The Yellow River is at the estimated length of ______ kilometers; its total basin area is 742,443 square kilometers.

Chair Co has developed a new type of luxury car seat. The estimated labour time for the first unit is 12 hours but a learning curve of 75% is expected to apply for the first eight units produced. The cost of labour is $15 per hour. The cost of materials and other variable overheads is expected to total $230 per unit.

Chair Co plans on pricing the seat by adding a 50% mark-up to the total variable cost per seat, with the labour cost being based on the incremental time taken to produce the 8th unit.

Required:

(a) Calculate the price which Chair Co expects to charge for the new seat. Note: The learning index for a 75% learning curve is –0·415. (5 marks)

(b) The first phase of production has now been completed for the new car seat. The first unit actually took 12·5 hours to make and the total time for the first eight units was 34·3 hours, at which point the learning effect came to an end. Chair Co are planning on adjusting the price to reflect the actual time it took to complete the 8th unit.

Required:

(i) Calculate the actual rate of learning and state whether this means that the labour force actually learnt more quickly or less quickly than expected. (3 marks)

(ii) Briefly explain whether the adjusted price charged by Chair Co will be higher or lower than the price you calculated in part (a) above. You are NOT required to calculate the adjusted price. (2 marks)

44 The estimated cost to complete (ETC) is _____.

A. BCWP/ACWP

B. the forecasted and final cost - cost to date

C. (ACWP-BCWP)/BCWP * 100

D. Total estimate - ACWP

E. None of the above

126 The estimated cost to complete (ETC) is _____.

A. BCWP/ACWP

B. the forecasted and final cost - cost to date

C. (ACWP-BCWP)/BCWP * 100

D. Total estimate - ACWP

E. None of the above

The estimated cost to complete (ETC) is _____.

A.BCWP/ACWP

B.the forecasted and final cost - cost to date

C.(ACWP-BCWP)/BCWP *

D.Total estimate - ACWP

E.None of the above.

A、-324.5

B、275.5

C、-275.5

D、324.5

China is now experiencing the largest mass migration of people, an estimated 230 million (2010), from the countryside to cities in history. They’ve brought economy boom to cities and life improvement to their own families. However, this migration leaves land in the countryside uncultivated and children of migrant workers poorly educated. How do you think can the migration in China have a balanced development? Write your article in about 140 words in an appropriate style on the answer sheet.

听力原文：(Woman1)Has Dr. Robinson's office called you with the estimate for your dental work?

(Woman2)(A) Our estimated arrival is 4 P.M.

(B) Yes, I'm working hard this week.

(C) No, they're out on vacation.

(29)

A．

B．

C．

It is widely known that languages change over the years, and therefore is not easy to estimate how many languages are currently spoken in the world: the figure commonly known is about 5,000. Most languages are known to belong to language families which can be subdivided into smaller units, referred to as branches. There are at least fifteen language families which are the ancestors of modern languages throughout the world.

  Most languages of Europe except for Basque, Hungarian, or Finnish and the languages of Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India belong to the Indo-European language family. Four of the five official languages of the United Nations are Indo-European (English, French, Russian, and Spanish are Indo-European). It has twelve branches: Romance, Germanic, Slavic, Baltic, Celtic, Iranian, Indic, Tocharian, Anatolian, Armenian, Greek and Albanian. Germanic group includes English, German, Yiddish, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Dutch and a few others. Germanic group shares its similarities in vocabulary and phonology and some are mutually intelligible. With about 350 million speakers, English is spoken in many countries such as the British Isles, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, being the second most spoken language in the world after Chinese. Romance Group includes French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian among which Spanish is the third most spoken language in the world. These languages are also closely related to each other.

  There are various theories about how Indo-European languages came to spread out to Europe and Western Asia, but the most dominant one presumes that the Indo-European language family originated from the Black Sea during the Neolithic period about 7000BC, spreading west to Europe between 3500BC and 2500BC, south to the Mediterranean, north to Scandinavia, and east to India.

  Scattered throughout Asia and Europe are a few smaller language families among which the Altaic Family is named after the Alti Mountains, in Central Asia where nomadic people lived in the plains. Of the three branches of Altaic, Turkic ranges from Anatolia to the Volga basin and central Asia; Mongolian from China and Mongolia to the lower Volga and Afghanistan; Manchu-Tungus from the northern coast of northeastern Siberia to the Amur and to the Yenisei. Korean and Japanese languages are assumed to be remotely related to the Altaic language family, but it is still controversial. Some scholars consider the Altaic languages are related to the Uralic languages and group them as a larger Ural-Altaic language family, but there has been too little evidence to support this.

  Included in the Sino-Tibetan family are about 300 East Asian languages, which are divided into a Sinitic Group and a Tibeto-Burman group. The Sinitic group includes a dozen languages among which Mandarin, spoken by about 700 million people in northern China, is the official language of the People's Republic of China. The Tibeto-Burman group includes many rarely spoken languages, among which are Burmese and Tibetan. The Sino-Tibetan language family has the largest number of speakers, estimated to have 1 billion speakers.

