听力原文: [[Professor] (female)] Is everyone ready to begin? Well, let me start by saying it all started in Dahlonega, Georgia. [Student A (male)] Huh? What started there? [Professor] Im getting to that. Q10 But first, does anyone have any idea what Im talking about? Dahlonega, Georgia, is known for somethi- [Student B (male)] [interrupting]Oh! I know! Dahlonega is where the gold rush started! [Student A] Wasnt that in California? [Professor] Youre both right. Q6 Georgia was the site of a gold rush...and California was too. Thats actually what I want to talk about today: these two North American gold rushes. I guess you could say that a zeal for gold has, um, long been a part of the national psyche of the United States. If you think about it, the prospect of gold was basically what brought colonists here in the first place. Q9(A) As early as the sixteenth century, the Spanish and French may have been mining gold in Georgia, but the real gold rush didnt begin until much later. Um, 1829, to be more precise. Q7 So how did the gold rush officially start? Well, we dont quite know for certain...and therere a couple of different, um, anecdotes about it. One suggests that someone named Frank Logan discovered some gold in Dukes Creek. A similar story indicates that the gold found in Dukes Creek was actually discovered by a guy named John Witheroods. Yet another tale credits the discovery of gold to Jesse Hogan, who found gold near Dahlonega. Whatever the case may be, gold was discovered in Georgia in 1828...tales of riches spread quickly throughout the nation, and soon prospectors from all over the country were suffering from "gold fever"...packing up their belongings and heading to Georgia to get rich. Q11 Dahlonega was the center of it all. Actually, the name "Dahlonega" is from the Cherokee word for gold. Within a couple of years, the population of Dahlonega swelled to 15,000 miners -um, according to the 2000 census, it has a population of less than 4,000 people today. [Student B] When you mentioned that Dahlonega comes from the Cherokee language, it reminded me of something I studied last year in American history: the Trail of Tears. Is that in any way related to the, um, the gold rush in Georgia? [Professor] Thats an excellent question. Youre absolutely right. Its important to remember that the land where all of this gold was being discovered was actually Cherokee territory. The miners obsession with gold led to a lot of trespassing in Cherokee tribal lands, and this caused tensions to increase between the U.S. national government and the Cherokee nation. Q9(C) Eventually, the U.S. government became so desperate for the resources possessed by the Cherokee nation- Im talking about the gold--that they actually seized the land. Q8 The government sent in the military in 1838 to forcibly remove the Cherokee people. But it was more than that...the Cherokees were actually forced to walk all the way from Georgia to Oklahoma. Four thousand of the 15,000 people who were made to take this journey died. For that reason, it is referred to as the, um, the Trail of Tears. OK. I dont want to run out of time without discussing the California gold rush, so Im afraid we have to move on now. The California gold rush began in much the same way as the Georgia gold rush--with someone finding gold...and madness ensuing. It was 1848, and the person who made the discovery was James Marshall. Three hundred thousand people caught gold fever this time around, coming from all over the world: Latin America, Asia, Europe, Australia... These people earned the nickname "forty-niners," because they arrived in 1849 after hearing the news. [Strident A] [Professor]...were there any negative effects of this gold rush? You know...like you mentioned about the one in Georgia. [Professor] Well, yes, but first let me mention that some of the effects of the California gold rush were relatively beneficial. I mean, Q9(D) the state underwent a lot of growth, and new roads, churches, and schools were created to serve the new population. Q9(B) In addition, transportation was constantly improving, as people traveled west in steamships and by railroad. But, as I think youre suggesting, some of the things that happened in Georgia occurred in California as well. I mean, the gold rush in California had a severely negative impact on the local Native American population. Disease, starvation, and violent attacks resulting from the gold rush caused their population to drop from 150,000 people in 1845 to 30,000 in 1870. The gold rush made many victims of other minorities as well. People from all kinds of different backgrounds were forced to compete for limited resources...and that turned some people against each other. Unfortunately, gold-rush boom towns were a lawless frontier, where racial tensions often escalated to violence. And there was no one to maintain order.
What is the talk mainly about?
A.The gold mining operations among the Native Americans.
B.The gold-mining frenzies in Georgia and California.
C.The westward movement across the United States.
D.The mistreatment of the Native Americans in Georgia.