题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A、hydralazine; losartan; sodium nitroprusside; amlodipine
B、captopril; hydralazine; losartan; sodium nitroprusside
C、captopril; losartan; sodium nitroprusside; amlodipine
D、propranolol; losartan; sodium nitroprusside; amlodipine
E、propranolol; hydralazine; losartan; sodium nitroprusside
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更多“Drugs that produce vasodilatio…”相关的问题
第1题
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： The dog has often been an unselfish friend to man. It is always grateful to its master. It helps man in many ways. Certain breeds of dogs are used in criminal investigations. They are trained to sniff out drugs and bombs. They help police to catch criminals. Some dogs are trained to lead blind people.
The dogs that help in criminal investigations are trained at a school called the Military Dog Studies branch of the US Air Force in Lackland, Texas, The dogs to be trained are selected by an air force team. This team visits large cities across the country to buy the dogs. They may buy dogs from private citizens for up to $750 each. Some citizens freely give their dogs. The dogs selected must be healthy, brave and aggressive. They must be able to fight back if they are attacked. The dogs chosen are between the ages of one and three. They are given a medical examination when they arrive at the school. Their physical examination includes X-rays and heart tests. The trainee dogs undergo the first stage of training when they arrive in Lackland. This is an 11-week course for patrol duty. After this course, the best dogs are selected to go on another 9-week course. They learn drag-sniffing or bomb-sniffing. After this course, the dogs axe ready for their jobs in the cities or on air force bases.
The training given to a drag-sniffing dog is different from that given to a bomb-sniffing dog. A drag-sniffing dog is trained to scratch and dig for the drugs when he sniffs them. A bomb-sniffing dog sits down when he finds a bomb. That is the alert for hidden explosives.
(27)
A．Given by the local government.
B．Born by a large number of bitches.
C．Bought from different cities and villages.
D．Captured over grassland.
第2题
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
Say the word bacteria, and most folks conjure up images of a nasty germ like staphylococcus or salmonella that can make you really sick. But most bacteria aren't bad for you. In fact, consuming extra amounts of some bacteria can actually promote good health. These beneficial bacteria are available without a prescription in drug and health-food stores and in foods like yogurt. So far, the best results have been seen in the treatment of diarrhea, particularly in children. But re searchers are also looking into the possibility that beneficial bacteria may thwart vaginal infections in women, prevent some food allergies in children and lessen symptoms of Crohn's disease, a relatively rare but painful gastrointestinal disorder.
So where have these good germs been lurking all your life? In your intestines, especially the lower section called the colon, which harbors at least 400 species of bacteria. Which ones you have depends largely on your environment and diet. An abundance of good bacteria in the colon generally crowds out stray bad bacteria in your food. But if the bad outnumber the good—for example, after antibiotic treatment for a sinus or an ear infection, which kills normal intestinal germs as well—the result can be diarrhea.
For generations, people have restored the balance by eating yogurt, buttermilk or other products made from fermented milk. But nowadays, you can also down a few pills that contain freeze-dried germs. These preparations are called probiotics to distinguish them from antibiotics. Unfortunately, you can't always be sure that the bacteria in the products you buy are the same strains as those listed on the label or even that they're still alive. Probiotics are usually sensitive to both heat and moisture. Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Laetobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine. L-GG, as it's called, has been used to treat traveler's diarrhea and intestinal upsets caused by antibiotics. Even more intriguing, L-GG also seems to work against some viruses, including rotavirus, one of the most common causes of diarrhea in children in the U.S. and around the world. Here the effect is indirect. Somehow L-GG jump-starts the immune system into recognizing the threat posed by the virus.
Pediatricians at Johns Hopkins are studying a different bug, the Bb-12 strain of Bifidobacterium, which was discovered by researchers at CHR Hansen Biosystems. Like L-GG, Bb-12 stimulates the immune system. For reasons that are not dear, infants who are breast-fed have large amounts of bifidobacteria in their intestines. They also have fewer intestinal upsets. Dr. Jose Saavedra and colleagues at Hopkins have shown that Bb-12 prevents several types of diarrhea, including that caused by rotavirus, in hospitalized infants as young as four months. It has also been used to cure diarrhea in children of all ages.
What the author mainly intends to say in the first paragraph is ______.
A．that nasty germs can make you really sick
B．that the word bacteria doesn't refer to the germs which make people sick
C．the beneficial effects that most bacteria may produce on human body
D．the possibility that beneficial bacteria may stop vaginal infections in women
第3题
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.
