patent. The purchase price was settled by Klancet issuing new publicly listed shares of its own.

Klancet’s management would like advice on how to account for the above transactions. (7 marks)

(c) Klancet is collaborating with Retto Laboratories (Retto), a third party, to develop two existing drugs owned by Klancet.

In the case of the first drug, Retto is simply developing the drug for Klancet without taking any risks during the development phase and will have no further involvement if regulatory approval is given. Regulatory approval has been refused for this drug in the past. Klancet will retain ownership of patent rights attached to the drug. Retto is not involved in the marketing and production of the drug. Klancet has agreed to make two non-refundable payments to Retto of $4 million on the signing of the agreement and $6 million on successful completion of the development.

Klancet and Retto have entered into a second collaboration agreement in which Klancet will pay Retto for developing and manufacturing an existing drug. The existing drug already has regulatory approval. The new drug being developed by Retto for Klancet will not differ substantially from the existing drug. Klancet will have exclusive marketing rights to the drug if the regulatory authorities approve it. Historically, in this jurisdiction, new drugs receive approval if they do not differ substantially from an existing approved drug.

The contract terms require Klancet to pay an upfront payment on signing of the contract, a payment on securing final regulatory approval, and a unit payment of $10 per unit, which equals the estimated cost plus a profit margin, once commercial production begins. The cost-plus profit margin is consistent with Klancet’s other recently negotiated supply arrangements for similar drugs.

Klancet would like to know how to deal with the above contracts with Retto. (8 marks)

Required:

Advise Klancet on how the above transactions should be dealt with in its financial statements with reference to relevant International Financial Reporting Standards.

Note: The mark allocation is shown against each of the three issues above.

Professional marks will be awarded in question 3 for clarity and quality of presentation. (2 marks)

Which of the following is a central vowel?

A．[e]

B．[i]

C．[u]

D．[э]