Who is the director of film Saving Private Ryan？

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Data security used to be all about spending big bucks on firewalls to defend data at the network perimeter and on antivirus software to protect individual computers. Internet-based computing, or cloud computing, has changed all that, at the same time expanding exponentially the chances for data thieves and hackers.

The cloud creates other opportunities too. a handful of security vendors now deliver security as a service--a one-two punch of hardware and software that monitors and manages an enterprise's data security and bills customers only for the computing power they use. "For years, security was about big companies pushing technology to their customers," says Qualys CEO and founder Philippe Courtot. "Now it's about the customers pulling precisely what they need and providing them with those resources on demand. "

Qualys, a privately held company in Redwood Shores, Calif. , was among the first to embrace the service-oriented model, in 1999. Today four different modules of QualysGuard, its flagship offering, are used by more than 3500 organizations in 85 countries. The company performs more than 200 million security audits per year.

Courtot knows something about opportunity. The French entrepreneur arrived in Silicon Valley in 1987 and has built a number of companies into big-time players, including Signio, an electronic-payment start-up that was eventually sold to VeriSign in a combined deal for more than $1 billion. As CEO, he rebuilt Verity and transformed cc:Mail, a once unknown firm of 12 people, into a dominant e-mail platform. before Lotus acquired it in 1991. "Throughout my career, I've been able to recognize that for a technology to succeed, it must have a purpose," he says. "Technology itself has no value. It's what you do with it that counts. "

Under the old paradigm, according to Courtot, enterprises overspent for stand-alone security devices that became unruly and difficult to operate over the long term He says Qualys attacks the flaws in this strategy by streamlining security and tackling most of the service delivery through the cloud. "We control the infrastructure, software updates, quality assurance and just about everything in between," he says. The firm unveiled QualysGuard in 2000. After an infusion of $ 25 million from the venture firm Trident Capital and another $ 25 million from Gourtot, Qualys tweaked the service to focus mostly on vulnerability management.

Much of the company's current revenue-sales, topped $ 50 million last year--is being driving by a set of standards established by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCISSC). "The PCI standard has been a major driver of business for all of them, especially Qualys," says Avivah Litan, a vice president and analyst at market-research firm Gartner. "When everyone has to comply, there's a lot of work to go around. "

The traditional way to ensure data security is by ______.

A．applying for cloud computing

B．installing firewalls and antivirus programs

C．decreasing the chances for hackers

D．using a handful of hardwares and softwares

回答下列各题： Gianni Agnelli, Chairman of Fiat, Italys largest private industrial corporation, is known in Italy as the Lawyer, because he was trained in law at Turin University.That he has never practiced, his training may soon be useful. On April 17th Mr. Agnelli admitted to a group of Italian industrialists in Venice ( 19 ) _________Fiat had been ( 20 ) _________in some corruptions in Italy. On April 21st, Fiats lawyers and Cesare P, omiti, its managing director, met Milan magistrates to (21) _________ the firms involvement in bribery to win business from state-owned companies. Fiat is not the (22) _________ . Italian company caught up in Italys increasing Political corruption scandal. According to the latest figure, some 200 businessmen and politicians were sitting in prison (23) _________a result of judicial inquiries into kickbacks paid to politicians by firms. Hundreds more are still (24) _________ influence of Fiat, (25) _________ sales are equal to 40% of Italys home product, the scandal at the company has (26) _________ the industrial establishment. Though neither Mr. Agnelli (27) _________ Mr. Romiti has been ( 28 ) _________ of wrongdoing,several other senior Fiat managers have allegedly been involved in paying kickbacks to win state-owned contracts. (29) _________ arrested include Francesco Mattiol, Fiats finance director, and Antonio Moscon, the ( 30 ) _________ head of its Toro insurance branch. ( 31 ) _________ men have been (32) _________about their previous roles on the board of Cogefar-Impresit,Fiats construction subsidiary. Last May, Enzo Papi admitted paying a 1.5 million-dollar bribe for a contract, (33) _________ to Milans underground. 第(19)处填写

A.what

B.that

C.when

D.if

When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the government every time. It's Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Maryland's laws against secret telephone taping. It's our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.

Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will. As an example of what's going on, consider U. S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called Member- Works with sensitive customer data such as names, phone numbers, bank-accounts and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers, account balances and credit limits.

With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for dollars—selling dental plans, videogames, computer software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a "free trial offer" had 50 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were Charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. U.S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues. Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They didn't know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was no.

The state sued McmberWorks separately for deceptive selling. The company defends that it did anything wrong. For its part, U.S. Baneorp settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A few top banks decided to de the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms.

And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans. You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields "transaction and experience" information—mainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. They've generally agreed not to sell to the public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book. Self-regulation doesn't work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it?

