For a random variable [图], its characteristic fun...

SECTION B INTERVIEW

Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview.

听力原文： Interview with Peter Moore, the Chief-Engineer of OPEL

Interviewer: The cars you are making today will come to the market in the year 2000. 'Will there be any fundamental changes?

Mr. Moore: No, the time is too short for such kind of changes. It takes 5 years at a minimum to develop a completely new car. For engines it takes even a longer time. The engine for one model usually serves for 15 or even 20 years, and there are only slight changes during this period. There is also a certain insistence on a big automaker's mind that it should keep its characteristic style. which makes its cars different. That is to say in spite of the changes an Opel still has to look like an Opel at least within several years' time. That’s why there won't be any revolutionary changes in the next few years. I would say it will only be a step by step evolution.

Interviewer: What are your major considerations in the development of a new car?

Mr. Moore: The first and most important thing is to lower the consumption of petrol. So that we will not only have an economical ear, but also an environmentally friendly one. The active and passive safetiesfor the passengers are also very important. Last but not least, a car should be comfortable and provide all facilities for an enjoyable ride. I think building a car for the future with these considerations Will lead us to success.

Interviewer: Yes, at the moment it seems to become increasingly important to make a car enjoyable. The cars are becoming faster and faster.

Mr. Moore: That's right. Today a 100 HP-engine is more powerful than a 100 HP-engine 10 years ago. In this area, automakers really have achieved a great deal in increasing the efficiency of the engine.

Interviewer: But do we actually need faster cars? Our cities are almost totally blocked up with traffic; our highways are so crowded that at any time of the day it is impossible to drive fast. The average speed in the city during rush hours is only about 20 km an hour. Everyone on a bicycle could be faster than that.

Mr. Moore: But that is only the case during rush hours. On the highways, I think there are enough opportunities for you to drive fast. People do need to drive fast in certain occasions. Besides, driving fast is a lot of fun. The increased efficiency also brings about a positive effect. Today all our cars use considerably less petrol than only a few years ago. The average consumption of petrol for all Opel models ranges about 7. 45 liters per 100 kilometers. It was even hard to imagine 10 years ago.

Interviewer: How are the chances for alternative fuels like hydrogen and electricity?

Mr. Moore: From the technical point of view alternatives like methanol or alcohol are no problem. But they are still too expensive and for this reason have no big chances. Regarding the hydrogen there still exist technical problems. The amount of hydrogen that can be carried on a car as its fuel is simply still too limited. As to the electro-car we should not forget that the electrical power has to be generated first. Here are the existing problems with the power-stations. Another problem is the weight. For carrying as much energy as what is contained in a 70-11ter petrol-tank, we would need a battery weighing 2.5 tons. I'm sure the electro-car will continue to develop we already have experimental electro-cars in use—but it's impossible for them to play the main role in transport within the next few years.

Interviewer: What about solar energy? What do you think of the so-called "solar-car"?

Mr. Moore: There is still a g

A．is too short to include great changes

B．is completely different from the old models

C．will try hard to keep its characteristic style

D．is not greatly different from the old models

SECTION B INTERVIEW

Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview.

听力原文： Interview with Peter Moore, the Chlef-Fngineer of OPEL

Interviewer: The cars you are making today will come to the market in the year 2000. Will there be any fundamental changes?

Mr. Moore: No, the time is too short for such kind of changes. It takes 5 years at a minimum to develop a completely new car. For engines it takes even a longer time. The engine for one model usually serves for 15 or even 20 years, and there are only slight changes during this period. There is also a certain insistence on a big automaker's mind that it should keep its characteristic style. which makes its cars different. That is to say in spite of the changes an Opel still has to look like an Opel at least within several years' time. That's why there won't be any revolutionary changes in the next few years. I would say it will only be a step by step evolution.

Interviewer: What are your major considerations in the development of a new car?

Mr. Moore: The first and most important thing is to lower the consumption of petrol. So that we will not only have an economical car, but also an environmentally friendly one. The active and passive safeties for the passengers are also very important. Last but not least, a car should be comfortable and provide all facilities for an enjoyable ride. I think building a car for the future with these considerations will lead us to success.

Interviewer: Yes, at the moment it seems to become increasingly important to make a car enjoyable. The cars are becoming faster and faster.

