简述Crude oil tankers 按照吨级划分哪几类...

Unless such oil tanker carries crude oil which is not suitable for crude oil washing，the oil tanker shall ______ the system in accordance with the requirements of that Regulation．

A.operate

B.check

C.install

D.overhaul

In the case of new crude oil tankers，the additional ballast permitted shall be carried in cargo tanks only if such tanks have been ______ before departure from an oil unloading port or terminal.

A.inerted

B.crude oil washed

C.diluted

D.cleaned

What is the current price of crude-oil as mentioned in the passage?

At a refinery the crude oil is ______ into its various parts.

The complete details of a crude oil washing system aboard your vessel，including the operating sequences and procedures，design characteristics，a description of the system，and required personnel will be found in the ______.

A.Oil Transfer Procedures Manual

B.Crude Oil Washing Operations and Equipment Manual

C.Code of Federal Regulations

D.Crude Oil Washing addendum to the Certificate of Inspection

材料：

Every new crude oil tanker of 20000 tons deadweight and above and every new product carrier of 30000 tons deadweight and above shall be provided with segregated ballast tanks．The capacity of the segregated ballast tanks shall be so determined that the ship may operate safely on ballast voyages without recourse to the use of cargo tanks for water ballast．

In all cases，however，the capacity of segregated ballast tanks shall be at least such that，in any ballast condition at any part of the voyage，including the conditions consisting of lightweight plus segregated ballast only，the ship’s draughts and trim can meet each of the following requirements：

（a）The moulded draught amidships（dm）meters（without taking into account any ship&39;s deformation）shall not be less than dm = 2.0 + 0.02L；

（b）The draughts at the forward and after perpendiculars shall correspond to those determined by the draught amidships（dm）as specified in sub-paragraph（a）of this paragraph，in association with the trim by the stern of not greater than 0.015L；

and（c）In any case the draught at the after perpendicular shall not be less than that which is necessary to obtain full immersion of the propeller．

In no case shall ballast water be carried in cargo tanks，except on those rare voyages when weather conditions are so severe that，in the opinion of the master，it is necessary to carry additional ballast water in cargo tanks for the safety of the ship，or，in exceptional cases where the particular character of the operation of an oil tanker renders it necessary to carry ballast water in excess of the quantity required，provided that such operation of the oil tanker falls under the category of exceptional cases as established by the Organization．

问题：

According to this passage，it is inferred that ________．

A.the crude oil is more pollutive than the product

B.the crude oil is less pollutive than the product

C.the crude oil and the product are equally pollutive

D.it can not tell whether the crude oil or the product is more pollutive

Ballast water ________ carried in cargo tanks on board of oil tankers．A.can be

B.can not be

C.can not，absolutely，be

D.can，only in rare or exceptional cases，be

This passage is most likely extracted from ________．A.Guide to Port Entry

B.Notices to Mariners

C.SOLAS

D.MARPOL

Assuming the length of a crude oil tanker is 200m，her max aft draft corresponding to her displacement of lightweight plus segregated ballast only should be ________．A.3m

B.4.5m

C.6m

D.7.5m

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

An important new industry, oil refining(炼油), grew after the Civil War．Crude oil,or petroleum--a dark, thick ooze from the earth--had been known for hundreds of years.But little use had ever been made of it．In the 1850s Samuel M．Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepages( 油苗)and refining it into kerosene(煤油)．Refining, like smelting(锻造), is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.

Kerosene was used to light lamps．It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get．Soon there was a large demand for kerosene．People began to search for new supplies of petroleum,

The first oil well was drilled by E．L． Drake, a retired railroad conductor．In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania．The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it "Drake's Folly"．But when he had drilled down about 70 feet (21 meters), Drake struck oil;his well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.

News of Drake's success brought oil prospectors(探寻者)to the scene, By the early 1860 s these wildcatters(盲目采油者)were drilling for "black gold" all over western Pennsylvania．The boom rivald the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere,And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush.

Crude oil could be refined into many products.For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one．It was sold in grocery stores and door to door．In the 1880s and 1890 s refiners learned how to make other petroleum(石油) products such as waxes(石蜡)and lubricating oils (润滑油)．Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.

第 31 题 What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Oil refining: a historical perspective.

B．The California gold rush: get rich quickly.

C．Private property: trespassers will be prosecuted.

D．Kerosene lamps: a light in the tunnel.

材料：

The crude oil washing installation and associated equipment and arrangements shall comply with the requirements established by the Administration．

Such requirements shall contain at least all the provisions of Specifications for the Design，Operation and Control of Crude Oil Washing Systems adopted by the International Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention，1978，in Resolution 15 and as may be revised by the Organization．

An inert gas system shall be provided in every cargo tank and slop tank in accordance with the appropriate Resolutions of Chapter II-2 of SOLAS．

With respect to the ballasting of cargo tanks，sufficient cargo tanks shall be crude oil washed prior to each ballast voyage in order that，taking into account the tanker&39;s trading pattern and expected weather conditions，ballast water is put only into cargo tanks which have been crude oil washed. Every oil tanker operating with crude oil washing systems shall be provided with an Operations and Equipment Manual detailing the system and equipment and specifying operational procedures．Such a Manual shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration and shall contain all the information set out in the Specifications referred to in this Regulation．If an alteration affecting the crude oil washing system is made，the Operations and Equipment Manual shall be revised accordingly．

问题：

According to this passage，with respect to the ballasting of cargo tanks，ballast water is put only into ________．

A.slop tanks which have been cleaned with water

B.gas freed cargo tanks

C.inertized cargo tanks

D.cargo tanks which have been crude oil washed

________ shall be approved by the Administration．A.Specifications for the Design，Operation and Control of Crude Oil Washing Systems

B.Appropriate Resolutions of Chapter II-2 of SOLAS

C.An Operations and Equipment Manual detailing the crude oil washing system and equipment and specifying operational procedures

D.International Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention，1978

This paragraph is most likely extracted from________．A.MARPOL 73/78

B.SOLAS

C.IBC

D.IGC

It can be concluded that ________．A.it is not necessary to do crude oil washing prior to ballast voyage

B.taking into account the tanker's trading pattern and expected weather conditions，it is sometimes necessary to do crude oil washing after each ballast voyage

C.if it is possible ballast water shall always be put into cargo tanks prior to commencing their crude oil washing operations

D.sufficient cargo tanks shall be crude oil washed prior to each ballast voyage in order that the tanker could be kept properly ballasted without breaking any regulations in connection with ballasting of cargo tanks

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Crude oil washing of cargo tanks has the following advantages except for .

A.reducing the erosion of the cargo tanks

B.increasing the total quantity of oil to carry

C.reducing the quantity of water contained in oil

D.reducing cargo discharged time

A. Big ships

B. Huge ships

C. Large container ships

D. Supertankers