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更多“Read the following thesis stat…”相关的问题
第1题
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
In s perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer—government or private should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However. if there is discrimination against one sex. it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus one would expect that. if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on women's earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs's results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal.
In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of White male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities.) Brown's research design controlled for education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the study's results. Brown's results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.
One can infer from Brown's results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.
Brown's results are clearly consistent with Fuchs's argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on women's earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.
The author would be most likely to agree with which of the following conclusions?
A．Both private employers and government employers discriminate, with equal effects on women's earnings.
B．If private employers and government employers discriminate, the discrimination by private employers has a greater effect on women's earnings.
C．Private employers discriminate; it is possible that government employers discriminate.
D．Private employers discriminate; government employers do not discriminate.
第2题
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
About three-quarters of Americans, according to surveys, think the country is on the wrong track. About two-thirds of the public disapprove of the job performance of President Bush, and an even higher number disdain Congress. The media are excited about the prospect of a wealthy businessman running for President as an independent who could tap into broad public disgruntlement with the partisan politicians in Washington.
2007? Yes. But also 1992. The main difference between the two situations is that Michael Bloomberg is richer—and saner—than Ross Perot. But one similarity might be this: the American people were wrong then and may be wrong now. The widespread pessimism in the early 1990s about the course of the country turned out to be unwarranted. The rest of the decade featured impressive economic growth, a falling crime rate, successful reform. of the welfare system and a reasonably peaceful world. Perhaps the problems weren't so bad in the first place, or perhaps the political system produced politicians, like Bill Clinton, Rudy Giuliani and Newt Gingrich, who were able to deal with the problems. But, in any case, the country got back on course. That's not to say all was well in the 1990s, especially in foreign policy. Responsibilities in places ranging from Bosnia to Rwanda to Afghanistan were shirked, and gathering dangers weren't dealt with. Still, the sour complaints and dire predictions of 1992—oh, my God, the budget deficit will do us in!—were quickly overtaken by events. What's more, the fear of many conservatives that we might be at the mercy of unstoppable forces of social disintegration turned out to be wrong. Indeed, the dire predictions were rendered obsolete so quickly that one wonders whether we were, in 1992, really just indulging in some kind of post-cold-war victory. Sometimes the public mood is...well, moody.
Today we're moody again. We are obviously fighting a difficult and, until recently, badly managed war in Iraq, whose outcome is uncertain. This accounts for much of the pessimism. It also doesn't help that the political system seems incapable of dealing with big problems like immigration, an energy policy and health care. Still, is the general feeling that everything is going to the dogs any more justified today than it was 15 years ago?
Not really. Think of it this way: Have events in general gone better or worse than most people would have predicted on Sept. 12, 2001? There's been no successful second attack here in the U.S.—and very limited terrorist successes in Europe or even in the Middle East. We've had 5.5 years of robust economic growth, low unemployment and a stock-market recovery. Social indicators in the U.S. are mostly stable or improving—abortions, teenage births and teenage drug use are down and education scores are up a bit.
As for American foreign policy since 9-11, it has not produced the results some of us hoped for, and there are many legitimate criticisms of the Bush Administration's performance. But, in fact, despite the gloom and doom from critics left and right (including, occasionally, me), the world seems to present the usual mixed bag of difficult problems and heartening developments.
The key question, of course, is the fate of Iraq. A decent outcome—the defeat of alameda in what it has made the central front in the war on terrorism and enough security so there can be peaceful rule by a representative regime—seems to me achievable, if we don't lose our nerve here at home. With success in Iraq, progress elsewhere in the Middle East will be easier. The balance sheet is uncertain. But it is by no means necessarily grim.
According to the text, what might have happened in 1992?
A．The Americans had unwarranted pessimism about their state affairs.
B．A wealthy businessman made his way into the white house.
C．Slow economic progress with political crises prevailed the US.
D．The media were unhappy about businessman running for the office.
第3题
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
To enjoy a longer life has been a dream for mankind since always. With the improvement of health care, nutrition and health knowledge, we began to make dramatic efforts to reduce the effects of the forces that had traditionally shortened human existence.
10 million to 17 million people aged 65 or older made up less than 1 percent of the world's population in 1900. Survival rates began to climb for infants, children and women of childbearing age, gradually lifting humanity's average life span. By 2000, 606 million were aged 60 or older, and they made up almost 10 percent of the world's population. According to the United Nations report World Population Prospects, by 2050 that group could swell to 1.9 billion and constitute one fifth of the world's projected population.
