High culture is also called ‘popular culture’ or ‘mass culture’.

Willy Dewitt-Ornott works in Sales. There is always a sales competition at the year end and the winner is likely to be made team leader. Willy's quite certain that he will be able to win and that he will have more responsibility, which he would like. But he would also have to work much longer hours, and he is quite reluctant to do this for family reasons. If an expectancy equation were used to assess Willy's motivation to work hard at the end of the year, based on the information given, which of the following results would you expect to see?

A、Valence would be high, expectancy high, motivation high

B、Valence would be high, expectancy low, motivation low

C、Valence would be around 0, expectancy high, motivation low

D、Valence would be around 0, expectancy high, motivation high

回答{TSE}题： Eiffel Is all Eyeful Some 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower's wind whipped summitthe world comes to scribble.Japanese,Brazilians, Americans they graffiti theirnames,loves and politics on the cold iron transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on themove. With Paris laid out in miniature below, it seems strange thatvisitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admiring the view.But the graffiti also raises a question: Why, nearly 114 years after it wascompleted,and decades after it ceased to be the world's tallest structure, isla Tour Eiffel still so popular? The reasons are as complex as the iron work that graces astructure some 90 stories high. But part of the answer is, no doubt, itsagelessness. Regularly maintained, it should never rust away. Graffiti is regularlypainted over, hut the tower lives on. "Eiffel represents Paris and Paris is France. It is verysymbolic" , says ttugues Richard, a 31- year-old Frenchman who holds therecord for cycling tip to the tower's second floor- 747 steps in 19 minutes and4 seconds, without touching the floor with his feet. "It's iron lady, Itinspires us ", he says. But to what? After all, the tower doesn't have a purpose. Itceased to be the world' s tallest in 1930 when the Chrysler Building13 went upin New York. Yes,television and radio signals are beamed from the top, andGustave Eiffel, a frenetic builder who died on December 27, aged 91, used its heightfor conducting research into weather, aerodynamics and radio communication. But in essence the tower inspires simply by being there a blankcanvas for visitors to make of it what they will. To the technically minded,it's an engineering triumph. For lovers, it's romantic. "The tower will outlast all of us, and by a longway", says Isabelle Esnous, whose company manages Eiffel Tower. {TS}Why does the author think the Eiffel Tower is transformed intosymbol of a world on the move?

A. Tourists from all over the world come to the Eiffel Tower bycar or by plane.

B. Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the coldiron of the tower.

C. The Eiffel Tower is the tallest building in the world.

D. The Eiffel Tower represents all the towers in the world.

听力原文： Our culture is concerned with matters of self-esteem. Self-respect, on the other hand, may hold the key to achieving the peace of mind we seek. The two concepts seem very similar but the differences between them are crucial.

To esteem anything is to evaluate it positively and hold it high regard, but evaluation gets us into trouble because while we sometimes win, we also sometimes lose. To respect something, on the other hand, is to accept it.

The word acceptance suggests to some readers that our culture does indeed deal with this idea of self-respect; after all, don't we have the concept that it is important to accept our limitations? Aren't many of us encouraged to change the things we can change, accept the things we cannot change and know the difference between the two?

The person with self-respect simply likes herself or himself. This self-respect is not dependent on success because there are always failures to contend with. Neither is it a result of comparing ourselves with others because there is always someone better. There are techniques usually employed to increase self-esteem. Self-respect, however, is a given. We simply like ourselves because of who we are and not because of what we can or cannot do.

My recent research, with Judith White and Johnny Walsh at Harvard University, points to the advantage of self-respect. Compared to those with high self-esteem who are still caught in an evaluative framework, those with self-respect are less prone to blame, guilt, regret, lies, have secrets and stress.

Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. What do we learn about self-esteem?

30. What do we learn about people with self-respect?

31. What does the speaker mean by saying "Self-respect is a given"?

32. What's the purpose of the passage?

(33)

A．It is the same as self-respect.

B．It is totally different from self-respect.

C．It is to evaluate positively and hold high regard.

D．It is to think only the positive even when we lose.

听力原文： Our culture is concerned with matters of self-esteem. Self-respect, on the other hand, may hold the key to achieving the peach of mind we seek. (32)The two concepts seem very similar but the differences between them are crucial.

(29)To esteem anything is to evaluate it positively and hold it high regard, but evaluation gets us into trouble because while we sometimes win, we also sometimes lose. To respect something, on the other hand, is to accept it.

The word acceptance suggests to some readers that our culture does indeed deal with this idea of self-respect; after all, don't we have the concept that it is important to accept our limitations? Aren't many of us encouraged "to change the things we can change, accept the things we cannot change and know the difference between the two?"

(30)The person with self-respect simply likes herself or himself. This self-respect is not dependent on success because there are always failures to contend with, Neither is it a result of comparing ourselves with others because there is always someone better. There are techniques usually employed to increase self-esteem. (31)Self-respect, however, is a given. We simply like ourselves because of who we are and not because of what we can or cannot do.

My recent research, with Judith White and Johnny Walsh at Harvard University, points to the advantage of selfrespect. (32)Compared to those with high self-esteem who are still caught in an evaluative framework, those with self-respect are less prone to blame, guilt, regret, lies, have secrets and stress.

(33)

A．It is the same as self-respect.

