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[主观题]

The structure of the Rogerian model of arguments includes: introduction, summary of opposi

ng views, statement of understanding, statement of your position, statement of contexts, statement of _______.

A、benefits

B、rebuttal

C、excuses

D、possibilities

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第1题

The birth of the Space Transportation System (STS) and the new era of space activities it will bring are contributing to a recent upsurge of social science interest in space. In the years ahead, social scientists will have to investigate systematically the fundamentally new socio/techno-cultural developments that could accompany this new era—not only to point out potential unfavorable impacts before they occur but also to enhance public comprehension of space and its relationships to social matters, and to highlight society's needs in relation to space, pointing out opportunities for development that might otherwise be overlooked by the technologist.

Space industrialization will create new markets and more jobs here on Earth, but many of the space industries of the decades ahead will also require highly qualified workers in habitable orbital facilities. Various concepts of orbiting platforms and space habitats are under continued study by NASA, including man-tended construction systems and permanently manned space stations of modular (组合的) or "building block" design that will grow by steps using the versatile space shuttle. A manned reusable orbital transfer vehicle, which will be used to carry people and cargo to geo-synchronous orbit and eventually to the moon, is also on the drawing board. Space systems currently envisioned by long-range planners can be seen as stepping-stones to large Earth-orbiting and lunar-based space communities and space settlements of the third-millennium (千年), housing hundreds or even thousands of humans.

"Human" industries in space (such as medical, clinical, and biogenetic research), space science and space-borne educational centres, space hospitals, and activities in areas such as entertainment and the arts are long-range possibilities that will eventually be brought within our grasp through the step-by-step development of space. Orbital vacation centres may also be somewhere in the future, adding a whole new dimension to tourism.

Social scientists have recently become greatly interested in space because ______.

A．space industrialization will create new markets and more jobs on Earth

B．space exploration will be harmful to man

C．space colonization is near at hand

D．otherwise technologists will catch the opportunity to go to space

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第2题

Included in the______ of the public schools in the United States is the socialization of the school-age population.

A．responsibilities

B．intentions

C．probabilities

D．opportunities

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第3题

The main advantage of the natural way of education, whether in primitive or modern times, is that learners ____ .

A．are given opportunities to develop their interest first

B．are given more freedom in doing things and learning

C．can work with their masters throughout their learning

D．can learn the trade through solving problems at work

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第4题

With the development of the global economy, many companies state their basic objective of engaging in a worldwide manufacturing business and claim that they are or are becoming a multinational company.

Some economists (1)_____ between the international firm and the multinational company in the following way: the "international firm" is a term that (2)_____ enterprises with various degrees of world orientation in their business; (3)_____, the "multinational company" is one type of international firm. The international firm engages in any activity or (4)_____ of activities from exporting, importing and licensing to full scale manufacturing in a number of countries. The international (5)_____ of such a company varies from the point at which overseas sales and profits take on importance and top management begins to (6)_____ some attention to them to the stage (7)_____ the company is globally oriented in its marketing, production, (8)_____, and other decisions and considers alternative opportunities around the world.

When a company reaches the latter stage, it becomes (9)_____. Thus, the multinational company is one type of international company. It is a (10)_____ developed international company with a deep worldwide involvement and a global (11)_____ in its management and decision making. More (12)_____, the multinational company in manufacturing does business in a number of countries; it has a substantial commitment of its resources in international business; it (13)_____ international production in a number of countries; and it has a (14)_____ perspective in its management. Significant (15)_____ exist among multinational companies. First, such a company may not (16)_____ do business in every region and country in the world, (17)_____ it considers opportunities throughout the world. Second, it has a (18)_____ portion of its assets invested in international business; (19)_____ it makes a substantial part of its sales and earns a considerable part of its (20)_____ overseas.

A．recognize

B．distinguish

C．discover

D．detect

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第5题

Scholastic thinkers held a wide variety of doctrines in both philosophy and theology, the study of religion. What gives unity to the whole Scholastic movement, the academic practice in Europe from the 9th to the 17th centuries, are the common aims, attitudes, and methods generally accepted by all its members. The chief concern of the Scholastics was not to discover new facts but to integrate the knowledge already acquired separately by Greek reasoning and Christian revelation. This concern is one of the most characteristic differences between Scholasticism and modern thought since the Renaissance.