But it is not all about to live a longer life. And it would not be such a good idea to live your last years in illness and pain. In fact, it would turn into a torture. No, we want to live better, more youthful days while we're living longer. Diet, exercise and a lucky draw from the gene pool can take us only so far, however. That's where science comes in.
As medicine tries to find out the means to extend life, culture and its institutions will have to deal with the consequences of success. Age-entitlement programs, such as Social Security, were formed when younger workers far outnumbered retirees, who drew benefits for only a few years; what reforms will longer lives require? When savings are used up by parents who may be retired for up to one third of their lives? And, equally important, how will we make our extra years emotionally rewarding and rich?
Medicine will continue to advance, and, we expect, society and policymakers will have to learn to adapt to the challenges of longevity-both providing it and providing for it-that await us all.
Which one of the following is not mentioned in paragraph 1 as the motivation for people to try to live a longer life?
A．We now have better equipment in hospitals.
B．We are now better informed about how to live a healthy life.
C．We know what kind of food would do us good, and what wouldn't.
D．We are now better financially supported when we get old.
第4题
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Some time ago, I discovered that one of the chairs in my front hall had a broken leg; I didn't foresee any great difficulty in getting it mended, as there are a whole lot of antique shops on Pimlico Road which is three minutes' walk from my flat, so I set forth one morning carrying the chair with me. I went into the first shop confidently expecting a friendly reception, with a kindly man saying, "What a charming chair! Yes, that's quite a simple job. When would you want it back?"
I was quite wrong. I wasn't too concerned; after all, it was only the first try and there are many more shops on both sides of the road.
The reaction at the second shop, though slightly politer, was just the same, and at the third and the fourth—so I decided that my approach must be wrong.
I entered the fifth shop with some confidence because I had thought of a plan. I placed the chair gently on the floor, then the rather fierce shop owner looked it over carefully and said, "Yes, not a bad little chair, how much do you want for it? '"￡20," I said. "It's got a slightly broken leg," I said. "Yes, I saw that. It's nothing; don't worry about it."
"What will you do with it?" I asked. "Oh, it will be very saleable once the repair is done, I like the bit of old green velvet on the top, I shall leave that, yes, very saleable." "I'll buy it," I said. "Yes, I know, but I've changed my mind; as a matter of fact, it is just what I'm looking for. I've got a pair to it at home; I'll give you ￡27 for it." "You must be crazy," he said; then suddenly the penny dropped and he smiled and said, "I know what you want, you want me to mend your chair."
"And what would you have done if I had walked in and asked you to repair it for me? .... I wouldn't have done it," he said. "We don't do repairs, not enough money in it and too much of a nuisance(麻烦事情), but I'll mend this for you."
The author was not worried about the broken leg of the chair at first because ______.
A．his flat was very near the antique shops
B．he knew it was easy to mend it
C．there were so many antique shops selling chairs
D．he thought it was easy for him to find someone to repair it
第5题
Directions :
Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark
your answers on, ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1
Today, in many high schools, teaching is now a technical miracle of computer labs, digital cameras, DVD players and laptops. Teachers e-mail parents, post messages for students on online bulletin boards, and take attendance with a quick movement of a mouse.
Even though we are now living in the digital age, the basic and most important element of education-the human connection-has not changed. Most students still need that one-on-one, teach-er-student relationship to learn and to succeed. Teenagers need instruction in English, math or his- tory, but they also want personal advice and encouragement. Kids talk with me about their fami-lies, their weekend plans, their favorite TV shows and their relationship problems. In my English and journalism classes, we talk about Shakespeare and persuasive essays, but we also discuss col- lege basketball and career choices. Students show me pictures of their rebuilt cars, their family va- cations, and their newborn baby brothers. This personal connection is the vital link between teacher and student that no amount of technology can improve upon or replace.
A few years ago I had a student in sophomore English who was struggling with my class and with school in general. Although he was a humorous young man who liked to joke around, I knew his family life was far from ideal. Whenever I approached him about missing homework or low test grades, he always had the same reply: "It doesn' t matter because I' m quitting school anyway. "
Even though he always said this in a half-teasing way, I knew he needed to hear my protests and my "value of a high school education" lecture. He needed to hear this speech from me because I understood his family problems and he knew that I believed in him. After he left my class, he struggled through the next two years of school. But, he did finally graduate because we kept telling him to hang in there. We'd cared about him finishing school.