Mr. Moore: That's right. Today a 100 HP-engine is more powerful than a 100 HP-engine 10 years ago. In this area, automakers really have achieved a great deal in increasing the efficiency of the engine.

Interviewer: But do we actually need faster cars? Our cities are almost totally blocked up with traffic; our highways are so crowded that at any time of the day it is impossible to drive fast. The average speed in the city during rush hours is only about 20 km an hour. Everyone on a bicycle could be faster than that.

Mr. Moore: But that is only the case during rush hours. On the highways, I think there are enough opportunities for you to drive fast. People do need to drive fast in certain occasions. Besides, driving fast is a lot of fun. The increased efficiency also brings about a positive effect. Today all our cars use considerably less petrol than only a few years ago. The average consumption of petrol for all Opel models ranges about 7.45 liters per 100 kilometers. It was even hard to imagine 10 years ago.

Interviewer: How are the chances for alternative fuels like hydrogen and electricity?

Mr. Moore: From the technical point of view alternatives like methanol or alcohol are no problem. But they are still too expensive and for this reason have no big chances. Regarding the hydrogen there still exist technical problems. The amount of hydrogen that can be carried on a car as its fuel is simply still too limited. As to the electro-car we should not forget that the electrical power has to be generated first. Here are the existing problems with the power-stations. Another problem is the weight. For carrying as much energy as what is contained in a 70-liter petrol-tank, we would need a battery weighing 2.5 tons. I'm sure the electro-car will continue to develop —we already have experimental electro-cars in use —but it's impossible for them to play the main role in transport within the next few years.

Interviewer: What about solar energy? What do you think of the so-called "solaf-car"?

Mr. Moore: There is still a great deal of research

A．is too short to include great changes

B．is completely different from the old models

C．will try hard to keep its characteristic style

D．is not greatly different from the old models

SECTION B INTERVIEW

Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.

Now listen to the interview.

听力原文： Interview with Peter Moore, the Chlef-Fngineer of OPEL

Interviewer: The cars you are making today will come to the market in the year 2000. Will there be any fundamental changes?

Mr. Moore: No, the time is too short for such kind of changes. It takes 5 years at a minimum to develop a completely new car. For engines it takes even a longer time. The engine for one model usually serves for 15 or even 20 years, and there are only slight changes during this period. There is also a certain insistence on a big automaker's mind that it should keep its characteristic style. which makes its cars different. That is to say in spite of the changes an Opel still has to look like an Opel at least within several years' time. That's why there won't be any revolutionary changes in the next few years. I would say it will only be a step by step evolution.

Interviewer: What are your major considerations in the development of a new car?

Mr. Moore: The first and most important thing is to lower the consumption of petrol. So that we will not only have an economical car, but also an environmentally friendly one. The active and passive safeties for the passengers are also very important. Last but not least, a car should be comfortable and provide all facilities for an enjoyable ride. I think building a car for the future with these considerations will lead us to success.

Interviewer: Yes, at the moment it seems to become increasingly important to make a car enjoyable. The cars are becoming faster and faster.

Mr. Moore: That's right. Today a 100 HP-engine is more powerful than a 100 HP-engine 10 years ago. In this area, automakers really have achieved a great deal in increasing the efficiency of the engine.

Interviewer: But do we actually need faster cars? Our cities are almost totally blocked up with traffic; our highways are so crowded that at any time of the day it is impossible to drive fast. The average speed in the city during rush hours is only about 20 km an hour. Everyone on a bicycle could be faster than that.

Mr. Moore: But that is only the case during rush hours. On the highways, I think there are enough opportunities for you to drive fast. People do need to drive fast in certain occasions. Besides, driving fast is a lot of fun. The increased efficiency also brings about a positive effect. Today all our cars use considerably less petrol than only a few years ago. The average consumption of petrol for all Opel models ranges about 7.45 liters per 100 kilometers. It was even hard to imagine 10 years ago.

Interviewer: How are the chances for alternative fuels like hydrogen and electricity?