  In addition to the three above mentioned language families, there are other language families such as the Austronesian family, the Afroasiatic family, the Uralic family, the Malayo-Polynesian family and the Caucasian family. A very large majority of the people in the world speaks languages which belong to only one family. There are, however, also languages that cannot be classified into any family known as language isolates.

【简答题】Passage 4 and 5 Read the two passages below and, try to answer the following three questions Passage 4 The largest known creature ever to have flown, an extinct reptile with an estimated wingspan of 51ft, has been discovered by fossil hunters in west Texas. The creature, which lived more than 60 million years ago, had twice the wingspan of the biggest previously known pterodactyl, or winged reptile, and nearly six times the wing-span of the condor, the largest bird now alive. The estimated size of the creature is derived from calculations based on the size of many fragmentary, and some complete bones found in excavations during the past three years at Big Bend national park in Brewster County, Texas. Announcement of the discovery, in the present issue of Science, is expected to rekindle an old debate among palaeontologists over whether flying reptiles flapped their featherless, leathery wings or merely climbed on to high perches and leapt into the air currents to soar like gliders. One scientist familiar with the discovery said that the mammoth size of the newly found creature made improbable the theory that it was able to rise into the air under wing-power alone. He noted, however, that the lack of a reliable estimate of the reptile's weight virtually precluded any calculation of its aerodynamic properties. The fossils were found by Mr. Douglas Lawson, a graduate student at the University of California, who began searching in the Big Bend area while a student at Texas University. His continuing explorations and study of the fossils are being carried out under the auspices of the university's vertebrate palaeontology laboratory. Although the reptile clearly represents a new species, it has not yet been given a formal scientific name. There are many known species of flying reptiles. Scientists generally refer to all as pterosaurs, but the popular name pterodactyl is also considered correct. All are extinct. 'What's so extraordinary about this thing is its tremendous size', Dr. Wann Langston, director of the vertebrate palaeontology laboratory, said. 'There has never been anything like this before.' In his report Mr. Lawson says he has discovered the partial skeletons of three of the large pterosaurs, including the remains of four wings, a neck, the hind legs (forelimbs with claws are frequently part of the wing structure), and jaws, which were toothless. Unlike most previously known pterosaurs, the Big Bend creature was found in non-marine sediments, suggesting that its habitat was away from oceans. Most pterosaurs are considered to have been fish eaters, scooping up their prey while gliding over the waves. The Big Bend fossils were found in fresh-water sediments far from the oceans of that time. In his report Mr. Lawson writes that the reptile's unusually long neck suggests it may have been a carrion-eater, feeding on dead dinosaurs, much as the condors and other vultures of today consume dead animals. Passage 5 Monster could not flap wings The extinct reptile with an estimated wingspan of 51ft, found by fossil hunters in western Texas, would have been a warm-blooded creature, with a furry coat like that of a mammal, according to Mr. Adrian Desmond, of Harvard University museum of comparative zoology. M. Desmond, who is in England writing a book about dinosaurs and pterosaurs, said yesterday that the creature was much larger than any pterosaur - the popular name of which is pterodactyl - found before. The one found in 1970 in Soviet Kazakhstan was furry. 'It is wrong to think that the pterodactyl had featherless, leathery wings, because they were warm-blooded creatures, and the one found in Russia had furry wings, and fur on its fingers', he said. 'In that, they were like mammals, although they are called reptiles.' The size of the creature found in the Big Bend national park in Brewster County, Texas, was derived from calculations based on the size of many fragmentary, and some complete bones, excavated over the past three years. Mr. Desmond said that it would not have flapped its wings, because they would be too heavy for the creature to cope with if flapped. It would simply have raised them and floated into the air when it wished to fly. The find is much larger than anything discovered before. The largest one found before the Texas excavation had a wingspan of 23ft, and the latest find is extraordinary because it was never thought that there could be anything bigger. It is very fascinating indeed.' 1) In a paragraph of not more than 100 words, sum up the discovery described in the two passages, saying what is known and what is still not known about the creature.

Glove Co makes high quality, hand-made gloves which it sells for an average of $180 per pair. The standard cost of labour for each pair is $42 and the standard labour time for each pair is three hours. In the last quarter, Glove Co had budgeted production of 12,000 pairs, although actual production was 12,600 pairs in order to meet demand.

37,000 hours were used to complete the work and there was no idle time. The total labour cost for the quarter was $531,930.

At the beginning of the last quarter, the design of the gloves was changed slightly. The new design required workers to sew the company’s logo on to the back of every glove made and the estimated time to do this was 15 minutes for each pair. However, no-one told the accountant responsible for updating standard costs that the standard time per pair of gloves needed to be changed. Similarly, although all workers were given a 2% pay rise at the beginning of the last quarter, the accountant was not told about this either. Consequently, the standard was not updated to reflect these changes.

When overtime is required, workers are paid 25% more than their usual hourly rate.

Required:

(a) Calculate the total labour rate and total labour efficiency variances for the last quarter. (2 marks)

(b) Analyse the above total variances into component parts for planning and operational variances in as much detail as the information allows. (6 marks)

(c) Assess the performance of the production manager for the last quarter. (7 marks)