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第1题
第2题
One example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as beriberi(脚气病), which used to afflict large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of this century, a Dutch scientist called Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beriberi. At first he thought it was transmitted by a germ. He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on rice which had had the outer husk removed from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak, sick people to digest. Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed, the chicken in the hospital yard, which were fed on scraps from the patients' plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ fie thought was causing the disease, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who claimed that the huskless rice, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked and the chickens fed on cheap, coarse rice with file outer covering still on the grain. Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unmilled rice somehow prevented or cured beriberi—even that a lack of some ingredient in the husk might be the cause of the disease.
Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beriberi was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husk and is now known as vitamin B. The milled rice, though more expensive, was in fact perpetuating the disease the hospital was trying to cure. Nowadays, this terrible disease is much less common; thanks to our knowledge of vitamins.
Deficiencies of the various vitamins______.
A．cause identical diseases
B．are no; serious except in the case of vitamin C
C．cause different diseases
D．are often caused by scurvy
第3题
A.conspicuous
B.inconspicuous
C.a government facility or station
D.a radio transmitter
第4题
A．Greetings.
B．Being too long.
C．Reiterating what's in the resume.
D．Brilliant language.
第5题
第 1 题 A Letter to the University President
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
第6题
?Which section (A, B, C or D) does each statement (1-7) refer to?
?For each statement (1-7) , mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
?You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
A
Market awareness of the MP3 has exploded and the retailer who specializes in MP3 is seeing growth like never before. Admittedly, some customers buy their first MP3 in the supermarket, but for advice, add-ons and particular services they turn to the specialist. There are a large number of MP3 retailers and I can't help but feel the market only has room for four players. Undoubtedly, customer service is the factor that differentiates operators and I think this year we will probably see rationalization in the sector.
B
When I first started in the industry, MP3 were retailing at a thousand pounds and were as large as box files. Now, prices are constantly being driven down, because they are getting more compact and also there is intense competition between the MP3 providers. This will continue, and while retail dealers' profits will be affected dramatically, MP3 providers will have to generate more revenues by offering more services to the MP3 user.
C
Over a few years, prices have dropped sharply and technological advances have meant products have changed -- and are changing. Successful retailers must try to keep on top of these developments and invest in the training of employees so they are able to offer impartial advice to customers. E-commerce is taking off but this won't necessarily replace traditional retail outlets. In order to stand out, you need innovative ideas on customer service. We don't believe in criticizing other retailers, but there's nothing particularly exciting out there at present.
D
The MP3 business is behaving like the Internet industry in take-up and the pace of innovation, and it's important not to be left behind. We must continue to innovate in delivering the product to the customer. In terms of service provision, you can draw comparisons between us and our closest rival, but clearly all the main MP3 retailers have succeeded in taking the industry forward. Growth has accelerated rapidly and the MP3 has changed from simply being an entertaining tool, to being a multifunctional gadget for everyone.
There is a need for retail staff to stay informed about the MP3 they are selling.
第7题
1. 代表学生会感谢×公司对校内足球赛的赞助
2．向该公司赠送一份很有纪念意义的礼物
3．表达美好的祝愿，希望该公司继续支持本校的各项活动
A Thank-you Letter
第8题
You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below:
1. 1.近年来,本市空气污染情况越来越严重
2.你认为造成空气污染的主要污染源在哪里?应该采取哪些措施?
