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People from some cultures may lower their gaze to convey respect, whereas this may be understood as evading or even insulting in other cultures.

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更多“People from some cultures may …”相关的问题

第1题

听力原文： As more and more people lose their jobs, now it is perhaps the time to consider the experience of unemployment. What are the first feelings? Well, losing a job, or not being able to find one, almost always brings unwelcome changes. If you've lost a job, the first feeling is often one of shock. As well as the loss of income, many people find the whole routine of their life is shattered. their contact with other people reduced, their ambitions halted and their identity as a worker removed.

At first there may be good feelings too. A new and better job is just around the corner. It's nice to be able to lie in bed in the morning or spend more time with the children; have more time to think. But, unless a better job does turn up, the chances are the days start getting longer. and time becomes harder to fill. Many people pass through periods of difficulty in sleeping and eating. They feel irritable and depressed, often isolated and lonely.

Despite all these problems though, unemployment can be a chance for a fresh start. You can discover that it provides an opportunity to sort out or rethink what you want from life and how best you can get it. You can use the time to plan how to field a new job, learn a new skill, develop your hobbies or see if you can run your own business.

(30)

A．They feel irritable.

B．They feel depressed.

C．They feel shocked.

D．They feel isolated.

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第2题

Some species that cannot shift their ranges toward the poles may become extinct.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第3题

Some people are content to limit their investment programs to such safe investments as savings accounts and savings bonds.They take comfort of knowing that while the return from such【M1】______

investmentsmay be small, it is steady and sure. Another people seek investments 【M2】______

that involve higher risks. They understand that the amount of money a investment 【M3】______

returns is frequently related to the amount of risk it involves. Because they want to obtain the greatest possible return on each dollar investing, they are willing to take certain 【M4】______

chances. Still another group of people want both comfort of safe investments and 【M5】______

greater dollar return of high-risk investments. Accordingly, they prefer to a program 【M6】______

that has a balance of both safe and high-risk investments.

For the last two groups, most popular types of high-risk investments are those 【M7】______

that involve securities. Securities, that is a general term for stocks and bonds, are 【M8】______

sold by governments and corporations in order to raise large amounts of money.

There are three ways in which businesses that needs a great deal of money for a long 【M9】______

period of time can obtain that money. They can go to a bank and apply for a long-term loan. They can use the profits of the business. Or they can sell stocks and bonds. But banks are often reluctant to lend large amounts for periods longer than one and two years. 【M10】______

And profits are ordinarily not large enough to finance anything very expensive.

【M1】

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第4题

Problems of the aged

Mandatory (强制性的) Retirement

By late middle age many workers are looking forward to retirement, and millions of those who have retired are only too glad to exchange the routines of work for the satisfaction that a more leisured life may bring. Many other workers, however, are reluctant to give up their jobs. A 1974 Harris poll found that nearly a third of retired people aged sixty-five or over would prefer to work. The desire to continue working often stems from harsh economic reality, for retirement usually brings a sharp drop in income. Some workers fear the loss of social identity that can result from not having a job. They may be left with "nothing to do", and may find that their lives are robbed of significant meaning and fulfillment. Those old people who would like to continue working are all too often the victims of what is perhaps the most striking example of age discrimination (歧视): the practice of mandatory retirement, under which people are forced to give up their jobs once they reach a certain age. Until recently the precise age for mandatory retirement varied from job to job--fifty-six for air-traffic controllers, fifty-five for New York City fire fighters, seventy for Harvard professors. The usual mandatory retirement age, however, was sixty-five. In 1978 Congress passed new legislation that raised the legal mandatory retirement age to seventy for most employees. Under the new law, employers cannot require a worker to retire 15efore the age of seventy, although workers of course may still retire before that age if they wish.

The objection to mandatory retirement is that it throws people out of their jobs at a purely arbitrary age, without regard for their individual abilities. There is no evidence to suggest that most people over the age of sixty-five or seventy are incapable of working; at the turn of the century, in fact, 70 percent of men over sixty-five were active in the labor force. Mandatory retirement absurdly implies that people are capable of productive labor until the day before their seventieth birthday, then abruptly become physically or mentally incapable of performing their jobs. It also implies that we treat all members of the same age group as though they had identical competence or incompetence at their jobs--when, in fact, the mental and physical abilities of any group of people born at the same time become more dissimilar, not more similar, as they grow older.

Why does enforced retirement exist, and why do employers try to persuade their employees to retire at the age of sixty-five? The reason is that mandatory retirement is an administrative convenience for the employers. In the past, when most workers produced their own goods or were their own bosses, they worked until they either died or chose to stop work. This is still the case today with self-employed workers, such as artists, owners of businesses, or lawyers. But fully 80 percent of Americans today are employed by other people or organizations--primarily large corporations and federal, state, or local government agencies. These organizations face the problem of finding some orderly way of phasing out (淘汰) their older employees who might have become unproductive. It is far more convenient for the employers to achieve this by an arbitrary age rather than by the fairer but more cumbersome (笨拙的)alternative of periodically reviewing the productivity of each individual worker.

Economic Problems

One of the most common and serious problems faced by the aged is that of making ends meet from one day to the next. In 1977 the aged had a median family income of around $6,292, compared with ＄12,702 for those aged eighteen to sixty-four. This figure is even lower than that for blacks and other racial minorities. As recently as 1970 some 25 percent of the aged were living below the poverty line. Many other aged people live just above the pov

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第5题

Some people describe American society as a salad bowl while others see it as a melting pot. In a sense, both are correct depending upon one's point of view. In a bowl of freshly tossed salad, all the ingredients are mixed together. Yet they never lose their shape, form. or identity. Together, however, the ingredients make up a unity. In a sense, all the ingredients of a salad contribute to the finished product. They may be covered with the same dressing, but the green vegetables, tomatoes, lettuce and eggs can all be seen for what they are.

