The opposite of a three-dimensional character is ______.

A．Because people differ in their behavioral and physical characteristics.

B．Because human fingerprints provide unique information.

C．Because people's behavior. can be easily described in words.

D．Because human faces have complex features.

听力原文： All the characteristics and abilities a person acquires and all developmental changes result from two basic, though complex, processes: learning and maturation. Since the two processes almost always interact, it is difficult to separate their effects from each other or to specify the relative contribution of each to a child's development. Clearly, growth in height is not learned but depends on maturation, a biological process. But improvements in motor activities such as walking depend on maturation and learning, and the interaction between them.

What, then, are maturation and learning? Developmental psychologists are not entirely in agreement, though there is a common core of accepted meaning. Thus all definitions of maturation stress organic processes or structural changes occurring within an individual's body that are relatively independent of external environmental conditions, experiences, or practice. By maturation, it is meant development of the organism as a function of time, or age.

Learning has also been defined in diverse ways, but the term generally refers to changes in behavior. or performance as a consequence of experience. Learning is the process by which an activity originates or is changed through training procedures as distinguished from changes not attributable to training.

A number of important and stimulating theories of learning have been proposed, each with its own set of principles and hypotheses for explaining the learning process. For our purposes, we do not need to be concerned with the specific details of the learning process, even though learning plays the most important role in most aspects of development and change. We shall employ only a few generally accepted principles of learning in this discussion.

Specifically, we accept the principle that a child will learn a response more effectively and more thoroughly if he is motivated to learn it. Moreover, he will learn a response better if he is rewarded for learning it. According to this view, the more a response is rewarded, the stronger it becomes and the more likely it is to be repeated. 'Although most learning involves motivation and reward, I believe some learning does occur without them. As for the interrelationships between maturation and learning process, a general principle may be provided: maturation is essential to learning.

As is stated in the passage, learning ______.

A．is generally a complex biological process

B．has nothing to do with organic development

C．is mostly independent of external environmental conditions

D．is directed to changes that can be attributed to training

A、cell shrinkage

B、DNA fragmentation

C、plasma membrane rupture

D、blebbing

______ sex has its own physical and psychological characteristics．

A．Every

B．Each

C．Both

D．Neither

A、cell shrinkage

B、plasma membrane rupture

C、blebbing

D、apoptotic body formation

A、Invade the respiratory tract and multiply in airway epithelial cells

B、Only cause local infection of the respiratory tract, and do not cause any pathological changes other than the respiratory tract

C、Clinical manifestations of the diseases caused by respiratory viruses are different

D、Coronavirus belongs to respiratory viruses

E、What coronaviruses cause are all severe acute respiratory syndrome

?Read the article below about employees.

?Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.

?For each gap 8--12, mark one letter (A--G) on your Answer Sheet.

?Do not use any letter more than once.

A CONDENSED EMPLOYEE LIFE CYCLE

An employee life cycle is the steps the employees go through from the time they enter a company until they leave. Often Human Resources professionals focus their attention on the steps in this process in hopes of making an impact on the company's bottom line. That is a good thing for them to do. Their goal is to reduce the company's cost per employee hired. Employees are one of a company's largest expenses these days. Unlike other major capital costs (buildings, machinery, technology, etc.) human capital is highly volatile. You, as a manager, are in a key position to reduce that volatility using the condensed employee life cycle of HIAR ( pronounced hire)--Hire, Inspire, Admire, Retire.

Hire: This first step is probably the most important. It is important to hire the best people you can find. (8) The cost of replacing a bad hire far exceeds the marginal additional cost of hiring the best person in the first place.

Inspire: Once you have recruited the best employees to come to work on your team, the hard part begins. You have to inspire them to perform. to their capabilities. (9) That is where you will get their best effort and their creativity that will help your organization excel.

Admire: Once you have hired the best employees and have challenged and motivated them, you can not relax. (10) The same attention you paid to their work assignments, to their satisfaction levels, to their sense of being part of a great team, needs to continue for as long as they are in your group. As soon as you start to slack off, their satisfaction and motivation decrease. If you don't do something, they will become disenchanted and will leave. They will become part of the "employee turnover" statistic you were trying to avoid.

Retire: This is when you know you have been successful. When employees see your company as the employer of choice, they will join you. (11) As long as you continue to inspire, motivate, and challenge them, they will continue to contribute at the high levels you need in order to beat your competition. They Will be long-term employees; even staying with you and your company until they retire. (12) You will attract and retain the second and even third generation employees.

A This is not a time to be cheap.

B When they recognize you as a good boss and a real leader, they will stay around.

C To the extent that you can be a good boss, you can keep employees, keep them happy, and reduce the costs associated with employee turnover.

D Their goal is to reduce the company's cost per employee hired.

E The biggest mistake a manager can make is to ignore employees.

F You have to challenge and motivate them.

G They will refer other quality employees to your company, including their relatives.

(8)

Competition, they believe, ______ the national character rather than corrupts it.

A．enforces

B．confirms

C．intensifies

D．strengthens