A leader's most important job in any organization is to a road map to the future.

In 1903 the members of the governing board of the University of Washington. In

Seattle. engaged a firm of landscape architects, specialists in the design of outdoor

environments--Olmsted Brothers of Brookline, Massachusetts-to advise them on an

appropriate layout for the university grounds. The plan impressed the university officials,

(5) and in time many of its recommendations were implemented. City officials in Seattle, the

largest city in the northwestern United States, were also impressed, for they employed the

same organization to study Seattle's public park needs. John Olmsted did the investigation

and subsequent report on Seattle's parks. He and his brothers believed that parks should

be adapted to the local topography, utilize the area's trees and shrubs, and be available to

(10) the entire community. They especially emphasized the need for natural, serene settings

where hurried urban dwellers could periodically escape from the city. The essence of the

Olmsted park plan was to develop a continuous driveway, twenty miles long, that would

tie together a whole series of parks, playgrounds, and parkways. There would be local

parks and squares, too, but all of this was meant to supplement the major driveway,

(15) which was to remain the unifying factor for the entire system.

In November of 1903 the city council of Seattle adopted the Olmsted Report, and

it automatically became the master plan for the city's park system. Prior to this report,

Seattle's park development was very limited and funding meager. All this changed

after the report. Between 1907 and 1913, city voters approved special funding measures

(20) amounting to $4,000,000. With such unparalleled sums at their disposal, with the Olmsted

guidelines to follow, and with the added incentive of wanting to have the city at its best

for the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition of 1909, the Parks Board bought aggressively.

By 1913 Seattle had 25 parks amounting to 1,400 acres, as well as 400 acres in

playgrounds, pathways, boulevards, and triangles. More lands would be added in the

(25) future, but for all practical purposes it was the great land surge of 1907-1913 that

established Seattle's park system.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．The planned development of Seattle's public park system

B．The organization of the Seattle city government

C．The history of the Olmsted Brothers architectural firm

D．The design and building of the University of Washington campus

To compete in today's fast-paced competitive environment, organizations are increasingly allowing contractors, partners, visitors and guests to access their internal enterprise networks. These users may connect to the network through wired ports in conference rooms or offices, or via wireless access points. In allowing this open access for third parties, LANs become(71 )Third parties can introduce risk in a variety of ways from connecting with an infected laptop to unauthorized access of network resources to(72)activity. For many organizations, however, the operational complexity and costs to ensure safe third party network access have been prohibitive. Fifty-two percent of surveyed CISOs state that they currently use a moat and castle's security approach, and admit that defenses inside the perimeter are weak. Threats from internal users are also increasingly a cause for security concerns. Employees with malicious intent can launch(73)of service attacks or steal(74)information by snooping the network. As they access the corporate network, mobile and remote users inadvertently can infect the network with(75)and worms acquired from unprotected public networks. Hackers masquerading as internal users can take advantage of weak internal security to gain access to confidential information.

A．damageable

B．susceptible

C．changeable

D．vulnerable

To compete in today's fast-paced competitive environment, organizations are increasingly allowing contractors, partners, visitors and guests to access their internal enterprise networks. These users may connect to the network through wired ports in conference rooms or offices, or via wireless access points. In allowing this open access for third parties, LANs become(171). Third parties can introduce risk in a variety of ways from connecting with an infected laptop to unauthorized access of network resources to(172)activity. For many organizations, however, the operational complexity and costs to ensure safe third party network access have been prohibitive. Fifty-two percent of surveyed CISOs state that they currently use a moat and castle's security approach, and admit that defenses inside the perimeter are weak. Threats from internal users are also increasingly a cause for security concerns. Employees with malicious intent can launch(173)of service attacks or steal(174)information by snooping the network. As they access the corporate network, mobile and remote users inadvertently can infect the network with(175) and worms acquired from unprotected public networks. Hackers masquerading as internal users can take advantage of weak internal security to gain access to confidential information.

