First aid kit is one of the essential equipment of police on duty.

So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.

The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.

Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk, a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coronaries and forget their wives' birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.

The best title for the passage could be ______.

A．Work, Labor and Play

B．Ways Leading to Happiness

C．The Most Desirable Job in the World

D．The Necessity of Leisure

Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 3?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information．

A．The Norse were the first Europeans to discover North America, but little evidence remains of their settlement at Vinland．

B．The location of Vinland, the first European colony in North America, was unknown until the twenty—first century．

C．The Europeans chose Vinland as the site of their first colony because it had perfect conditions for growing grapes．

D．Eriksson's Vinland was the first European colony in North America, but scholars still disagree over exactly where it was．

听力原文： Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.

How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly. In 1900 the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year. Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other countries.

Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment.

(33)

A．More people could be educated than before.

B．More ways could he used to exchange knowledge.

C．More jobs could be provided than before.

D．More books could he printed and distributed.

According to the passage, which of the following is one of the first things to occur when cells are injured?

A．The flow of electrical impulses through nerve cells at the site of the injury is broken.

B．The production of substance P traveling through nerve cells to the brain increases.

C．Endorphins begin to speed up the response of nerve cells at the site of the injury.

D．A flood of prostaglandins sensitizes nerve endings at the site of the injury.

E．Nerve cells connected to the spinal cord become electrically quiescent.

Aids in South Africa is threatening to become a problem. At the end of 1993, 4.25% of South African adults were HIV positive. By the end of 1994, the figure was 7.57%.

This increase in a year is the largest for the spread of the virus in Africa and possibly the world, and it seems certain that 12% or more of the population will be HIV positive by Christmas.

In the worst hit area, the HIV positive rate now tops 20%. It seems South Africa is moving rapidly towards the catastrophic 35% levels of infection in East Africa. This will be the first time that the virus will have become so widespread in a sophisticated, industrialized country.

Both the present and preceding governments should bear responsibility; each was aware of the crisis and did almost nothing. There is no public campaign to promote safe sex, for example. The apartheid regime was too conscious of religious sensitivities to organize an explicit anti-Aids campaign, and the African National Congress is far too nervous about traditional African attitudes to sex.

A survey of black women in Johannesburg revealed that 75% were willing to accept condoms if they could persuade their partners to use them, but that in practice only 2% had managed to do

so. Women are the chief victims with the highest HIV-positive rates among nurses and teachers.

Many African men have responded to the epidemic by choosing younger and younger partners. There is even a myth that sex with a young enough girl can cure an Aids-stricken male. Inevitably young women are the hardest hit, a phenomenon compounded by the high incidence of rape. More than 100 rapes are reported to the authorities every day, although this figure is believed to represent a minority of actual cases.

Despite the spread of the virus, the statistics manage to struggle on to only about page six of most South African newspapers because the crisis is still in "phoney war" stage —although there are more than 1.8 million HIV-positive South Africans, relatively few of them have developed Aids. Doctors say the virus seems to be taking longer to move through its cycle here, perhaps because South Africans with their higher standards of living, are healthier and therefore more resistant than people further north in Africa.

Without doubt, the present air of complacency will vanish as soon as high profile members of the elite begin to be affected and the implications for the economy sink in. Moreover, the spread of the virus may greatly damage the present racial reconciliation in South Africa, since Aids is now overwhelmingly a disease of blacks, and many whites are beginning to see almost every African as an Aids risk.

According to the passage, which of the following is not blamed as the factor that prevents anti- Aids campaign?

A．Over sensitive to religious belief.

B．Traditional African attitude to sex.

C．High standard of living.

D．The myth about having intercourse with a virgin.

College is one of the most crucial periods in the growth and development of an individual, and how to make the most of the college years remains open to discussion. As a college student, your understanding of the greatest value of college will determine how you spend your college years. Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: The Greatest Value of College You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Aspirin is one of the safest and most effective drugs invented by man. The most popular medicine in the world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its bad effects are relatively mild. It is also cheap.

For millions of people suffering from arthritis, it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also the second largest suicide drug and is the leading cause of poisoning among children. It has side effects that, although relatively mild, are largely unrecognized among users.

Although aspirin was first sold by a German company in 1899, it has been around much longer than that. Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of tree barks and leaves which today are known to contain a chemical found in aspirin. During the 19th century. there was a great deal of experimentation in Europe with this chemical, and it led to the introduction of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were available in the United States.

A small quantity of aspirin relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces fever by affecting some of the body's reactions. Aspirin is very irritating to the stomach lining. The best way is to chew the tablets before swallowing them with water, but few people can stand the bitter taste. Some people suggest crashing the tablets in milk or orange juice.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Aspirin is good to arthritis sufferers.

B．Aspirin may be used as suicide drug.

C．Aspirin is dangerous to small children.

D．Aspirin has unrecognizable side effects.