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2. After the establishment of new China, the government invested heavily in the railway_______________. In the 1950s and 1960s, several mountain railways were __________________.
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第1题
4. After the establishment of new China, the new government invested heavily in the railway network.
第2题
The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States.The complete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war、While speaking out against Hitler^s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them、In 1937, the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion. American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt’s “quarantine the ag-gressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies.Germany’s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people.The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939, was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich.In August, 1939, came the shock of the Nazi-Soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war.The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich.The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations.A strong national defense program was begun.A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services.A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States.Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere.In August, 1940, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter, which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war.In December，1941，Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor、Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States. One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was________.A.the burning of the Reichstag
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B.German plans for world conquest
C.Nazi barbarism
D.the persecution of religious groups
The Lend-Lease Act was designed to_________.A.help the British
B.strengthen the national defense of the United States
C.promote the Atlantic Charter
D.avenge Pearl Harbor
The American Policy during the years 1935—1936 may be described as being________.A.watchful
B.isolationist
C.peaceful
D.indifferent
The Neutrality Act of 1939 ______.A.permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations
B.antagonized Japan
C.permitted the British to trade only with the Allies
D.led to the Lend-Lease Act
The United States entered the war against Germany________.A.because Germany declared war
B.because Japan was an ally of Germany
C.after Germany had signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact
D.after peaceful efforts had failed
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第3题
Passage Three
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In the 1800's, trains roared into stations. They were symbols of progress and expansion. They played as much of a role in America's history as presidents and generals.
The first American railroads were built in the late 1820's. The early railroads provided cheap transportation for shippers and travelers. To encourage the railroads to expand into unsettled lands, President Millard Fillmore signed a series of landgrant acts (土地拨赠法案) in the 1850's. These acts gave the railroad companies ownership of land that ran along the railways. In return for the land, the railroads carried government traffic at reduced rates. The railroad companies sold much of their land to farmers and cattlemen, who then shipped their goods on the trains.
The importance of the railroads became clear during the Civil War. During the war, trains carried troops, arms, and supplies. One reason that the North won the war is that it had more use of the railroads.
Between 1865 and 1900, railroads grew rapidly. The first transcontinental (跨越全洲的) route was Completed in 1869. This track made it easier for pioneers to cross the Rocky Mountains and settle the West. And the railroads brought new people to the West even before the trains started running. Thousands of Chinese and Irish laborers helped to lay down the tracks.
When were the first American railroads built according to the passage?
A．Around 1800.
B．Around 1830.
C．Around 1860.
D．Around 1890.
第4题
The role of and treatment of the housewife, which is really the major bone of contention in social security reform, has, of course, a major place in feminist thought. Betty Friedan’s book, The Feminine Mystique, which was influential in initiating the current wave of feminism in the United States, centered on the disadvantages to women of assuming the housewife ‘s role. All feminists believe that women should not be forced into assuming it, and that alternative choices should be available. Many feminists, such as the present writer, go further and believe that the disadvantages of the role of housewife are so great that it would be better if younger women were to avoid entering the role even temporarily and ff the "option" to assume the role were to disappear.
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There is a second strand of feminist thought concerning housewives, which derives from the solidarity which feminists feel with all women, housewives included. This solidarity expresses itself in a concern to alleviate injuries (physical and psychological as well as financial) inflicted on housewives by their husbands and by the institutions of society. This second strand is not logically contradictory to the first; it is possible to love the sinner (the housewife herself) while hating the sin (playing the role). Nevertheless, the two strands do tend to cut different ways in terms of policy. Moreover, individual feminist thinkers differ in the emphasis they place on each.
These two strands of feminist thought inspire two kinds of complaints against the social security system -- that some housewives are treated too well and that some housewives are treated not well enough. The housewives who are treated too well are those married to retired men, who are enabled by the system to live at a higher standard than retired working wives whose family had comparable total covered earnings. The housewives who are treated not well enough are those whose dignity is scanted by treatment as a dependent, or those whose marriages end, and whose husbands retain all rights to social security (and private pensions) earned during the marriage.
The solidarity-with-housewives strand of feminist thought results in attitudes which emphasize the housewife's productiveness and give dignity to the position of housewife. It results in policy suggestions which would have the effect of making the woman who becomes and remains a housewife safer, more comfortable, less subject to financial shipwreck, more able to hold up her head as a productive member of society. The most characteristic product of this line of thought is the suggestion that housewives be awarded social security credits for the homemaking work they do. Some credit schemes would require the household to pay taxes in return for the credit; others would not. One merit of homemaker credits in the eyes of the solidarity-with-housewives advocates is that it makes housework and "paid work" more dike, thereby raising the status of house work psychologically and financially. A second merit, of course, is that in the case of divorce the homemaker would keep her credits, and thus would be more financially independent that is the case now.
The author advocates that women ______.
A．should not assume the roles of housewives at all.
B．men should share homemaking with their wives
C．no other roles should be offered to women than being housewives
D．women should assume the roles of housewives only temporarily
第5题
The role of and treatment of the housewife, which is really the major bone of contention in social security reform, has, of course, a major place in feminist thought. Betty Friedan's book, The Feminine Mystique, which was influential in initiating the current wave of feminism in the United States, centered on the disadvantages to women of assuming the housewife's role. All feminists believe that women should not be forced into assuming it, and that alternative choices should be available. Many feminists, such as the present writer, go further and believe that the disadvantages of the role of housewife are so great that it would be better if younger women were to avoid entering the role even temporarily and if the "option" to assume the role were to disappear.