From this point of view, America is very much like a salad bowl where individual ethnic groups blend together, yet maintain their cultural uniqueness. They may work together during the day at similar jobs and in identical companies, but at night they may return to their ethnic communities where the flavor of their individual culture dominates their way of life. This is why perhaps there is so much diversity within America. Each ethnic group has its own special interests, language, food, customs and traditions to protect and defend. This idea of the salad bowl is referred to by sociologists as cultural pluralism. It simply means that American society is a collection of many cultures living side by side within one country.

The other concept which is also used to describe American society is that of the melting pot. In this usage, society is like a pot of stew (炖菜) or a cauldron (大锅) of porridge. All of the ingredients mix and blend together losing their identity and yield a bit of what they were to become a new reality. A pot of stew is very different from a bowl of salad. Within the stew, the meat and vegetables in the cooking process give to each other a bit of their own flavor. The longer the stew is allowed to simmer (炖), the better the taste and the more likely it will be for the mixture to dissolve.

In this sense, America can surely be seen as a melting pot where people from all over the world come to live and work together forming one nation. Whether a salad bowl or a melting pot, America can best be described as a mixture of both; that is to say, a nation where there is unity in diversity.

Why does someone see America as a salad bowl?

A．The Americans work together during the day and night.

B．Each ethnic group has its unique culture.

C．There is no culture diversity in America.

D．America society is a unity with one culture.

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第6题

听力原文： As more and more people lose their jobs, now is perhaps the time to consider the experience of unemployment. What are the first feelings? Well, losing a job, or not being able to find one, almost always brings unwelcome changes. If a person has lost a job, the first feeling is often one of shock. As well as the loss of income, many people find the whole routine of their life is disordered, their contact with other people reduced, their ambitions halted and their identity as a worker removed.

At first there may be good feelings too--a new and better job is just around the corner--it's nice to be able to lie in bed in the morning or spend more time with the children and have more time to think. But, unless a better job does turn up, the chances are the days start getting longer and time becomes harder to fill. Many people pass through periods of difficulty in sleeping and eating. They are easily annoyed and often feel depressed, isolated and lonely.

Despite all these problems, though, unemployment can be a chance for a fresh start. Those who have lost their jobs can discover that it provides an opportunity to sort out or rethink what they want from life and how best they can get it. They can use the time to plan how to find a new job, learn a new skill, develop their hobbies or see if they can run their own business.

(33)

A．Angry.

B．Sad.

C．Shocked.

D．Ashamed.

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第7题

As more and more people lose their jobs, now is perhaps the time to consider the experience of unemployment. What are the first feelings? Well, losing a job, or not being able to find one, almost always brings unwelcome changes. If you've lost a job, the first feeling is often one of shock. As well as the loss of income, many people find the whole routine of their life is shattered, their contact with other people reduced, their ambitions halted and their identity as a worker removed.

At first there may be good feelings too — a new and better job is just around the corner— it's nice to be able to lie in bed in the morning or spend more time with the children; have more time to think. But, unless a better job does turn up, the chances are the days start getting longer and time becomes harder to fill. Many people pass through periods of difficulty in sleeping and eating. They feel irritable and depressed, often isolated and lonely.

Despite all these problems though, unemployment can be a chance for a fresh start. You can discover that it provides an opportunity to sort out or rethink what you want from life and how best you can get it. You can use the time to plan how to find a new job, learn a new skill, develop your hobbies or see if you can run your own business.

What is the writer's main message in the passage?

A．Unemployment brings downward changes in people's lives.

B．One should try to make the best of unemployment.

C．Unemployment results in negative psychological effects.

D．Many people have no problems with unemployment.

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第8题

听力原文：W: Well, we heard some people just now who seem to feel that other people have a wrong idea about the work they do. Do you think this sort of thing is very widespread?

M: Oh absolutely. Most jobs or professions seem to have an image or a stereotype attached to them, often much to the irritation of the job holders. But there is a serious point to all this, too, that maybe young people actually choose their careers under the influence of these false images. And certainly, there is evidence that they may even avoid certain careers because they have a negative image. Well, on a large scale, as you can imagine, this could cause problems for whole sectors of the economy.

W: Err, you say there's evidence?

M: Oh most definitely. There was a survey recently into children's attitudes to different professions.

W: How was that done, though? Because, after all, children don't know much about the world of work before they get into it.

M: Well, exactly. What the investigators wanted to get at was their impressions and their prejudices. They used a very simple technique. They gave the children twelve pairs of statements. In each pair one statement was positive, the other was its opposite.

W: I see. What professions did they ask about?

M: Do you really want the whole list? It's huge!

(23)

A．He is a scientist.

B．He is a sociologist.

C．He is an officer.

D．He is a boss.

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第9题

People today are still talking about the generation gap. Some parents complain that their children do not show them proper respect, while children complain that their parents do not understand them at all.

What has gone wrong? Why has the generation gap appeared?

One important cause is that young people want to choose their own life style. In more traditional societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people on their children are another cause of the generation gap.

Parents often expect their children to do better than they do, to find better jobs, to make more money; the high wishes that parents place on their children are another cause of the generation gap.

Finally, the high speed of social changes deepens the gap. In a traditional culture, people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society today the knowledge of a lifetime may be out of use overnight.

According to the passage, children today expect their parents to ______.

A．give them more independence

B．choose a good job for them

C．live together with them

D．make more money

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