The basic aim of the Scholastics determined certain common attitudes, the most important of which was their conviction of the fundamental harmony between reason and revelation. The Scholastics maintained that because the same God was the source of both types of knowledge and truth was one of his chief attributes, he could not contradict himself in these two ways of speaking. Any apparent opposition between revelation and reason could be traced either to an incorrect use of reason or to an inaccurate interpretation of the words of revelation. Because the Scholastics believed that revelation was the direct teaching of God, it possessed for them a higher degree of truth and certainty than did natural reason. In apparent conflicts between religious faith and philosophic reasoning, faith was thus always the supreme arbiter; the theologians' decision overruled that of the philosopher. After the early 13th century, Scholastic thought emphasized more the independence of philosophy within its own domain. Nonetheless, throughout the Scholastic period, philosophy was called the servant of theology, not only because the truth of philosophy was subordinated to that of theology, but also because the theologian used philosophy to understand and explain revelation.

This attitude of Scholasticism stands in sharp contrast to the so-called double-truth theory of the Spanish-Arab philosopher and physician Averroes. His theory assumed that truth was accessible to both philosophy and Islamic theology but that only philosophy could attain it perfectly. The so-called truths of theology served, hence, as imperfect imaginative expressions for the common people of the authentic truth accessible only to philosophy. Averroes maintained that philosophic truth could even contradict, at least verbally, the teachings of Islamic theology.

As a result of their belief in the harmony between faith and reason, the Scholastics attempted to determine the precise scope and competence of each of these faculties. Many early Scholastics, such as the Italian ecclesiastic and philosopher St. Anselm, did not clearly distinguish the two and were overconfident that reason could prove certain doctrines of revelation. Later, at the height of the mature period of Scholasticism, the Italian theologian and philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas worked out a balance between reason and revelation.

With the Scholastics, the search for new knowledge ______.

A．stopped completely

B．slowed down

C．advanced rapidly

D．awaked gradually

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第6题

Scholastic thinkers held a wide variety of doctrines in both philosophy and theology, the study of religion. What gives unity to the whole Scholastic movement, the academic practice in Europe from the 9th to the 17th centuries, are the common aims, attitudes, and methods generally accepted by all its members. The chief concern of the Scholastics was net to discover new facts but to integrate the knowledge already acquired separately by Greek reasoning and Christian revelation. This concern is one of the most characteristic differences between Scholasticism and modern thought since the Renaissance.

The basic aim of the Scholastics determined certain common attitudes, the most important of which was their conviction of the fundamental harmony between reason and revelation. The Scholastics maintained that because the same God was the source of both types of knowledge and truth was one of his chief attributes, he could not contradict himself in these two ways of speaking. Any apparent opposition between revelation and reason could be traced either to an incorrect use of reason or to an inaccurate interpretation of the words of revelation. Because the Scholastics believed that revelation was the direct teaching of God, it possessed for them a higher degree of truth and certainty than did natural reason. In apparent conflicts between religious faith and philosophic reasoning, faith was thus always the supreme arbiter; the theologian's decision overruled that of the philosopher. After the early 13th century, Scholastic thought emphasized more the independence of philosophy within its own domain. Nonetheless, throughout the Scholastic period, philosophy was called the servant of theology, not only because the truth of philosophy was subordinated to that of theology, but also because the theologian used philosophy to understand and explain revelation.

This attitude of Scholasticism stands in sharp contrast to the so-called double-truth theory of the Spanish Arab philosopher and physician Averroes. His theory assumed that truth was accessible to both philosophy and Islamic theology but that only philosophy could attain it perfectly. The so-called truths of theology served, hence, as imperfect imaginative expressions for the common people of the authentic truth accessible only to philosophy. Averroe's maintained that philosophic truth could even contradict, at least verbally, the teachings of Islamic theology.

With the Scholastics, the search for new knowledge

A．stopped completely,

B．sped down.

C．advanced rapidly.

D．awaked gradually.

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第7题

Television is one of today's most powerful and widespread means of mass communication. It directly influences our lives on both a short and long-term basis; it brings worldwide situations into our homes; it affords extensive opportunities for acquiring higher education; and it performs these tasks in a convenient yet effective manner. We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting. Television, however, has also been a vital link in unmanned deep space exploration (such as the Voyager I and Ⅱ missions), in providing visions from hazardous areas (such as proximity to radioactive materials or environments) in underwater research, in viewing storms moving across a metropolitan area (the camera being placed in a weather-protective enclosure near the top of a tower), etc. The earth's weather satellites also use television cameras for vie- wing cloud cover and movements from 20,000 miles in space. Infrared filters are used for night views, and several systems include a spinning mirror arrangement to permit wide-area views from the camera. Realizing the unlimited applications for today's television, one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass-entertainment field.

