题目内容
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[主观题]
The main obstacle to cross-cultural communication is ________.
A、cultural differences
B、life-style
C、mode of thinking
D、language barrier
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更多“The main obstacle to cross-cul…”相关的问题
第2题
Which of the following are barriers to cross-cultural communication?
A、Anxiety
B、Assuming similarity instead of difference
C、Assuming difference instead of similarity
D、Ethnocentrism
E、Stereotypes
F、Prejudice
第3题
What are the author's attitudes towards cross-cultural communication?
A、Negative
B、Positive
C、Neutral
D、Biased
第4题
The cardinal principle we should bear in mind in conducting cross－cultural communicat
The cardinal principle we should bear in mind in conducting cross-cultural communication is this: There is no such a thing as good or bad. There are only ________.
点击查看答案
A. influences
B. respect
C. indifference
D. differences
第5题
Intercultural communication is now a discipline that studies across different cultures and social groups, or how culture affects communication.
第6题
Although there are body languages that can cross cultural boundaries, culture is stilt a significant factor in all body languages. This is particularly true of personal space needs. For example, Dr. Edward Hall has shown that in Japan crowding together is a sign of warm and pleasant intimacy. In certain situations, Hall believes that the Japanese prefer crowding.
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Donald Keene, who wrote Living Japan, notes the fact that in the Japanese language there is no word for privacy. Still, this does not mean that there is no concept of the need to be apart from others. To the Japanese, privacy exists in terms of his house. He considers this area to be his own, and he dislikes invasion of it. The fact that he crowds together with others does not contradict his need for living space.
Dr. Hall sees this as a reflection of the Japanese concept of space. Westerners, he believed, see space as the distance between objects; to them space is empty. The Japanese, on the other hand, see space as having as much meaning as their flower arrangements and art, and the shape of their gardens as well, where units of space balance the areas containing flowers or plants.
Like the Japanese, the Arabs too prefer to be close to one another. But while in public they are crowded together, in privacy, they prefer a great deal of space. The traditional or wealthy Arab house is large and empty, with family often crowded together in one small area of it. The Arabs do not like to be alone, and even in their spacious. houses they will huddle together.
The difference between the Arab huddling and the Japanese crowding is a deep thing. Tile Arabs like to touch his companion. The Japanese, in their closeness, preserve a formality and a cool dignity. They manage to touch and still keep rigid boundaries. The Arabs push these boundaries aside.
Along with this closeness, there is a pushing and shoving in the Arab world that many Westerners find uncomfortable, even unpleasant. To an American, for example, there are personal boundaries even in a public place. When he is waiting in line, he believes that his place there is his alone, and may not be invaded by another. The Arab has no concept of privacy in the public place, and if he can rush his way into a line, he feels perfectly within his rights to do so. To an American, the body is sacred; he dislikes being touched by a stranger, and will apologize if he touches another accidentally. To an Arab, bodily contact is accepted.
Hall points out that an Arab needs at times to be alone, no matter how close he wishes to be, physically, to his fellow men. To be alone, he simply cuts off the lines of communication. He retreats into himself, mentally and spiritually, and this withdrawal is respected by his companions. If an American were with an Arab who withdrew in this way, he would regard it as impolite, as lack of respect, even as an insult.
What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Arabs and Japanese have different ideas of privacy.
B．Body languages reflect cultural concepts.
C．Cultural differences between the West and the East.
D．People in different cultures have different concepts of space.
第7题
Cross Cultural Conflict Resolution in Teams
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Team members work in increasingly diverse environments: in terms of age, gender, race, language, and nationality. Beyond these differences, there are also deeper cultural differences that influence the way conflict is approached.
The use of teams represents an important change in the way we work. The theory is that through the interdependency of the parts greater productivity is achieved by the whole. Experience has been less kind. One reason that teams fail to meet performance expectations is their paralysis through unresolved conflict.
Teams Dynamics
Over time successful teams develop culturally distinct pathways to communicate, problem solving, make decisions, and resolve conflict. Most literature on teams suggests that they realize high performance levels by passing through four distinct development phases, 'forming', 'storming', 'norming' and 'performing'.
The development of team norms does not take place in a vacuum, but is embedded in the wider social, political and economic context of the day; Another reality is that team members do not have access to the same power. Sources of power differ, as do expectations about how and when it will be used. It is suggested that a successful team will:
be comfortable dealing with conflict
be committed to resolving disputes close to the source
resolve disputes based on interests before rights and power
learn from experience with Conflicts.
This ties in with research on the effects of interpersonal conflict in teams. A team member's commitment to the team and the team mission decreases if conflict goes unresolved, but can increase if conflict is well-managed and resolved. If unhealthy conflict goes unresolved for too long, team members are likely to quit or to search for alternatives.
Defining Culture
Social anthropology, as the academic field responsible for the study of culture, has yet to settle on a definition of culture. However, for our practical purposes, culture is defined as the shared set of values, beliefs, norms, attitudes, behaviors, and social structures that define reality and guide everyday interactions.
This definition implies that culture is an attribute of a group, and also contemplates the fact that there may be as much variation within the group as between different groups: We often associate culture with a national group, however, culture includes ethnic groups, clans, tribes and organizations. Teams within organizations also have beliefs, attitudes and behaviors that constitute unique cultures.
Although there are many similarities between cultures, it is important not to minimize real differences that do exist.
A useful tool for considering the cultures of different groups is the bell curve. The majority of a group culture will confirm to a dominant set of beliefs, attitudes and behaviors, but there will be members of the cultural group that differ in significant ways from the norm.
Individualistic and Collectivist Dimensions of a Culture
An important dimension of culture is the extent to which members identify with the group (in this case the team) rather than themselves as individuals. Individualistic cultures place a high value on "autonomy, initiative, creativity, and authority in decision making." Individual interests trump group interests, and any group commitment is a function of a perceived self-benefit. Collectivist cultures, on the other hand, value the group above the individual. Group conformity and commitment is maintained at the expense of personal interests. Harmony, getting along and maintaining 'face are seen as crucial'.
The dominant culture in the USA, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand is individualistic, while collectivism predominates the rest of the
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
第9题
The main idea of the text is
点击查看答案
A．how to cross the street
B．how to be safe in your everyday life
C．how to use the public phones
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