A．damageable

B．susceptible

C．vulnerable

D．changeable

To compete in today's fast-paced competitive environment, organizations are increasingly allowing contractors, partners, visitors and guests to access their internal enterprise network. These users may connect to the network through wired ports in conference rooms or offices, or via wireless access points. In allowing this open access for third parties, LANs become(71). Third parties can introduce risk in a variety of ways from connecting with an infected laptop to unauthorized access of network resources to(72) activity. For many organizations, however, the operational complexity and costs to ensure safe third party network access has been prohibitive. Fifty-two percent of surveyed CISOs stated that they currently use a moat and castle" security approach, and admit that defenses inside the perimeter are weak. Threats from internal users are also increasingly a cause for security concerns. Employees with malicious intent can launch(73) of service attacks or steal(74) information by snooping the network. As they access the corporate network, mobile and remote users inadvertently can infect the network with(75) and worms acquired from unprotected public networks. Hackers masquerading as internal users can take advantage of weak internal security to gain access to confidential information.

A．damageable

B．susceptible

C．vulnerable

D．changeable

听力原文： At one time, Carolyn McCarthy's world focused on the town, where she lived with her husband and son and she was, in her own words, an "average person" and "one of the quietest people you'd ever meet. "

The incident that changed her life forever took place on the day when a gunman opened fire in a car packed with commuters on their way home from work. (29) By the time the shooting was stopped, six people were fatally wounded one of them McCarthy's husband. Her son, also on the train, was partially paralyzed for life.

As McCarthy wrestled with her grief and anger, she swore (30) she would do something to help stop America's plague of gun-related violence. She began talking to anyone who would listen and started working with gun control organizations. In the process, she found herself addressing citizens' groups all across Long Island. As people started listening, she had to adapt her conversational abilities to larger audiences and more formal speaking situations. The spontaneous give-and-take of conversation evolved into structural public speeches.

When the U. S. Congressman in McCarthy's district voted to repeal the federal ban on assault weapons, McCarthy took her speechmaking to a new level and she announced her candidacy for Congress. (31) Her great challenge came five months later, when she addressed a national television audience in Chicago.

Fired by the belief, McCarthy spoke movingly about her journey into politics and about the toll that gun violence takes in American society. (32) Often addressing several audiences a day, she communicated her ideas so effectively that she was elected to the US Congress by a comfortable margin.

29．What changed McCarthy's life?

30.What were McCarthy's speeches about?

31.What was McCarthy's great challenge after she announced her candidacy for Cogress?

32.Why was McCarthy elected to the US Congress?

(33)

A．A gun attack happened to her husband and son.

B．Her son was paralyzed in a car accident.

C．America was plagued by gun-related violence.

D．Her husband was involved in a gun violence.