Take U.S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that "all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential." Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims that it doesn't "sell" your data at all: It merely "shares" it and reaps a profit. Now you know.

Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on people's privacy ______.

A．is mainly carried out by means of secret taping.

B．has been intensified with the help of the IRS.

C．is practiced exclusively by the FBI.

D．is more prevalent in business circles.

When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the government every time. It's Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Maryland's laws against secret telephone taping. It's our hanks, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.

Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.

As an example of what's going on, consider U.S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called Member Works with sensitive customer data such as names, phone numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers, account balances and credit limits.

With these customer lists in hand, Member Works started dialing for dollars-selling dental plans, videogames, computer. software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a "free trial offer" had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. U.S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues. Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They didn't know that the bank was giving account numbers to Member Works. And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was no.

The state sued Member Works separately for deceptive selling. The company defends that it did anything wrong. For its part, U.S. Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to non-financial products sold by outside firms. A few top banks decided to do the same. Many other banks will still do business with Member Works and similar firms.

And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans. You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields "transaction and experience" information--mainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. They've generally agreed not to sell to the public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book. Self-regulation doesn't work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it?

Take U.S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that "all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential". Then it sold your data to Member Works. The bank even claims that it doesn't "sell" your data at all. It merely "shares" it and reaps a profit.

Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on people's privacy______.

A．is mainly carried out by means of secret taping

B．has been intensified with the help of the IRS

C．is practiced exclusively by the FBI

D．is more prevalent in business circles

Like______, Arctic scientists sequestered on the Pole must accustom themselves to long periods of sensory______, and regard all calamities as matters of indifference.

A．predators… immersion

B．ascetics… concentration

C．prelates … adaptation

D．explorers … intransigence

E．stoics… deprivation

Like______, Arctic scientists sequestered on the Pole must accustom themselves to long periods of sensory______, and regard all calamities as matters of indifference.

A．predators… immersion

B．ascetics… concentration

C．prelates … adaptation

D．explorers … intransigence

E．stoics… deprivation

Internet is a global network that connects other computer networks, together with software and protocols for controlling the movement of data. The Internet, often referred to as "the Net", was initiated in 1969 by a group of universities and private research groups funded by the US Department of Defense. It now covers almost every country in the world. Its organization is informal and deliberately nonpolitical its controllers tend to concentrate on technical aspects rather than on administrative control.

The Internet offers users a number of basic services including data transfer, electronic mail, and the ability to access information in remote databases. A notable feature is the existence of user groups, which allow people to exchange information and debate specific subjects of interest. In addition, there are a number of high-level services. For example, MBONE allows the transmission of messages to more than one destination. It is used in videoconferencing. The World Wide Web, known as "the Web", is another high level Internet service, developed in the 1990s in Geneva. It is a service for distributing multimedia information, including graphics, pictures, sounds, and video as well as text. A feature of the World Wide Web is that it allows links to other related documents elsewhere on the Internet. Documents for publication on the Web are presented in a form. known as HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). This allows a specification of the page layout and typography as it will appear on the screen. It also allows the inclusion of active links to other documents. Generally, these appear on the screen display as highlighted text or as additional icons. Typically, the user can use a mouse to "click" on one of these points to load and view a related document. Many commercial and public organizations now have their own Web site (specified by an address code) and publish a "home page", giving information about the organization.

Up to the mid 1990s, the major users of the Internet were academic and research organizations. This has begun to change rapidly with individual home users linking in through commercial access providers and with a growing interest by companies in using the Internet for publicity, sales, and as a medium for electronic publishing. At the same time, there are problems with the flow of information across national borders, bringing in debates about copyright protection, data protection, the publication of pornography, and ultimately political control and censorship.

From the first paragraph, we learn that the Internet______.

A．was initiated by the U.S.Department of Defense in 1969

B．was only able to connect computers into networks at its beginning

C．has not any kind of organization behind it at all

D．works independently of any governmental control

Some who favor putting governmental enterprises into private hands suggest that conservation objectives would in general be better served if private environmental groups were put in charge of operating and financing the national park system, which is now run by the government. Which of the following, assuming that it is a realistic possibility, argues most strongly against the suggestion above?

A．Those seeking to abolish all restrictions on exploiting the natural resources of the parks might join the private environmental groups as members and eventually take over their leadership.

B．Private environmental groups might not always agree on the best ways to achieve conservation objectives.

C．If they wished to extend the park system, the private environmental groups might have to seek contributions from major donors and the general public.

D．There might be competition among private environmental groups for control of certain park areas.

E．Some endangered species, such as the California condor, might die out despite the best efforts of the private environmental groups, even if those groups are not hampered by insufficient resources.

She had heard strange footsteps in the house several times, so she hired a private detective to______the matter.

A．go into

B．put into

C．look into

D．take into