Text 1
Say the word bacteria, and most folks conjure up images of a nasty germ like staphylococcus or salmonella that can make you really sick. But most bacteria aren't bad for you. In fact, consuming extra amounts of some bacteria can actually promote good health. These beneficial bacteria are available without a prescription in drug and health-food stores and in foods like yogurt. So far, the best results have been seen in the treatment of diarrhea, particularly in children. But re searchers are also looking into the possibility that beneficial bacteria may thwart vaginal infections in women, prevent some food allergies in children and lessen symptoms of Crohn's disease, a relatively rare but painful gastrointestinal disorder.
So where have these good germs been lurking all your life? In your intestines, especially the lower section called the colon, which harbors at least 400 species of bacteria. Which ones you have depends largely on your environment and diet. An abundance of good bacteria in the colon generally crowds out stray bad bacteria in your food. But if the bad outnumber the good—for example, after antibiotic treatment for a sinus or an ear infection, which kills normal intestinal germs as well—the result can be diarrhea.
For generations, people have restored the balance by eating yogurt, buttermilk or other products made from fermented milk. But nowadays, you can also down a few pills that contain freeze-dried germs. These preparations are called probiotics to distinguish them from antibiotics. Unfortunately, you can't always be sure that the bacteria in the products you buy are the same strains as those listed on the label or even that they're still alive. Probiotics are usually sensitive to both heat and moisture. Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Laetobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine. L-GG, as it's called, has been used to treat traveler's diarrhea and intestinal upsets caused by antibiotics. Even more intriguing, L- GG also seems to work against some viruses, including rotavirus, one of the most common causes of diarrhea in children in the U. S. and around the world. Here the effect is indirect. Somehow L-GG jump-starts the immune system into recognizing the threat posed by the virus.
Pediatricians at Johns Hopkins are studying a different bug, the Bb-12 strain of Bifidobacterium, which was discovered by researchers at CHR Hansen Biosystems. Like L-GG, Bb-12 stimulates the immune system. For reasons that are not dear, infants who are breast-fed have large amounts of bifidobacteria in their intestines. They also have fewer intestinal upsets. Dr. Jose Saavedra and colleagues at Hopkins have shown that Bb-12 prevents several types of diarrhea, including that caused by r0tavirus, in hospitalized infants as young as four months. It has also been used to cure diarrhea in children of all ages.
21. What the author mainly intends to say in the first paragraph is ______.
A) that nasty germs can make you really sick
B) that the word bacteria doesn't refer to the germs which make people sick
C) the beneficial effects that most bacteria may produce on human body
D) the possibility that beneficial bacteria may stop vaginal infections in women
第4题
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： Moods, say the experts, are emotions that tend to become fixed, influencing one's outlook for hours, days or even weeks. That's great if your mood is a pleasant one, but it will be a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry or simply lonely.
Perhaps one of the best ways to deal with such moods is to talk them out: sometimes, though, there is no one to listen. Modern science offers an abundance of drugs. But scientists have also discovered the effectiveness of several non-drug approaches to make you loose from an unwanted mood. These can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being nonpoisonous. So the next time you feel out of sorts, don't head for the drug store—try the following approach.
Of all the mood-altering self-help techniques, physical exercise seems to be the most efficient cure for a bad mood. "If you could keep up the exercise, you'd be in high spirits", says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for Health and Beauty. There is obviously a link between physical activity and mood changes.
Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise compare favorably to drugs as a mood-raiser. Physical exertion such as housework, however, does little, probably because it is not intensive enough, and people usually do it unwillingly. The key is physical exercise—running, cycling, walking, swimming or other repetitive and sustained activities that boost the heart rate, increase circulation and improve the body's utilization of oxygen. Do them for at least 20 minutes a session three to five times a week.
(27)
A．It proves to be ineffective.
B．Sometimes there is no audience.
C．It reveals people's privacy.
D．It proves to be poisonous.
第5题
A．send drugs on order to a small group of people
B．send drugs and hopes that right people get them
C．send whatever drugs he gets from clinics
D．write his own prescriptions
第6题
【C7】______set of drugs is called stimulants. They "perk us up" emotionally and make us【C8】______responsive. A common mild stimulant is caffeine, a drug【C9】______in most coffees. It is because of its caffeine content【C10】______coffee often gives us a "lift", wakes us【C11】______and helps us be more responsive. Some【C12】______are very potent and may effectively counteract extreme depression.【C13】______a doctor's care, the use of strong stimulants can be very (80).
Other【C15】______of drugs can also have profound【C16】______on our emotions. These include chemicals found in marijuana, narcotics, and hallucinogenic (引起幻觉的)【C17】______such as LSD. These drugs may produce unpleasant【C18】______pleasant feelings. Also they can be very dangerous. Some are strongly【C19】______, and many can cause various kinds of【C20】______.