听力原文：Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a business class. Professor OK, uh lets um, lets start. Uh, today were gonna talk about marketing. Does marketing create or satisfy needs? As stated in Chapter one, marketing shapes consumers needs and wants, they do not create those needs. Needs are basic human requirements that preexists marketers. The hierarchy of needs that exists is physiological including basic food, water, and shelter; safety, that is, selfpreservation; social, that is, love and friendship; personal including status, and self-respect; and self-actualization, that means, personal fulfillment. These needs can be stated, real, unstated, delight, and secret. Needs, wants, and demands are a core foundation for marketing. Marketing is the process of identifying, influencing, and satisfying those needs, on human and society. Marketers do not just respond to consumers needs. The basic desire to survive is a need. A specific fulfillment of that need is a want. Demands are wants for specific products or services, with the ability to buy. A skillful marketer understands the needs, influences the wants, and promotes ideas that lead consumers to make unnecessary purchases. The skillful marketer takes the basic need to a higher level that stimulates and generates a need or want that influences and motivates the consumers to satisfy that want. Marketing does not offer one-dimensional products, but multi-dimensional products offerings promoted through a variety of choices and propaganda. However, budgets, needs, and wants help the consumer to make the specific choice. Herein is the marketers ability to shape the needs and wants, and then satisfy those needs and wants. Critics claim that marketers create new products and services for the consuming public, and make them believe they are needs so consumers will buy more and spend money unnecessarily. I believe the notion of creating a new need is false. As stated in chapter one of the text, "needs are basic human requirements. " Wants on the other hand, "are shaped by ones society. " It is my belief that marketers are able to research, exactly what the needs are of specific markets, and apply marketing techniques and tools to best fit consumers needs. Consumers already have specific needs and wants, and marketers are just utilizing the Information Age and specific information about target markets so that their products and services are highly demanded. Many tools are available today that marketers can leverage to gather mass quantities of information about specific markets. They then manipulate that information to develop products and services that match exactly what that specific market desires; therefore consumers want more of that commodity. Peter Drucker once stated, marketing should result in a customer who is ready to buy. All that should be needed then is to make the product or service available, is exactly why critics claim consumers are spending unnecessarily. Another reason I believe the critics who claim, "Marketers shape the needs and wants of consumers," say this because of what consumers have today compared to what they had in the past; increased buying power, greater variety of goods and services, greater amount of information, greater ease in interacting and placing orders, and the ability to compare with other consumers. All of these factors are not because marketers have created new needs and wants, but because they utilize those trends to better meet the needs and wants of consumers. Marketing has become almost entirely consumer driven, which means that marketers select their target market and then create the product or service that is most needed and demanded. In conclusion, marketing has just become a first-mover business, where the first company that discovers the target market specific needs and wants will develop a product or service to satisfy that market. With the increased buying power that is apparent today and the decrease in brand loyalty, consumers are likely to buy those products and services offered because they are available. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 1. What is the talk mainly about? 2. In the lecture, the professor mentioned the hierarchy of needs. Tick the correct box for the needs mentioned in the listening material. 3. Why does the professor mention the hierarchy of needs? 4. According to the professor, what is NOT included when talking about marketing? 5. What does the professor mean when he says this? Professor All of these factors are not because marketers have created new needs and wants, but because they utilize those trends to better meet the needs and wants of consumers. Marketing has become almost entirely consumer driven, which means that marketers select their target market and then create the product or service that is most needed and demanded. 6. Why does the professor say this? Professor OK, uh lets urn, lets start. Uh, today were gonna talk about marketing. Does marketing create or satisfy needs?Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a business class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

What is the talk mainly about?

A．Whether the market creates or satisfies the needs.

B．The relationship between marketing and customers.

C．What should marketers do to launch a new product.

D．What should marketers do to develop a new market.

选出应填入下面一段英语中______内的正确答案。

  To compete in today's fast-paced competitive environment, organizations are increasingly allowing contractors, partners, visitors and guests to access their internal enterprise networks. These users may connect to the network through wired ports in conference rooms or offices, or via wireless access points. In allowing this open access for third parties, LANs become(1). Third parties can introduce risk in a variety of ways from connecting with an infected laptop to unauthorized access of network resources to(2)activity. For many organizations, however, the operational complexity and costs to ensure safe third party network access have been prohibitive. Fifty-two percent of surveyed CIOs state that they currently use a moat and castle's security approach, and admit that defenses inside the perimeter are weak. Threats from internal users are also increasingly a cause for security concerns. Employees with malicious intent can launch(3)of service attacks or steal(4)information by snooping the network. As they access the corporate network, mobile and remote users inadvertently can infect the network with(5)and worms acquired from unprotected public networks. Hackers masquerading as internal users can take advantage of weak internal security to gain access to confidential information.

TheadministrationstaffofalargecomputercomplexisresistingtheinstallationofHACMP.ThereAreconcernsaboutthedifficultyofmanagingandadministeringanHACMPclusterwithoutan"administrationonly"network.AddingadapterstocreateanadministrationnetworkisnotpossibleduetolimitationsonthenumberofopenIOslotsintheservers.Whatcanbedonetoaddressthisissue？（）

A.CreateHACMPpersistentIPlabelsforadministrationpurposes.

B.UseHWATtoensurethecorrectMACaddressisavailableatalltimes.

C.NothingcanbedonebecauseRPATisacharacteristicofHACMPthatcannotbechanged.

D.UseIPaliasingwithinHACMPtoallowtheadministratorsconstantaccesstothenodes.