Conventional television broadcasting within the United States centres around free enterprise and public ownership. This requires funding by commercial sponsors, and thus functions in a revenue-producing business manner. Television in USSR-subjected areas, conversely, is a government-owned and maintained arrangement. While such arrangements eliminate the need for commercial sponsorship, it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic "Bewitched", however, have been seen on these government -controlled networks. All isn't as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize). A highly modified form. of television called Slow-Scan TV is presently being used by many Amateur Radio operators to provide direct visual communications with almost any area of the world. This unique visual mode recently allowed people on the tiny South Pacific country of Pitcairn Island to view, for the first time in their lives, distant areas and people of the world. The chief radio Amateur and communications officer of Pitcairn, incidentally, is the legendary Tom Christian-great, great grandson of Tom Christian of "Mutiny on the Bounty" fame. Radio Amateurs in many lands worked together for several months establishing visual capabilities. The results have proven spectacular, yet the visual capabilities have only been used for health education, or welfare purposes. Commercial TV is still unknown to natives of that tiny country. Numerous other forms of television and visual communication, have also been used on a semi-restricted basis. This indicates the many untapped areas of video and television which may soon be exploited on a more widespread basis. The old clich of a picture being worth a thousand words truly has merit.

According to the passage, applications of television are easily accepted in______.

A．metropolitan area

B．deep space exploration

C．programs about entertainment and news

D．remote areas

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第8题

It's easy to get the sense these days that you've stumbled into a party with some powerful drug that dramatically alters identity. The faces are familiar, but the words coming out of them aren't. Something has happened to a lot of people you used to think you knew. They've changed into something like their own opposite.

There's Bill Gates, who these days is spending less time earning money than giving it away—and pulling other billionaires into the deep end of global philanthropy(慈善事业) with him. There's historian Francis Fukuyama, leading a whole gang of disaffected fellow travelers away from neoconservatism. To flip-flopis human. It can still sometimes be a political liability, evidence of a flaky disposition or rank opportunism. But there are circumstances in which not to reverse course seems almost pathological(病态的). He's a model of consistency, Stephen Colbert said last year of George W. Bush:" He believes the same thing Wednesday that he believed on Monday—no matter what happened on Tuesday".

Over the past three years, I found people who had pulled a big U-turn in their lives. Often the insight came in a forehead-smiting moment in the middle of the night: I've got it all wrong.

It looked at first like a sprinkling of outliers beyond the curve of normal human experience. But when you stepped back, a pattern emerged. What these personal turns had in common was the apprehension that we're all connected. Everything leans on something, is both dependent and depended on.

"The difference between you and me", a visiting Chinese student told University of Michigan psychologist Richard Nisbett not long ago", is that I think the world is a circle, and you think it's a line". The remark prompted the professor to write a book, The Geography of Thought, about the differences between the Western and the Asian mind.

To Western thinking, the world is linear; you can chop it up and analyze it, and we can all work on our little part of the project independently until it's solved. The classically Eastern mind, according to Nisbett, sees things differently: the world isn't a length of rope but a vast, closed chain, incomprehensibly complex and ever changing. When you look at life from this second perspective, some unlikely connections reveal themselves.

I realized this was what almost all the U-turns had in common: people had swung around to face East. They had stopped thinking in a line and started thinking in a circle. Morality was looking less like a set of rules and more like a story, one in which they were part of an ensemble cast, no longer the star.

What can we infer from first two paragraphs?

A．Some people have changed into someone another.

B．Rhere are some drugs that can change one's identity.

C．Some moneybags are pulled to act as philanthropist.

D．francis Fukuyama has become a great traveler.

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第9题

Which of the following things did not happen in the four years that the class of 2003 was in college?

A．Dot com opportunities decreased.

B．The number of teaching jobs increased.

C．Still well paid job is nursing.

D．The number of jobs with benefits decreased.

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第10题

We have long ceased to live in a world where education was the prerogative of the few and the interchange of knowledge and ideas was limited to handful of learned men. The demand for education as a right of mankind is accepted.

In many countries the challenge implicit in this demand has to be met largely unaided: such countries have to use their own resources to build the schools and train the teachers they need. But throughout the world there are other countries which, by their association with the Commonwealth, have unique opportunities for helping each other. They range from In dia to the tiny Pacific island of Pitcarin inhabited by little over 100 people.

Britain’s part in developing education in countries of the Commonwealth and her dependencies goes back over three hundred years. The first colleges set up in the mainland colonies of North America which were to become the United States give tuition modeled on the arts courses at Oxford and Cambridge. British institutions set the early educational pattern in parts of Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In the nineteenth century Britain took a direct interest in developing state-aided education in India, and began financially to help the missionaries pioneering education in the colonies and to set up a few schools where there were no others.

The author claims that ______.

A．learning is no longer the right of a select group of people

B．very few people are illiterate

C．exchange of knowledge is now universal

D．special learning should not be left to a few people

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