3.呼吁所有市民积极行动起来,治理空气污染
第9题
Section A Skimming and Scanning Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Non-Verbal Communication Really Matters in Our Daily Work A) There are many well-recognized forms of communicating without words, and even when the main intentional messages are through spoken or written language they are always transmitted or received in non-verbal contexts which may help or hinder the recipient (接受者) in receiving exactly the message the sender intended. Whether or not the two participants communicate effectively depends just as much on their sharing an understanding of the non-verbal signs as on their having a common vocabulary of words. B) The kinds of non-verbal signs we easily recognize are facial expressions, gestures, body postures, and variations in pitch and tone of voice. Actors are skilled in the strict control of these. They are supported by costumes, stage set, furniture, lighting and so on, but the audience must already have learnt to interpret the whole, as any who have attended a Japanese opera will agree. Doctors, like actors, deliberately use many non-verbal signs such as dress. With the transition from preclinical to clinical stage, medical students tend to adopt smooth, dark suits along with the stethoscope (听诊器). A doctor is usually sensitive to the different meanings of receiving patients sitting or standing, of getting up to shake hands or to show them to the door, and of his touch being rude or gentle, and realizes that an anxious mother will more readily hear doom in his pronouncements than will a self-confident one. C) But the doctor-parent relationship is also influenced by rather less well recognized non-verbal cues - the spatial (空间) distance between them, for instance, real or symbolic, and the way in which furniture affects this. Some of these non-verbal factors, which we might learn to control better, are well illustrated by a story that the wife of a colleague told me in a recent visit to hospital. She herself had been trained as a nurse and was by no means unsophisticated in medical ways. She was nevertheless frightened and discouraged more than was necessary, and almost certainly more than the doctor intended, by the non-verbal factors that permeated (渗透，弥漫) the whole climate of the clinical interview. The furniture was arranged so that she sat immediately opposite him at the table. It is well known that conversation takes place more easily when people sit across the corner of a table than opposite each other. Ultimately a round table was agreed upon. D) The importance of furniture in establishing dominance, or making clear what differences of status exist between people who come together to converse, is well illustrated by a court of law. Here the judge sits in a special chair, well above the rest of the people, and has his own door in and out of the court, so that he does not need to mix with the other members, thus stressing his aloofness (置身事外) and authority. This matter of exits and entrances may seem very slight, but sometimes it acquires great importance. E) Returning to my colleague's wife, another non-verbal indication of the patient's lower status was the presence of a row of medical students sitting beside the consultant; this emphasized that she was there not only for herself but as an object on which to teach. She would be questioned and interrupted but would not do so herself. F) What upset her most, however, was that the doctor, sitting at his table and bending over her notes, questioned her without ever raising his head to look into her face. Now perception (感知) of the human face, and especially mutual eye-to-eye contact, is of enormous importance in communication. It begins very early with feeding; a mother tends automatically to look at the baby, and the baby automatically to look at her face, as he takes the nipple into his mouth. Normal babies prefer to look at a picture of a human face rather than any other target. In contrast, autistic (患自闭症的) children, given the choice, prefer to look at animal faces, and enjoy playing with environmental stimuli such as door knobs or electrical switches more than normal children; in social situations their gestures are normal, except that they tend to lower their heads, avoiding their gaze, so that they do not engage in eye-to-eye contact - just as the doctor did in the interview described above. G) The feeling that face-to-face contact is necessary in understanding the person one is talking to is well accepted, but rather less so is the fact that one feels that one is better understood if the other person is or seems to be looking at one. H) My informant's account shows many ways in which the doctor's non-verbal communications isolated him from the patient. Distance between doctor and patient, real or symbolic, spatial or psychological, may be helpful in some cases; but modern doctoring more and more requires cooperation. The witch-doctor is maybe the more powerful for being kept apart, spatially, by dress, habits and reputation; he commands the magic which he uses on behalf of the patient. But in modem medicine the patient has to do a great deal of the curing himself, especially in the area of preventive medicine. Many more subtle clues which convey to the patient that his way to health is through domination rather than self-reliance linger on in the ordinary clinical interview. In many cases, because the doctor is not aware of their power, the symbols are working against him, and not for him. It is very important that the spatial arrangements between doctor and patient, the furniture, equipment and building should all express cooperation and participation rather than domination. 1. The signs of non-verbal communication include facial expressions, gestures, postures, changes in pitch and tone of voice.
第10题
Dear Mr. Grant,
I'm pleased to tell you that we would like to offer you the post of Branch Manager of our Company in Hong Kong. The position is as important as your present job, because this branch is larger. We will give you a 10% increase in salary, and other benefits. Your new job will start at the beginning of November.
Please let me know if you have any questions.
James Brook
General Manager
&8226;You want the job, but there are some problems. Write a letter:
Thanking him for the offer
Giving a reason why you cannot start until December
Asking for a bigger increase in salary
Requesting details about the other benefits.
&8226;Write 60 -80 words.
&8226;Write on your Answer Sheet. Do not include any postal addresses.
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