Students rely on compassionate teachers to guide, to tutor, to listen, to laugh and to cry with them. Teachers provide the most important link in the educational process-the human one.
46. The first paragraph mainly discusses_________
[A] the variety of modern teaching methods
[ B ] the importance of teacher-parent relationships
[ C] the importance of online contact with students -
[D] the wide use of modern technology in education
第6题
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
When a 13-year-old Virginia girl started sneezing, her parents thought it was merely a cold. But when the sneezes continued for hours, they called in a doctor. Nearly two months later the girl was still sneezing, thousands of times a day, and her case had attracted worldwide attention.
Hundreds of suggestions, ranging from "put a clothes pin on her nose" to "have her stand on her head" poured in. But nothing did any good. Finally, she was taken to Johns Hopkins Hospital where Dr. Leo Kanner, one of the world's top authorities on sneezing, solved the baffling (难以理解的) problem with great speed.
He used neither drugs nor surgery for, curiously enough, the clue for the treatment was found in an ancient superstition about the amazing bodily reaction we call the sneeze. It was all in her mind, he said, a view which Aristotle, some 3,000 years earlier, would have agreed with heartily.
Dr. Kanner simply gave a modern psychological interpretation to the ancient belief that too much sneezing was an indication that the spirit was troubled; and he began to treat the gift accordingly.
"Less than two days in a hospital room, a plan for better scholastic and vocational adjustment, and reassurance about her unreasonable fear of tuberculosis quickly changed her from a sneezer to an ex-sneezer," he reported.
Sneezing has always been a subject of wonder, awe and puzzlement. Dr. Kanner has collected thousands of superstitions concerning it. The most universal one is the custom of begging for the blessing of God when a person sneezes--a practice Dr. Kanner traces back to the ancient belief that a sneeze was an indication that the sneezer was possessed of an evil spirit. Strangely, people the world over still continue the custom with the traditional, "God bless you" or its equivalent.
When scientists look at the sneeze, they see a remarkable mechanism which, without any conscious help from you, takes on a job that has to be done. When you need to sneeze you sneeze, this being nature's clever way of getting rid of an annoying object from the nose. The object may be just some dust in the nose which nature is striving to remove.
The girl sneezed continuously because she ______.
A．was ill
B．was mentally ill
C．had heavy mental burden
D．had attracted world-wide attention
第7题
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
Say the word bacteria, and most folks conjure up images of a nasty germ like staphylococcus or salmonella that can make you really sick. But most bacteria aren't bad for you. In fact, consuming extra amounts of some bacteria can actually promote good health. These beneficial bacteria are available without a prescription in drug and health-food stores and in foods like yogurt. So far, the best results have been seen in the treatment of diarrhea, particularly in children. But re searchers are also looking into the possibility that beneficial bacteria may thwart vaginal infections in women, prevent some food allergies in children and lessen symptoms of Crohn's disease, a relatively rare but painful gastrointestinal disorder.
So where have these good germs been lurking all your life? In your intestines, especially the lower section called the colon, which harbors at least 400 species of bacteria. Which ones you have depends largely on your environment and diet. An abundance of good bacteria in the colon generally crowds out stray bad bacteria in your food. But if the bad outnumber the good—for example, after antibiotic treatment for a sinus or an ear infection, which kills normal intestinal germs as well—the result can be diarrhea.
For generations, people have restored the balance by eating yogurt, buttermilk or other products made from fermented milk. But nowadays, you can also down a few pills that contain freeze-dried germs. These preparations are called probiotics to distinguish them from antibiotics. Unfortunately, you can't always be sure that the bacteria in the products you buy are the same strains as those listed on the label or even that they're still alive. Probiotics are usually sensitive to both heat and moisture. Among the most promising and most thoroughly researched probiotics is the GG strain of Laetobacillus, discovered by Dr. Sherwood Gorbach and biochemist Barry Goldin, both at Tufts University School of Medicine. L-GG, as it's called, has been used to treat traveler's diarrhea and intestinal upsets caused by antibiotics. Even more intriguing, L-GG also seems to work against some viruses, including rotavirus, one of the most common causes of diarrhea in children in the U.S. and around the world. Here the effect is indirect. Somehow L-GG jump-starts the immune system into recognizing the threat posed by the virus.