B．It is totally different from self-respect.

C．It is to think only the positive even when we lose.

D．It is to evaluate positively and hold high regard.

The University of Newcastle offers international students the perfect combination of lifestyle. and learning.

Set in excellent bush-land just minutes away remarkable beaches, waterways and forests, both campuses of the University are well known for their academic(学术的) excellence and innovative(革新的) teaching. Not surprisingly, its graduates are in high demand.

The University of Newcastle attracts students and staff of the highest quality. Today more than 17,000 students study in one of 150 undergraduate and postgraduate courses offered by 11 faculties: Architecture; Art and Design; Arts and Social Science; Economics and Commerce; Education; Engineering; Law; Medicine and Health Sciences; Music; Nursing; and Science and Mathematics.

The University has two campuses: Callaghan(the largest campus) in Newcastle, and Central Coast at Ourimbah(halfway between Newcastle and Sydney), which supplies a growing region with its educational needs.

The University is also known worldwide for its problem-based learning programs. Used mainly in the Faculties of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nursing and Architecture, problem-based learning places students in small groups where they solve problems they are likely to face in their working lives. In other words, it gives a clearer purpose to learning.

The University of Newcastle

Location of the University: beautiful【46】surrounded by beaches, waterways and forests.

Total number of students: over【47】.

Number of the courses offered at the University:【48】.

The names of the two campuses:【49】.

Special characteristics of the University:【50】.

cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”

Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.

In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle. ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.

Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.

There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.

In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.

The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______ .

A.the impact of technological advances

B.the alleviation of job pressure

C.the shrinkage of textile mills

D.the decline of middle-class incomes

The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______ .A.gains of technology have been erased

B.job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed

C.factories are making much less money than before

D.new jobs and services have been offered

According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____ .A.to accelerate the I.T. revolution

B.to ensure more education for people

C.ro advance economic globalization

D.to pass more bills in the 21st century

Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text？A.New Law Takes Effect

B.Technology Goes Cheap

C.Average Is Over

D.Recession Is Bad

According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______ .A.work on cheap software

B.ask for a moderate salary

C.adopt an average lifestyle

D.contribute something unique

AcustomerusesanIBMxSeriesx366fortheirnetworkserver.TheyexperienceddowntimewhentheNICfailedearlierthisyear.TheirNovell6.5serverneedstobeaccessibleallthetimeatthehighestspeedpossible.Slotsareavailablewherenetworkadapterscanstillbeadded.Highavailabilityistheprimaryrequirement，butincreasednetworkbandwidthontheserverisalsorequired.Whichofthefollowingisthemostcost-effectivesolutiontosatisfyallofthecustomer’srequirements？（）

A.Upgradethenetworkswitchesto10Gbspeed.

B.InstalladualportgigabitEthernetadapterandconfigureadapterloadbalancingteamingwiththeonboardadapters.

C.Installoneextraadaptertoteamwiththeinternaladapterandconfigureadapterfailover.

D.InstalltwoadditionalNICsandconfigureadapterloadbalancingteamingwiththeonboardadapters.

A Recent Erymology of the Word "Culture"“文化”一词的新词源

Look in an old dictionary—say, a pre-1960 Webster's—and you'll likely find a definition of culture (1) looks something like this: "1．The cultivation of soil. 2．The raising, improvement, or development of some plant, animal (2) product. " This use of the word has its roots in the ancient Latin word cultura, "cultivation" or "tending," and (3) entrance into the English language had begun by the year 1430. By the time the Webster's definition above was (4) , another definition had begun to take precedence over the old Latin denotation; culture was coming to mean "the training, (5) , and refinement of mind, tastes, and manners" (Oxford English Dictionary). The OED traces this definition, which today we associate (6) the phrase "high culture," back as far as 1805; by the middle of the 20th century, it was (7) becoming the word's primary definition.

However, if you try a more modem source, like the American Heritage English Dictionary, (8) find a primary definition of culture which is substantially different than either of the two given above: "The totality (9) socially transmitted behavior. patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. " Why such a (10) , and in such a (relatively) short period of time? Well, in the past 40 years, the use of the (11) "culture" has been heavily influenced by the academic fields of sociology and cultural anthropology. These fields have gradually brought (12) was once a minor definition of culture (the last of eight definitions given in the old 1958 Webster's quoted (13) ) into the mainstream.

It is easy to imagine how the US society which was so focused on "socially transmitted (14) patterns" in the sixties would come to need a word to describe the object of its interest. The civil (15) movement during this era brought everyone's attention to bear on cultural differences within US society, while the Vietnam War (16) to emphasize the position of the US culture in relation to other world cultures.

Over time, these new uses (17) the word culture have eclipsed its older meanings, those associated with cultivation of the land and the production of (18) . You might say that an aspect of US culture over the past 40 years is its fascination with the (19) of culture itself—a fascination which has brought about many changes in the way we speak and the (20) of words which we commonly use.

(1)

Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.

A．High heat is the source of most of the geothermal energy but low heat groundwater is also used sometimes.

B．Even though low temperatures are possible, high heat is the best resource for energy production for groundwater.

C．Both high heat and low heat sources are used for the production of geothermal energy from groundwater.

D．Most high heat sources for geothermal energy are tapped from applications that involve low heat in groundwater.