Ralph Waldo Emerson was popularly acknowledged the spokesman of __________.

Nature (excerpt) by Ralph Waldo Emerson To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst 1 read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds, will separate between him and what he touches. One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime. Seen in the streets of cities, how great they are! If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown! But every night come out these envoys of beauty, and light the universe with their admonishing smile. The stars awaken a certain reverence, because though always present, they are inaccessible; but all natural objects make a kindred impression, when the mind is open to their influence. Nature never wears a mean appearance. Neither does the wisest man extort her secret, and lose his curiosity by finding out all her perfection. Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals, the mountains, reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity of his childhood. When we speak of nature in this manner, we have a distinct but most poetical sense in the mind. We mean the integrity of impression made by manifold natural objects. It is this which distinguishes the stick of timber of the wood-cutter, from the tree of the poet.

Early attempts to appreciate popular music concentrated almost exclusively

on the American scene. For example, the music critic Adorno focused his

analysis on the cultural hegemony achieved by the ruling classes through the

Line manipulation of musical semiotics in rapidly developing forms of mass

(5) communication. The primacy of American forms on radio and record at this time

was pronounced, but it seems unfortunate that Adorno, in particular,

concentrated his gaze exclusively on the most commercial forms of mainstream

pop, ignoring counter-cultural developments within the USA, such as blues,

jazz and gospel, or without. Although he was writing into the sixties, the

(10) explosion of rock 'n' roll and the proliferation of forms that it yielded seem not

to have affected him, nor that of the rapid development of a radically different

form. of popular music in the Caribbean, such as Calypso. His trenchant analysis

offered much in understanding the hegemony and manipulation of meaning in

advanced capitalist societies, but less laudable is his tendency to perceive

(15) popular music as an exclusively American form, and as monolithic and

undifferentiated.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A．analyze the total impact that popular music had on Adorno's musical criticism

B．review the attempt of Adorno's scholarship to study counter-cultural music

C．correct the failure of Adorno's theories to explain the manipulation of meaning by the ruling classes

D．survey the successes and failures of Adorno's musicological theory

E．critically assess Adorno's analysis of American music in general

What will the man and thewoman buy for Alice? [A]Arecord． [B]Someflowers． [C]A boxof chocolates．

A．He persuaded the man not to send the judge wine.

B．lie persuaded the man to send the judge wine.

C．lie was pleased with what the man did.

D．He was not shocked by what the man did.

It may be inferred from the passage that at the time Invisible Man was published, many blacks contributed more to American life than Ellison by

A．establishing and arguing for the implementation of social practices more affirmative than those found in Invisible Man

B．eschewing the obligations that praise of Ellison's work entailed for him, and thereby working to subvert the literary system

C．supporting a vision of "exceptional" America in contrast to Ellison's "unexceptional" version, and broadening the scope of that vision

D．putting the same theories of reform. Ellison espoused in his book into concrete practice through activism

E．exposing the more effective critique of traditional American values advanced by Ellison's literary precursors

听力原文： Not long ago it was assumed that the dangers man would meet in Space would be terrible, the main ones being radiation and the danger of being hit

by meteors. It is perhaps worth remembering that less than two centuries ago the dangers of train travel seemed similarly terrible. A man would certainly die, it was thought, if carried along at a speed of thirty kilometers per hour.

There are two sorts of radiation man must fear in space. The first is radiation from the sun, and this is particularly dangerous when the sun is very ac five and explosions are occurring on its surface. The second, less harmful form. comes from the so-called Van Allen Belts. These are two areas of radiation about 1 ,500 miles away from the earth. Neither of these forms of radiation area is dangerous to us on the earth, since we are protected by our atmosphere. Specifically, it is that part of our atmosphere known as the ozonosphere which protects us. This is a belt of the chemical ozone between 12 and 21 miles from the ground, which absorbs all the radiation.

Once outside the atmosphere, however, man is no longer protected, and radiation can be harmful in a number of ways. A distinction must be drawn between the short- and long-term effects of radiation. The former are merely unpleasant, but just because an astronaut returning from a journey in space does not seem to have been greatly harmed, we cannot assume that he is safe. The long-term effects can be extremely serious, even leading to death.

What forms of radiation are feared by astronauts?

A．Radiation from the sun.

B．Radiation from the Van Allen Belts.

C．Radiation from the meteors.

D．Both A and B

听力原文： Not long ago it was assumed that the dangers man would meet in space would be terrible, the main ones being radiation and the danger of being hit by meteors. It is per- haps worth remembering that less than two centuries ago the dangers of train travel seemed similarly terrible. A man would certainly die, it was thought, if carried along at a speed of thirty kilometers per hour.

There are two sorts of radiation man must fear in space. The first is radiation from the sun, and this is particularly dangerous when the sun is very active and explosions are occurring on its surface. The second, less harmful form. comes from the so-called Van Allen Belts. These are two areas of radiation about 1,500 miles away from the earth. Neither of these forms of radiation area is dangerous to us on the earth, since we are protected by our atmosphere. Specifically, it is that part of our atmosphere known as the ozonosphere which protects us. This is a belt of the chemical ozone between 12 and 21 miles from the ground, which absorbs all the radiation.

Once outside the atmosphere, however, man is no longer protected, and radiation can be harmful in a number of ways. A distinction must be drawn between the short-and long-term effects of radiation. The former are merely unpleasant, but just because an astronaut returning from a journey in space does not seem to have been greatly harmed, we cannot assume that he is safe. The long-term effects can be extremely serious, even leading to death.

What forms of radiation are feared by astronauts?

A．Radiation from the sun.

B．Radiation from the Van Allen Belts.

C．Radiation from the meteors.

D．Both Ａ and Ｂ.

听力原文： Not long ago it was assumed that the dangers man would meet in space would be terrible, the main ones being radiation and the danger of being hit by meteors. It is per- haps worth remembering that less than two centuries ago the dangers of train travel seemed similarly terrible. A man would certainly die, it was thought, if carried along at a speed of thirty kilometers per hour.

There are two sorts of radiation man must fear in space. The first is radiation from the sun, and this is particularly dangerous when the sun is very active and explosions are occurring on its surface. The second, less harmful form. comes from the so-called Van Allen Belts. These are two areas of radiation about 1,500 miles away from the earth. Neither of these forms of radiation area is dangerous to us on the earth, since we are protected by our atmosphere. Specifically, it is that part of our atmosphere known as the ozonosphere which protects us. This is a belt of the chemical ozone between 12 and 21 miles from the ground, which absorbs all the radiation.

Once outside the atmosphere, however, man is no longer protected, and radiation can be harmful in a number of ways. A distinction must be drawn between the short-and long-term effects of radiation. The former are merely unpleasant, but just because an astronaut returning from a journey in space does not seem to have been greatly harmed, we cannot assume that he is safe. The long-term effects can be extremely serious, even leading to death.

What percentage of the world’s known petroleum reserves does Kuwait have?

A．13%.

B．16%.

C．14%.

D．15%.