In 1972, Nixon became the first U. S. President to visit Beijing.

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第1题

The U. S. Army Infantry (步兵), which calls Fort Benning home, has fought in every major conflict involving the nation's military. Yet developing a program for effective infantry training came neither quickly nor easily. The first movement to shape the country's foot soldiers into a superior force came more than 200 years ago at the request of the general who became the first president of the United States.

Revolutionary forces commanded by General George Washington were barely surviving as they camped at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, during the winter of 1777. Washington realized that his soldiers, shivering in rags. Needed better training if there were to be any hope of winning against the well-schooled British army. He sought advice from the respected Prussian (普鲁士) general, Baron Fredreich von Steuben.

Von Steuben agreed to help, but recognized the huge challenge he faced to change the loose band of rebels into a disciplined, well-organized force. As one observer at the time noted, the colonial army "was the finest body of troops he had ever seen out of step '. Von 8teuben's own assessment was that the Continental Army was a shame. "There was no uniformity of drill, no similarity of organization , and no teamwork of any kind ", wrote Leroy Yarborough, first lieutenant (中尉) of infantry , in an unpublished 1931 history of Fort Benning. No two companies drilled alike. And they all drilled poorly.

But Von Steuben was resourceful and energetic and known for his persuasiveness. He established standard drill exercises and taught them patiently, but persistently to the troops. Once he saw progress, he chose those most skilled in military formations to demonstrate for the rest to imitate. This practice of using the best troops to model techniques and tactics become fundamental in military training, continuing long after the Revolutionary War. For his efforts, Von Steuben is known as the "Father of the U. S. Infantry."

The first two paragraphs tell us ______.

A．how Von Steuben became the general of the American infantry

B．how the revolutionary forces came to be commanded by Washington

C．how Washington set about asking von Steuben to train his soldiers

D．how poorly organized the Americans were compared to the British army

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第2题

Beijing 2008: The First 4G Wireless Olympic Games ?

About half a million years ago, Peking man lived in Zhoukoudian, in the southwestern suburbs of what is now Beijing. If you have been to Beijing more recently, or are at all familiar with modern China, then you know this ancient city is going to host the most modern, high-tech Olympic Games ever in 2008. With technology available today, and a vision for what Beijing could be in 2008, there is an opportunity for the hosts to make the city's telecommunications infrastructure--in the words of the Olympic motto — "swifter, higher, stronger". The Path to 4G

Beijing has the good fortune of looking at previous generations of wireless networks and avoiding the same mistakes as it prepares for 2008. First Generation (1G) wireless telecommunications — the brick-like analog phones that are now collector's items—introduced the cellular architecture that is still being offered by most wireless companies today. Second Generation (2G) wireless supported more users within a cell by using digital technology, which allowed many callers to use the same multiplexed channel. But 2G was still primarily meant for voice communications, not data, except some very low data-rate features, like Short Messaging Service (SMS). So-called 2.5G allowed carriers to increase data rates with a software upgrade at the base transceivers Stations (BTS), as long as consumers purchased new phones too. Third Generation (3G) wireless offers the promise of greater bandwidth, basically bigger data pipes to users, which will allow them to send and receive more information.

All of these architectures, however, are still cellular. Cellular architecture is sometimes referred to as a "star architecture', because users within that cell access a common, centralized base station. The advantage is that given enough time and money, carriers can build nationwide networks, which most of the big carriers have done. Some of the disadvantages include a singular point of failure, no lead balancing, and spectral inefficiencies. The single biggest disadvantage to cellular networks going forward is that as data rates increase, output power will have to increase—or the size of the cells win have to decrease—to support those higher data rates. Since significant increases in output power scare both consumers and regulators, it is far more likely that we will see significantly smaller cells. This will further reduce the return on investment in already fragile 3G business plans.

Fourth Generation (4G) wireless was originally conceived by the Defense Advanced Research projects Agency (DARPA), the same organization that developed the wired Internet. It is not surprising, then, that DARPA chose the same distributed architecture for the wireless Internet that had proven so successful in the wired Internet. Although experts and policymakers have yet to agree on all the aspects of 4G wireless, two characteristics have emerged as all but certain components of 4G:end-to-end Internet Protocol (IP) ,and peer-to-peer(点对点)networking. An all IP network makes sense because consumers will want to use the same data applications they are used to in wired networks. Peer-to-peer networks, where every device is both a transceiver (收发机) and a router (路由器) for other devices in the network, eliminates the weakness of cellular architectures, because the elimination of a single node does not disable the network. The final definition of "4G" will have to include something as simple as this: if a consumer can do it at home or in the office while wired to the Internet, that consumer must be able to do it wirelessly in a fully mobile environment.

Let's define "4G" as "wireless collaborated peer-to-peer networking". 4G technology is significant because users joining the network add mobile routers to the network infrastructure. Because users carry much of the network with them, network capacity

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第3题

"As I stood in front of the grave (墓) of President Richard Nixon, I was thinking about the time 25 years ago when this president helped bring the United States and China closer together. Young people of our two countries should help this relationship grow."

This remark was made by a Shanghai student when speaking to his fellow students at the Nixon Library in California, U.S.@A@He' was one of 80 middle school students from China attending a month-long" Youth Summit". The Summit was to mark the 25th anniversary (周年) of President Nixon' s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-U. S. relations.

The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two countries through visits and discussions. Seventy-five American students were selected to visit China. They also visited the Nixon Library on July 21 before leaving for Beijing the next day. The head of the Library said he was pleased to see the American and Chinese students talking and laughing together.

One Chinese student said,"I didn' t find it particularly difficult to talk with Americans. We have our differences, but we have a lot in common. Dialogue is good for us."

Who made the remark?

A．A student.

B．A teacher.

C．A lecture.

D．A president.

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第4题

The draft regulation on rail traffic safety issued by Beijing municipality in February 2014 banned eating and drinking in subway carriages, and said offenders could be fined up to 500 yuan ( $ 80). The heated debate sparked by the proposed move has been revived after the removal of the ban clause from the revised draft. Should eating be banned on subways? What is your opinion? Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Should Eating Be Banned on Subways?

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