Mr. Moore: From the technical point of view alternatives like methanol or alcohol are no problem. But they are still too expensive and for this reason have no big chances. Regarding the hydrogen there still exist technical problems. The amount of hydrogen that can be carried on a car as its fuel is simply still too limited. As to the electro-car we should not forget that the electrical power has to be generated first. Here are the existing problems with the power-stations. Another problem is the weight. For carrying as much energy as what is contained in a 70-liter petrol-tank, we would need a battery weighing 2.5 tons. I'm sure the electro-car will continue to develop —we already have experimental electro-cars in use —but it's impossible for them to play the main role in transport within the next few years.

Interviewer: What about solar energy? What do you think of the so-called "solaf-car"?

Mr. Moore: There is still a great deal of research

A．is too short to include great changes

B．is completely different from the old models

C．will try hard to keep its characteristic style

D．is not greatly different from the old models

Which one of the following solutions is the author in favor of for the business of cost control?

A．Football clubs must implement the team salary caps.

B．Football clubs should have its characteristic way of controlling costs.

C．Football clubs should not be commercially-oriented.

D．Some football clubs could learn from the select band of clubs.

It's almost the end of summer for the first annual contest to choose the best operating monopoly in America. Five contestants are selected. Each exhibits fine monopolistic characteristics and is worthy of serious consideration for the award.

The U.S. Postal Service claims to be the longest-running monopoly and has the distinction of having its control over First Class mail prescribed by the Constitution. The monopoly has preserved large flows of revenues and high wage rates despite studies showing that private companies could carry the mail more efficiently at much lower cost. On the other hand, the position of the Postal Service has been eroded: first, by successful competition on package delivery; second, by the recent entry of express delivery services; and third, and potentially most damaging, by the introduction of the fax machine. Since faxes are bound to supplant(取代) a substantial fraction of First Class letters, the failure to get Congress to classify a fax as First Class mall and, hence, the exclusive domain of the post office shows a remarkable loss of political muscle. Thus, despite past glories, it is hard to be sanguine(乐观的) about the long-term prospects of the post office as a flourishing monopoly.

OPEC was impressive in generating billions of dollars for its members. To understand the functioning of this cartel(卡特尔) it's important to sort out the good guys from the bad. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait have typically held oil production below capacity and thereby kept prices above the competitive level. While Libya and Iraq have produced as much as they could and thereby kept prices low. The former were responsible for the vast expansion of oil revenues. But unfortunately, these countries could not keep the other OPEC members in line and were also able to exclude new producers or prevent conservation by consumers.

Most cable TV companies have government-issued licenses that keep competitors out. Thus, this business supports the hypothesis that private monopolies aren't sustainable for long unless they have the weight of government behind them. The rapid escalation of prices and the limitations on services seem, however, to be getting customers and their congressional representatives progressively more annoyed. Thus, it would not be surprising if legislative action leads soon to a deterioration of the cable companies' monopoly power.

Officials of Ivy League universities have been able to meet in semi-public forums to set rules that determine prices of admission as a function of applicant characteristics, especially financial resources. The universities have more or less successfully applied a high moral tone to the process: Rich applicants are charged more than the competitive price for schooling in order to subsidize(补贴) the smart poor, but it is unclear why this subsidy should come from the smart rich rather than from taxpayers in general. In any event, the universities' enviable cartel position has been damaged by the unenlightened Justice Department. 'Since most of the universities involved have agreed to stop these practices, it may be that future prices for private higher education will come closer to being competitively determined.

The final contestant, the NCAA, has been remarkably successful in holding down "salaries" paid to college athletes. It would be one thing merely to collude to determine price ceilings, but the NCAA has also managed to monopolize all the moral arguments. The NCAA has the much more difficult task of defending a policy that prevents many poor individuals from earning money. Incredibly, this defense has been so successful that it has even allowed the organization to maintain the moral high ground. When the NCAA maintains its cartel by punishing schools that violate the rules, almost no one doubts that the evil entities are the schools or people who paid the athletes, rather than the cartel enforcers who prevented from

A．Fine monopolistic characteristics.

B．Large flows of revenues and high wage rates.

C．Its control over First Class mail prescribed by the Constitution.

D．The longest-running monopoly.

In discussing the U.S. jury system, the text centers on______.

A．its nature and problems

B．its characteristics and tradition

C．its problems and their solutions

D．its tradition and development

In discussing the U.S. jury system, the text centers on（ ）

[A] its nature and problents

[B] its characteristics and tradition

[C] its problems and their solutions

[D] its tradition and development