There are three main parties in USA, Democratic Party, Republican Party and Labour Party。

There are three main political parties in Canada: the Liberal Party, New Democratic Party and ______.

A．the Progressive Party

B．the Conservative Party

C．the Republic Party

D．the Labour Party

There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and ______ .

A．the Liberal Party

B．the Democratic Party

C．the Labour Party

D．the Republican Party

There are two major parties in Britain today, the Conservative Party and the Labour Party, which have been in power by turns since 1945. The two-party system of Britain was formed in the course of the development of the capitalist state and the political parties. In order to strengthen the state machine, the British bourgeoisie have let it come into being and exist in one form. or another form. since the 17th century. P. S. Tregidgo once said: "The more parties there are, the less likely it is that any one of them will be strong enough in Parliament to outvote all the others; but when there are only two, one of them is sure to have a majority of seats. This helps to ensure a strong and stable government." This may be the reason why the British have the two-party system.

The division into two parties grew out of the establishment of a Protestant Church of England in the 16th century. Because of a purely religious difference of opinion, the Puritans were separated from the broad body of the Anglican Church. The Puritan Anglicans were on the side of the King and Church, and their supporters were called by their opponents "Tories". The Puritans were for Parliament and trade, and their supporters were called by the "Tories" "Whigs". The Tories and the Whigs were in power by turns for a long time. In 1833, the Tory party split into two and its name was changed to Conservative. In the 1860s the Whigs became Liberals. From that time on, the Liberals and the Conservatives were in office by turns until 1922. The policies they put into effect were sometimes different, but they were both controlled by the rich.

The working class became more and more unwilling to follow the Conservatives and the Liberals. They wanted to have their own party. So the Labour party was formed by the trade unions. After 1922 the Labour Party gradually replaced the Liberal Party to become one of the two major parties in Great Britain.

What does "it" stand for in the fourth line?

A．The two party system.

B．The state machine.

C．The Partiament.

D．The capitalist state.

Which of the following parties is NOT British?

A．Conservative Party.

B．Labour Party.

C．Liberal Party.

D．Democratic Party.

In Britain, strictly speaking, there are three elements in Parliament—the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Commons is by far the most powerful and important of the three elements in Parliament and the Prime Ministers is the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons. After a general election in Britain, the Crown appoints tile Prime Minister who must be the leader of the party that has won the majority seats in the House of Commons. It is the Prime Minister who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings. He or she actually decides on who will be the other ministers and so on.

The work of each minister is always kept under observation by an unofficial "Shadow Cabinet" organized by the Opposition. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. He or she has the duty to report the government's work to the King or Queen, has the right to direct all the departments, solves the issues between them and approves the decisions of departments, which do not need to be discussed in the Cabinet. He has the last word in deciding government policy.

The Prime Minister not only has the power of appointment but also has the right to reorganize the government, speak for the government in the House of Commons on important decisions and answer the questions of the members of the House of Commons. As he or she is the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons, he or she can control parliament and influence other parties. He or she is the most influential person in Great Britain and in recent years, strong Prime Ministers have

shown a tendency to make policy decisions on their own, in the style. of American Presidents. The Prime Minister works and lives in his or her famous residence, No. 10 Downing Street. h is named after George Downing, a British diplomat in the 17th century and has a history of over two hundred years as the British Prime Minister's residence. The inside of "No. 10" has been reconstructed to suit its purposes. In it there are the Cabinet meeting hall, the Prime Minister' s office and so on. It is here that the Cabinet meets; the Prime Minister receives foreign guests, meets delegations sometimes and does other work. There is an oil painting gallery in which the portraits of all the Prime Ministers, from Robert Walpole to James Callaghan, are placed.

The passage is mainly talking about __________.

A．the Crown in Britain

B．the appointment of the ministers

C．No. 10 Downing Street

D．things about the Prime Minister in Britain

The two major political parties in Britain are the Conservative Party and ______.

A．the Liberal Party

B．the Labor Party

C．the Republican Party

D．the Democratic Party

The two major national parties in America are the Democratic Party and

A．Conservative Party.

B．Liberal Party.

C．Republican Party.

D．Labor Party.

Then main parties in B/L are: ( )

A． shipper and carrier

B． Notify Party and consignee

C．consignor and consignee

D． port agent

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

When British voters go to the polls during General Elections to decide who will govern them they usually have a choice of at least three candidates who will each represent one of the three main political parties in Britain today.

The Labour Party is the party of the left, the Tory or Conservative Party represents the right, and between the two, with policies and opinions of its own, is the smaller Liberal Party.

Britain is divided into over 600 political units known as "constituencies", each with its own candidates who stand for Parliament hoping to be elected (or re-elected) with large majorities. The cities and large towns are themselves divided into constituencies and they also choose the Members of Parliament (MPs) who will represent their views in the Houses of Parliament at Westminster. Here, in the House, the government of the day led by its Prime Minister and his Cabinet—a team of specially selected minister—carries out its duties of governing the country. Various proposals are put forward for debate and discussion and these may, eventually, become part of the law of the land. The government in office has to face the criticism of the other parties which are opposition. This is the sort of democratic process that the majority of British people seem to favour by Her Majesty's Government is watched over by Her Majesty's Opposition, and thus a certain balance of power is maintained. Decisions are made by a majority vote and this, of course, is where the other parties, the Liberals, the National and Regional parties (such as the Scottish or Welsh National Party) and other independent parties can exercise their influence. Some issues may be decided on a mere handful of votes.

Before General Elections most prospective candidates visit their constituencies to canvass for votes by addressing public meetings, talking to people in the streets, publishing political leaflets or by touring the area in cars fitted with loudspeakers. Sometimes quite a carnival atmosphere is created, especially when a candidate in one of the rural districts arrives on horse back or by tractor to attract attention!

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．The three main political parties in Britain.

B．The duties of Prime Minister's Cabinet.

C．The British general election and parliament system.

D．The political units known as constituencies.

Directions: There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D.You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet.

passage1

Questions are based on the following passage.

What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it somethingmore than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say“I wish I could help you but I&39;m short of money myself.”n fact, you are not short of moneybut your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don&39;t want to hurt his feelings byreminding him of this. Is this really a lie ?

Professor Jerald Jellison of the Universityof Southern California has made a scientific studyon lying. (76) According to him, women are better liars thana men, particularly when telling a“white lie,”such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to beparticularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to pofit or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the way people&39;s behavior. changes in a number of small,apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down atthe time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying, “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also, tend to touch certain parts of theface more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slightincrease in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increasedpressures make it itch.

Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book

Manwatching calls "the mouth cover."(77) He says there are several typical forms of this, such as coveting part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part

of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

According to the passage， a "white lie" seems to be a lie __________ 查看材料

A.that other people believe

B.that other people don"t believe

C.told in order to avoid offending someone

D.told in order to take advantage of someone