Pediatricians at Johns Hopkins are studying a different bug, the Bb-12 strain of Bifidobacterium, which was discovered by researchers at CHR Hansen Biosystems. Like L-GG, Bb-12 stimulates the immune system. For reasons that are not dear, infants who are breast-fed have large amounts of bifidobacteria in their intestines. They also have fewer intestinal upsets. Dr. Jose Saavedra and colleagues at Hopkins have shown that Bb-12 prevents several types of diarrhea, including that caused by rotavirus, in hospitalized infants as young as four months. It has also been used to cure diarrhea in children of all ages.
What the author mainly intends to say in the first paragraph is ______.
A．that nasty germs can make you really sick
B．that the word bacteria doesn't refer to the germs which make people sick
C．the beneficial effects that most bacteria may produce on human body
D．the possibility that beneficial bacteria may stop vaginal infections in women
第8题
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
Advertising sells its products by offering seductive promises of youth, beauty, health, money, ease, romance, better lifestyle, even time. There's no logical connection between a car and a cougar, but the image is powerful and presented with sophistication. We buy it and we may well buy the product.
When it comes to advertising, let the buyer beware. There are several less-than-candid techniques which advertisers use to get our attention. A product may be filmed or photographed in such a way to make it appear bigger, better, or more luscious. A product may be presented as being "unique", "one-of-a-kind", or "supreme", when in fact it's identical to other products on the market. A product may claim to be "new" or "improved" when only an insignificant change has been made.
Finally, an advertiser may offer distorted truths or even tell outright lies. It takes a while for the government or the competition to catch up with false claims in advertising. Meanwhile, the public has been led to believe that a mouth wash can cure the common cold, or that bee pollen retards aging in human skin.
The consumer's best defense is awareness. He can listen to, but not learn, the emotional message broadcast by the ad. He can distinguish between what the ad pretends to offer and what it is really selling. A face cream, for example, can only do so much. It can reduce dryness and provide temporary smoothness and moisture to the skin. But it is made in a factory, not in a magician's study. It cannot turn back the clock.
According to the author, many of the promises made by the advertiser are ______.
A．true
B．reliable
C．not true
D．emotive
第9题
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
Some people talk about immigration in terms of politics, some in terms of history. But the core of the matter is numbers. The Labor Department says that immigrants make up about 15 percent of the work force. It's estimated that a third of those are undocumented workers. The Pew Hispanic Center estimates that one in four farmhands in the United States is an undocumented immigrant, and that they make up a significant portion of the people who build our houses, clean our office buildings and prepare our food.
America has become a nation dependent on the presence of newcomers, both those with green cards and those without. Business leaders say agriculture, construction, meatpacking and other industries would collapse without them.
Sure, it would be great if everyone were here legally, if the immigration service weren't such a disaster that getting a green card is a life's work. It would be great if other nations had economies robust enough to support their citizens so leaving home wasn't the only answer. But at a certain point public policy means dealing not only with how things ought to be but with how they are. Here's how they are: these people work the jobs we don't want, sometimes two and three jobs at a time. They do it on the cheap, which is tough, so that their children won't have to, which is good. They use services like hospitals and schools, which is a drain on public coffers, and they pay taxes, which contribute to them.
Immigration is never about today, always about tomorrow, an exercise in that thing some native-born Americans seem to have lost the knack for: deferred gratification. It's the educated man who arrived in the Washington D.C., area and took a job doing landscaping, then found work as a painter, then was hired to fix up an entire apartment complex by someone who liked his work ethic. He started his own business and wound up employing others. Does it matter that he arrived in this country with no work visa if he is now supporting the nation's economy?
If any towns, whose aging populations were on the wane before the immigrants arrived, succeed in driving newcomers away, those who remain will find themselves surrounded by empty storefronts, deserted restaurants and houses that will not sell. It's the civic equivalent of starving to death because you don't care for the food. But at least everyone involved can tell themselves their town wasted away while they were speaking English.
It is estimated that ______ of US workforce is made up of undocumented immigrants.
A．15 percent
B．one third
C．4.5 percent
D．one in four
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