点击查看答案
There is a second strand of feminist thought concerning housewives, which derives from the solidarity which feminists feel with all women, housewives included. This solidarity expresses itself in a concern to alleviate injuries (physical and psychological as well as financial) inflicted on housewives by their husbands and by the institutions of society. This second strand is not logically contradictory to the first; it is possible to love the sinner (the housewife herself) while hating the sin (playing the role). Nevertheless, the two strands do tend to cut different ways in terms of policy. Moreover, individual, feminist thinkers differ in the emphasis they place on each.
These two strands of feminist thought inspire two kinds of complaints against the social security system -- that some housewives are treated too well and that some housewives are treated not well enough. The housewives who are treated too well are those married to retired men, who are enabled by the system to live at a higher standard than retired working wives whose family had comparable total covered earnings. The housewives who are treated not well enough are those whose dignity is scanted by treatment as a dependent, or those whose marriages end, and whose husbands retain all rights to social security (and private pensions) earned during the marriage.
The solidarity-with-housewives strand of feminist thought results in attitudes which emphasize the housewife's productiveness and give dignity to the position of housewife. It results in policy suggestions which would have the effect of making the woman who becomes and remains a housewife safer, more comfortable, less subject to financial shipwreck, more able to hold up her head as a productive member of society. The most characteristic product of this line of thought is the suggestion that housewives be awarded social security credits for the homemaking work they do. Some credit schemes would require the household to pay taxes in return for the credit; others would not. One merit of homemaker credits in the eyes of the solidarity-with-housewives advocates is that it makes housework and "paid work' more alike, thereby raising the status of housework psychologically and financially. A second merit, of course, is that in the case of divorce the homemaker would keep her credits, and thus would be more financially independent that is the case now.
The author advocates that women ______.
A．should not assume the roles of housewives at all
B．men should share homemaking with their wives
C．no other roles should be offered to women than being housewives
D．women should assume the roles of housewives only temporarily
第6题
Before the mid-1860’s, the impact of the railroads in the United States was limited, in the sense that the tracks ended at this Missouri River, approximately the center of the country. At the point the trains turned their freight, mail, and passengers over to steamboats, wagons, and stagecoaches. This meant that wagon freighting, stagecoaching, and steamboating did not come to an end when the first train appeared; rather they became supplements or feeders. Each new "end-of-track" became a center for animal-drawn or waterborne transportation. The major effect of the railroad was }o shorten the distance that had to be covered by the older, slower, and more costly means. Wagon freighters continued operating throughout the 1870’s and 1880’s and into the 1890’s. Although over constantly shrinking routes, and coaches and wagons continued to crisscross the West wherever the rails had not yet been laid. The beginning of a major change was foreshadowed in the later 1860’s, when the Union Pacific Railroad at last began to build westward from the Centre Plains city of Omaha to meet the Central Pacific Railroad advancing eastward from California through the formidable barrier of the Sierra Nevada. Although President Abraham Lincoln signed the original Pacific Railroad bill in 1862 and a revised, financially much more generous version in 1864, little construction was completed until 1865 on the Central Pacific and 1866 on the Union Pacific. The primary reason was skepticism that a Railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert, mountain, and semiarid plain could pay a profit. In the words of an economist, this was a case of "premature enterprise", where not only the cost of construction but also the very high risk deterred private investment. In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the chair of the congressional committee bluntly stated that without government subsidy no one would undertake so unpromising a venture; yet it was a national necessity to link East and West together.
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The author refers to the impact of railroads before the late 1860’s as "limited" because ______.
A．the track did not take the direct route from one city to the next
B．passengers and freight had to transfer to other modes of transportation to reach western destinations
C．passengers preferred stagecoaches
D．railroad travel was quite expensive
第7题
Before the mid-1860’s, the impact of the railroads in the United States was limited, in the sense that the tracks ended at this Missouri River, approximately the center of the country. At the point the trains turned their freight, mail, and passengers over to steamboats, wagons, and stagecoaches. This meant that wagon freighting, stagecoaching, and steamboating did not come to an end when the first train appeared; rather they became supplements or feeders. Each new "end-of-track" became a center for animal-drawn or waterborne transportation. The major effect of the railroad was }o shorten the distance that had to be covered by the older, slower, and more costly means. Wagon freighters continued operating throughout the 1870’s and 1880’s and into the 1890’s. Although over constantly shrinking routes, and coaches and wagons continued to crisscross the West wherever the rails had not yet been laid. The beginning of a major change was foreshadowed in the later 1860’s, when the Union Pacific Railroad at last began to build westward from the Centre Plains city of Omaha to meet the Central Pacific Railroad advancing eastward from California through the formidable barrier of the Sierra Nevada. Although President Abraham Lincoln signed the original Pacific Railroad bill in 1862 and a revised, financially much more generous version in 1864, little construction was completed until 1865 on the Central Pacific and 1866 on the Union Pacific. The primary reason was skepticism that a Railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert, mountain, and semiarid plain could pay a profit. In the words of an economist, this was a case of "premature enterprise", where not only the cost of construction but also the very high risk deterred private investment. In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the chair of the congressional committee bluntly stated that without government subsidy no one would undertake so unpromising a venture; yet it was a national necessity to link East and West together.
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The author refers to the impact of railroads before the late 1860’s as "limited" because ______.
A．the track did not take the direct route from one city to the next
B．passengers and freight had to transfer to other modes of transportation to reach western destinations
C．passengers preferred stagecoaches
D．railroad travel was quite expensive
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