【C1】
A．that
B．as to
C．in order to
D．which
第7题
1 The term "drug abuse" most often refers to the use of a drug with such frequency that it causes physical or mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning. Although the term seems to imply that users abuse the drugs they take, in fact, it is themselves or others they abuse by using drugs.
2 Pharmacologists, who study the effects of drugs, classify psychoactive drugs according to what they do to those who take them. Drugs that speed up signals passing through the nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and produce alertness and arousal and, in higher doses, excitability, and inhibit fatigue and sleep, are called stimulants. Drugs that retard, slow down, or depress signals passing through the central nervous system and produce relaxation, a lowering of anxiety, and, at higher doses, drowsiness and sleep, are called depressants. One distinct kind of depressants are those which dull the mind's perception of pain and in medicine are used as painkillers, or analgesics. These drugs called narcotics.
3 It is not always easy to determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuse. Thus it is far easier to study who uses illegal psychoactive drugs than it is to study who abuses them. When re searchers describe patterns of drug abuse, then, they usually describe the more general phenomenon of drug use, whether it leads to abuse or not.
4 Drinking on the job is a social and economic problem with a long history. With the growing popularity of illegal drugs in the 1960s and 1970s, it was to be expected that their use in the workplace would emerge as a major issue by the 1980s. Estimates of employee drug use vary greatly, ranging from 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job. The safe performance of some occupations among them is done by airline pilots in air traffic.
5 From the 1920s until the 1960s, treatment of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexistent. During this period many officials did not believe that treatment was effective or necessary. Drug abusers and sellers were simply arrested and imprisoned, thereby discouraging use. The dramatic explosion in the use and abuse of a wide range of different drugs during the 1960s demonstrated the weakness of this theory. As a result, two treatment programs were developed during the 1960s.
A. Patterns of drug abuse
B. Treatment
C. Drug testing in the workplace
D. Classification of psychoactive drugs
E. Definition of drug abuse
Paragraph 1 ______.
第8题
The World Health 0rganization1 estimates that about one—third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis．Most times，the infection remains inactive．But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB，usually in their______（1）．Two million people die______ （2）it．The disease has______ （3）with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis．
Current treatments take at least six months．Patients have to ______（4）a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily．But many people stop——（5）they feel better．Doing that can______ （6）to an infection that resists treatment．Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective．Now a study estimates just how______ （7）it might be．A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study．Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients______（8）．It would also mean______ （9）infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others．
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan．They______ （1 0）the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia．The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases．And it might______ （11）about twenty-five percent of TB deaths．The model shows that these______ （12）would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty．That is，if a faster cure is developed
and in wide use by two thousand twelve．
The World Health Organization______ （13）the DOTS。program in nineteen ninety．DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment，Short-course．Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make______ （14）they continue treatment．
Earlier this year，an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program．The ten-year plan also aims to finance research ______ （15）new TB drugs．The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old．The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development。says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses．
第 31 题
A．kidneys
B．1ungs
C．bones
D．1ivers
第9题
Directions: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文：F: Mr. Franklin, in recent years, Nigeria's traffickers have become key players in the global narcotics trade. Could you use a case to show how they carry on their business?
M: In June 1996, our investigator began tapping four telephone lines in the Chicago area, the taps revealed that a clothes shop run by an Nigerian women, Karl, was actually a front for a worldwide drug ring, bringing heroin from Thailand and Cambodia to the United States. The drug was resold from the clothes shop to Nigerian wholesalers in a trade worth an estimated value of $120 million a year.
F: When was she arrested?
M: On an autumn day in 1996, law enforcement officers in Chicago arrested Kafi and 20 other Nigerians. The same day, in coordinated raids in New York, Detroit, London, Paris, Amsterdam and Bangkok, police seized a dozen more people linked with the drug ring. Eventually, 27 people, most Nigerians, were indicted.
F: What was the court's decision?
M: In August1998, Karl was sentenced to 117 moths in custody for conspiring to import and possess with intent to distribute heroin. But as a matter of fact, that gang was just the tip of an iceberg.
F: Is there any statistics?
M: Today, Nigerian organized criminals are active in no fewer than 60 countries. In the past five years they have been implicated in over 1,200 narcotics smuggling cases, involving several hundred kilos of heroin and cocaine.
F: How do these Nigerians successfully smuggle cocaine for so many times?
M: Well, Customs officers call them "stuffers and swallowers" because, typically, Nigerian smugglers ingest or insert into body cavities between 60 and 70 rubber condoms, each containing around ten grams of heroin or cocaine.
What did Karl the criminal mentioned in the case have as her front of the drug ring?
A．a drug shop.
B．A clothes shop.
C．A doll shop.
D．A toy shop.
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