Narration refers to the way that a story is told.

The "ancient notion" (line 14) to which the author refers to is the idea that

A．infinite space, by definition, can exist but cannot be observed from an external reference point

B．in order for there to be an outside to the universe, the ultimate physical reality must be a Euclidean planar space

C．one cannot observe the edge of any object, including the universe, except by using a perspective external to it

D．the universe can always be redefined to include what is beyond an absolute reference point

E．the universe is a hypersphere which must be embedded in higher-dimensional space than that given by Euclidean geometry

"He was on his way" refers to the fact that __. A．he gave up and returned home B．he began to work towards success C．he took a journey to Hollywood D．he had difficulties in playing the small part

Culture refers to the total way of living of particular groups of people. It includes everything that a group of people think, say, do, and make. In the following statements, which one is cultural?

A.regretting being the cause of an accident

B.sleeping with a bedroom window open

C.Eating with knife, fork, and spoon

D.Considering snakes to be “evil”

"He was on his way" refers to the fact that______.

A．he gave up and returned home

B．he began to work towards success

C．he took a journey to Hollywood

D．he had difficulties in playing the small part

To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example is a bit oversimplified. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other ' example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than "Monkey see, monkey do".

Look at it from the child's point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.

There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.

In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.

Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.

The statement that children learn by imitation is incomplete because ______.

A．they only imitate authorities and experts

B．they are not willing to copy their parents

C．the process of identification has been ignored

D．the nature of their imitation as a form. of behavior. has been neglected

Obviously, the word "arrangement" underlined in the third paragraph refers to the fact that ______.

A．he was arranged to speak about his involvement

B．a campaign was under way to promote the administration

C．he was paid for speaking on NCLB developments

D．some critics made an arrangement to criticize him

Last week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. Shes been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a plate gives her a panic attack. Strange, right? But shes not alone. While popular phobias(恐惧症)about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous. While some phobias might seem a bit silly, they can cause serious emotional distress. My coworker Magda is terrified of pigeons, a phobia that is taking over her life. She wont walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these "rats with wings" finds its way onto the platform. Another friend is disgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it. So where does an irrational fear of cheese come from? Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time? Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightened of elevators. There was no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces, but something about elevators makes me nervous. And so, when my boyfriend and I found ourselves trapped in an elevator last year — because these sorts of things always happen eventually — I was anticipating the worst. While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we " take advantage of the situation," I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the whole facing my worst nightmare thing. However, after the fear subsided(消退)I realized that, yes, this was my greatest fear come true, and yet — it wasnt all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, but terrifying? Not so much. Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process, but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on.

The 34-year-old British woman is extremely afraid of metal forks because______.

A．she is afraid that they may hurt her

B．she couldn"t bear their sound on plate

C．she has been injured by them before

D．she has never used them before

Culture refers to the social heritage of a people—the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patters in （S1） material things. Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture—（S2） abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs and institutional arrangements—and material culture—physical object like （S3） cooking pots, computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make. In ordinary （S4） speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another （S5） language—the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, （S6） literature, philosophy, or history. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world （S7） of experience we share with other members of our group. Culture is essentially to our humanness. It provides a kind （S8） of map for relating to others. Consider how you feel your way about social life. How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh （S9） at you? Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, （S10） ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations. Therefore, if we know a person’s culture, we can understand and even predict a good deal of his behavior.

"Geographic mobility", as used in the text, refers to ______.

A．the way in which Americans tend to move from job to job.

B．the penchant wage-earners have to maximize family welfare.

C．the necessity to relocate in order to increase wages.

D．all of the above.

E．none of the abov