Thus in a changing world youth was faced with the challenge of bringing our mores up to date.

Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing(裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.

The researcher organized an experimental tournament(锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.

Observers noted down the referees' errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.

The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum(最佳的)distance is about 20 meters.

There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.

If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.

He also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 35 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.

The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ______.

A．review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup

B．analyse the causes of errors made by football referees

C．set a standard for football refereeing

D．reexamine the rules for football refereeing

Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing(裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.

The researcher organized an experimental tournament(锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.

Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.

The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum(最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.

There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.

If FIFA, football's international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.

He also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 35 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.

The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ______.

A．review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup

B．analyse the causes of errors made by football referees

C．set a standard for football refereeing

D．reexamine the rules for football refereeing

听力原文：M: Do you think people today do a good job of planning for financial emergencies?

W: Well, I think most people want to have a secure future. Urn, however, the information they need, um, to achieve financial security isn't at their fingertips. OK, for example, well, they need to establish their goals, for instance, how much money do you need to live, what would be a basic amount that you need to live? They have to take things like whether they want to pay for their children to go to college, which college they're going to go to, and many people in the baby boomer group are faced with having to care for a parent, which is an added expense and has to be, urn, considered in any future financial decision.

M: Then how much money do you think people need to save for themselves?

W: Well, the thing is, you should have 3 ～ 6 months of monthly salary saved, so whatever your monthly salary is you should have enough to pay your expenses for 3 ～ 6 months without any income.

M: And then in addition to that, most of us need to plan for college, retirement, taking care of parents, etc. ?

W: Uh-huh. And the kinds of things that rise up unexpectedly, for example, like the water heater blowing up or the car not starting in the morning.

M: So, what's the biggest mistake people make?

W: Well, they tend to live from paycheck to paycheck. And when something unexpectedly occurs, if they don't have someone to help, they just go deeper and deeper into debt, you fall farther and farther behind in your payments. Or, it gets so bad that you lose everything, like what has happened to many people who are forced into homelessness and are there because their debts became overwhelming.

M: So, if you could give people one piece of advice to make their financial future more secure, what would you suggest?

W: Younger people often spend every last cent that they earn. After they pay their bills, they complain that there's nothing left over to save. The best advice I can give is to say "Pay yourself first". When you get your paycheck, save some portion of it, even $10 a week. That's giving up a movie, and one stop at a fast food restaurant. Let's say you start with $3,000, and you add $10 a week to that at a pretty reasonable rate of 13% a year. In 60 years you'll have 5.6 million dollars. That's pretty amazing, isn't it?

According to the woman, how much money should people save for themselves?

A．3 ～ 6 months of monthly salary.

B．13% of salary.

C．$10.

D．Not mentioned.

听力原文：M: Do you think people today do a good job of planning for financial emergencies?

W: Well, I think most people want to have a secure future. Um, however, the information they need, um, to achieve financial security isn't at their fingertips. Um, OK, for exam pie, well, they need to establish their goals, for instance, how much money do you need to live, what would be a basic amount that you need to live? They have to take things like whether they want to pay for their children to go to college, which college they're going to go to, um, and many people in the baby boomer group are faced with having to care for a parent, which is an added expense and has to be, um, considered in any future financial decision.

M: Then how much money do you think people need to save for themselves?

W: Well, the thing is, you should have 3—6 months of monthly salary saved, so whatever your monthly salary is you should have enough to pay your expenses for 3—6 months without any income.

M: And then in addition to that, most of us need to plan for college, retirement, taking care of parents, etc.?

W: Uh-huh. And the kinds of things that rise up unexpectedly, for example, like the water heater blowing up or the car not starting in the morning.

M: So, what's the biggest mistake people make?

W: Well, they tend to live from paycheck to paycheck. And when something unexpectedly occurs, if they don't have someone to help, they just go deeper and deeper into debt, you fall farther and farther behind in your payments. Or, it gets so bad that you lose everything, like what has happened to many people who are forced into homelessness and are there because their debts became overwhelming.

M: So, if you could give people one piece of advice to make their financial future more secure, what would you suggest?

W: Younger people often spend every last cent that they earn. They live from paycheck to paycheck. After they pay their bills, they complain that there's nothing left over to save. The best advice I can give is to say "Pay yourself first." When you get your pay-cheek, save some portion of it, even ＄10 a week. That's giving up a movie, and one stop at a fast food restaurant. Let's say you start with ＄3000, and you add ＄10 a week to that at a pretty reasonable rate of 13% a year. In 60 years you'll have 5.6 million dollars. That's pretty amazing, isn't it?

According to the woman, how much money should people save for themselves?

A．3～6 months of monthly salary

B．13% of salary

C．＄10

D．Not mentioned

We are pleased to advise you that your order No.120 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction.

Passage 2

When you think about the growth of human population over the last century or so, it is all too easy to imagine it merely as an increase in the number of humans. But as we _1_, so do all the things associated with us, including our livestock. At present, there are about 1.5 billion _2_ and domestic buffalo and about 1.7 billion sheep and goats. With pigs and poultry, they form. a _3_ part of our enormous biological footprint upon this planet. Just how enormous was not really _4_ until the publication of a new report, called “Livestock’s Long Shadow,” by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Consider these numbers. Global livestock grazing and feed production use “30 percent of the land surface of the planet.” Livestock—which consume more food than they _5_—also compete directly with humans for water. And the drive to expand grazing land destroys more biologically sensitive land, rain forests _6_, than anything else. But what is even more striking, and _7_, is that livestock are responsible for about 18 percent of the global warming effect, more than transportation’s _8_. Greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrogen，are resulted from their digestion. Grazing land, which destroys forests, adds to the effect. There are no easy trade-offs when it comes to global warming—such as cutting back on livestock to make room for care. The human _9_ for meat is certainly not about to end anytime soon. As “Livestock’s Long Shadow” makes clear, our health and the health of the planet depend on pushing livestock production in more _10_ directions.

A)yield

B)contribution

C)stain

D)ideally

E)apparent

F)multiply

G)cattle

H)passion

I)scrape

J)critical

K)liable

L)sustainable

M)deposit

N)alarming

O)especially

第1空答案是：