The debate about problem drinking and how to stop it nowadays centres most on the working-class young. They are【M1】______ highly visible—and inaudible—as they clog city centres on【M2】______ Saturday nights. But a chapter in a forthcoming book, Intoxication and Society, by Philip Withington, a Cambridge historian, argues that it was the educated elite whom taught Britons how to drink to【M3】______ excess. In the 17th century, England experienced a rise in educational enrolment unsurpassedly until the early 20th century. Illiteracy inclined and the universities of Cambridge and Oxford,【M4】______ as well as the Inns of Court and Chancery where barristers learned their craft, brimming with affluent young men. This was the【M5】______ crucial period which modern drinking culture was formed. Mr【M6】______ Withingtons description of 17th-century drinking practices will sound familiar to anybody who has been within a few miles of a British university. It was characterised by two conflicting aims. Men were to consume large qualities of alcohol in keeping with【M7】______ conventions of excess. Yet they also supposed to remain in control【M8】______ of their faculties, bantering and displaying wit. Students and would-be lawyers formed drinking societies, where they learned the social—and drinking—skills required of gentlemen. A market in instruction quickly emerged. Collections filled with jokes, quotes and fun facts proliferated, promised to teach, as【M9】______ John Cotgraves Wits Interpreter put it, "the art of drinking, by a most learned method". Mirroring the standardisation of language after the invention of the printing press, codes of intoxication were disseminated to many a wider audience as society became more【M10】______ literate and censorship declined.

【M1】

听力原文： OK, uh lets um, lets start. Uh, today were gonna talk about marketing. Does marketing create or satisfy needs? As stated in Chapter one, marketing shapes consumers needs and wants, they do not create those needs. Needs are basic human requirements that preexists marketers. The hierarchy of needs that exists is physiological including basic food, water, and shelter; safety, that is, selfpreservation; social, that is, love and friendship; personal including status, and self-respect; and self-actualization, that means, personal fulfillment. These needs can be stated, real, unstated, delight, and secret. Needs, wants, and demands are a core foundation for marketing. Marketing is the process of identifying, influencing, and satisfying those needs, on human and society. Marketers do not just respond to consumers needs. The basic desire to survive is a need. A specific fulfillment of that need is a want. Demands are wants for specific products or services, with the ability to buy. A skillful marketer understands the needs, influences the wants, and promotes ideas that lead consumers to make unnecessary purchases. The skillful marketer takes the basic need to a higher level that stimulates and generates a need or want that influences and motivates the consumers to satisfy that want. Marketing does not offer one-dimensional products, but multi-dimensional products offerings promoted through a variety of choices and propaganda. However, budgets, needs, and wants help the consumer to make the specific choice. Herein is the marketers ability to shape the needs and wants, and then satisfy those needs and wants. Critics claim that marketers create new products and services for the consuming public, and make them believe they are needs so consumers will buy more and spend money unnecessarily. I believe the notion of creating a new need is false. As stated in chapter one of the text, "needs are basic human requirements." Wants on the other hand, "are shaped by ones society." It is my belief that marketers are able to research, exactly what the needs are of specific markets, and apply marketing techniques and tools to best fit consumers needs. Consumers already have specific needs and wants, and marketers are just utilizing the Information Age and specific information about target markets so that their products and services are highly demanded. Many tools are available today that marketers can leverage to gather mass quantities of information about specific markets. They then manipulate that information to develop products and services that match exactly what that specific market desires; therefore consumers want more of that commodity. Peter Drucker once stated, marketing should result in a customer who is ready to buy. All that should be needed then is to make the product or service available, is exactly why critics claim consumers are spending unnecessarily. Another reason I believe the critics who claim, "Marketers shape the needs and wants of consumers," say this because of what consumers have today compared to what they had in the past; increased buying power, greater variety of goods and services, greater amount of information, greater ease in interacting and placing orders, and the ability to compare with other consumers. All of these factors are not because marketers have created new needs and wants, but because they utilize those trends to better meet the needs and wants of consumers. Marketing has become almost entirely consumer driven, which means that marketers select their target market and then create the product or service that is most needed and demanded. In conclusion, marketing has just become a first-mover business, where the first company that discovers the target market specific needs and wants will develop a product or service to satisfy that market. With the increased buying power that is apparent today and the decrease in brand loyalty, consumers are likely to buy those products and services offered because they are available.Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a business class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

What is the talk mainly about?

A．Whether the market creates or satisfies the needs.

B．The relationship between marketing and customers.

C．What should marketers do to launch a new product.

D．What should marketers do to develop a new market.