Beim Lesen habe ich immer Probleme.

A．To have a talk with him.

B．To discuss a problem with him.

C．To inform. him their decision.

D．To tell him a problem.

Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer (1) this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring (2) which information is relevant and (3) is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere (4) arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious (5) the problem is, however, this is not as easy (6) it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices (7) color the facts. Most people tend (8) see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools (9) the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately, (10) , the second step consists (11) considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them (12) and then make a list (13) advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets (14) lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems (15) the past. Although that can be helpful most (16) the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. (17) that case, the mental set must be abandoned, (18) new alternatives must be explored.

After the alternatives have been compared, a strategy must be selected (19) among them. One way to avoid becoming mired in the options is (20) try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another (21) the results are unfavorable. This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously (22) the next step—action. The strategy selected must be implemented and tested. If it solves the problem, no further action is necessary, but if (23) , then the cycle begins again, starting (24) problem identification. By continuing to review the problem (25) repeat the problem-solving steps, the solution can be improved upon and refined.

(109)

Why does the copper discovered in a native tribe in New Guinea give rise to a problem? Because ______.

A．it will soon be mined

B．it will bring money for the tribe

C．it is too for mining

D．the mining of the copper will affect the tribe's religion

Why does the copper discovered in a native tribe in New Guinea give rise to a problem?

A．Because it will soon be mined.

B．Because it will bring money for the tribe.

C．Because it is too far away for mining.

D．Because the mining of the copper will affect the tribe's religion.

No problem too large,no business too small.(IBM广告)

In order to solve a computational problem, its solution must be specified in terms of asequence of computational steps, each of which may be performed by a human or a digital computer. If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you shouldlearn how to program. The task of developing programs for the solution of computationalproblems is referred to as programming. Computer programming is the process of planningand creating a sequence of steps for a computer to follow. In general, this process will helpus resolve a problem, which is either too tedious or difficult to work out otherwise. Soprogramming is breaking a task down into small steps.

Programming is sometimes contrasted with coding. Coding generally refers to thewriting of programs for given program specification, while programming includes the task of preparing the program specification as well as that of writing the program. The text of aprogram is sometimes referred to as code, and lines of program text are referred to as lines ofcode, especially in the case of machine-language programs. The term coder is used todescribe a person engaged exclusively in implementing program specifications prepared byothers. What ' s actually involved in programming - the actual process of writing programs？ Here' s a quick overview of the process:

? Write a program.

? Compile the program.

? Run the program.

? Debug the program.

? Repeat the whole process until the program is finished.

(三)、choosethe best answer according to the passage B. (根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。)

41. If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learnhow to___________

A. calculate

B. program

C. add

D. subtract

42. Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of

___________ for a computer to follow.

A. steps

B. process

C. lines

D. graphics

43. The term coder is used to describe___________

A. machine

B. computer

C. keyboard

D. person

44. In order to solve a computational problem, you can let a person or a ___________ to do it.

A. machine

B. computer

C. keyboard

D. mouse

45. Which of the following is not the stages of programming？

A. Write a program.

B. Debug the program.

C. Print the program.

D. Compile the program.

It is ______ to teach a kid the way to solve a problem than tell him the solution directly.

A、helpful

B、more helpful

C、the most helpful

D、the more helpful

Capital immobility is generally not a problem in forestry.

Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America. It is an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these counties, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on industries which cause pollution.

Cubatao, an industrial town of 85,000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants(污染物). The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matters in their surroundings, and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and grown-ups, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not carried out strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罚款)than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution, It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the 'government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility(责任) does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U.S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely(严厉的)punished or even put out of business.

Industrial pollution is the problem for European countries only.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned