Sometimes, success or failure depends less on external factors but ___________ on one's mindset.

Schools are not just a microcosm (缩影) of society: they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside—at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright (直接地). Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime-treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados-appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can’t afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours. Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children’s passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life’s possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests. In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising (资金筹集), with the proceeds (收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit. But ￡3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over ￡30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind. The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips. which are becoming increasingly common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged. (2019.12 六级真题) Q1: What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?

A、Events aiming to improve community services.

B、Activities that help to fuel students’ ingenuity.

C、Events that require mutual understanding.

D、Activities involving all students on campus.

A new World Bank report warns that children who do not get enough good food in the first two years of life suffer lasting damage. They may be underdeveloped or underweight. They may suffer from poor health or limited intelligence. In addition, poorly nourished children are more likely to drop out of school and earn less money as adults.

The report notes that too little food is not the only cause of poor nutrition. Many children who live in homes with plenty of food suffer for other reasons. For example, the study says that mothers often fail to give their newly born babies their first breast milk. This milk-like substance is called colostrums(初乳). It is full of nutrients that improve a baby's ability to fight infections and disease.

The study also links malnutrition(营养不良) to economic growth in poor countries. A lack of nutrition in early childhood can cost developing nations up to three percent of their yearly earnings. Many of these same countries have economies that are growing at a rate of two to three percent yearly. The study suggests that poor countries could possibly double their economic growth if they improved nutrition.

Africa and South Asia are affected the most by poor nutrition. The study says about half of all children in India do not get enough good food. The World Bank study also notes that rates of malnutrition in South Asia are almost double those in central and southern Africa. Other parts of the world are also severely affected, including Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Guatemala and Peru.

The study recommends that developing countries change their policies to deal with malnutrition. Instead of directly providing food, the study suggests educational programs in health and nutrition for mothers with young babies. It also recommends cleaner living conditions mad improvements in health care.

World Bank nutrition specialist Meera Shekar said the period of life between pregnancy and two years is extremely important. Governments with limited resources should take direct action to improve nutrition for children during this period.

What's the main topic of the passage?

A．Poor nutrition in developing countries.

B．World Bank research.

C．Economic growth rate.

D．Ways to fight malnutrition in developed countries.

A new World Bank report warns that children who do not get enough good food in the first two years of life suffer lasting damage. They may be underdeveloped or underweight. They may suffer from poor health or limited intelligence. In addition, poorly nourished children are more likely to drop out of school and earn less money as adults.

The report notes that too little food is not the only cause of poor nutrition. Many children who live in homes with plenty of food suffer for other reasons. For example, the study says that mothers often fail to give their newly born babies their first breast milk. This milk-like substance is called colostrum(初乳). It is full of nutrients that improve a baby's ability to fight infections and disease.

The study also links malnutrition(营养不良)to economic growth in poor countries. A lack of nutrition in early childhood can cost developing nations up to three percent of their yearly earnings. Many of these same countries have economies that are growing at a rate of two to three percent yearly. The study suggests that poor countries could possibly double their economic growth if they improved nutrition.

Africa and South Asia are affected the most by poor nutrition. The study says about half of all children in India do not get enough good food. The World Bank study also notes that rates of malnutrition in South Asia are almost double those in central and southern Africa. Other parts of the world are also severely affected, including Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Guatemala and Peru.

The study recommends that developing countries change their policies to deal with malnutrition. Instead of directly providing food, the study suggests educational programs in health and nutrition for mothers with young babies. It also recommends cleaner living conditions and improvements in health care.

World Bank nutrition specialist Meera Shekar said the period of life between pregnancy and two years is extremely important. Governments with limited resources should take direct action to improve nutrition for children during this period.

What's the main topic of the passage?

A．Poor nutrition in developing countries.

B．World Bank research.

C．Economic growth rate.

D．Ways to fight malnutrition in developed countries.

请根据以下内容回答 61～65 题：

英译中

1 )In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to fur the sharing. 2 )In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than their parents did and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooper ation rather than by the "battle of the sexes".

If the process goes too far and man's role is not regarded as important as before -and that has happened in some cases - we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.

We should reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of "Momism" ,but we don't want to change it into a"Neo-papism". What we need is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equality. 3)There are signs that psychologists and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit,nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is at home. 4)We are beginning ,however,to study a man's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.

5)The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family member needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.

Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is relevant not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.

第 61 题 第1题的答案是__________.

A new World Bank report warns that children who do not get enough good food in the first two years of life suffer lasting damage. They may be underdeveloped or underweight. They may suffer from poor health or limited intelligence. In addition, poorly nourished children are more likely to drop out of school and earn less money as adults.

The report notes that too little food is not the only cause of poor nutrition. Many children who live in homes with plenty of food suffer for other reasons. For example, the study says that mothers often fail to give their newly born babies their breast milk. This milk-like substance is called colostrums (初乳). It is full of nutrients that improve a baby’s ability’s to fight infections and disease.

The study also links malnutrition (营养不良) to economic growth in poor countries. A lack of nutrition in early childhood can cost developing nations up to three percent of their yearly earning. Many of these same countries have economies that are growing at a rate of two to three percent yearly. The study suggests that poor countries could possibly double their economic growth if they improved nutrition.

Africa and South Asia are affected the most by poor nutrition. The study says about half of all children in India do not get enough good food. The World Bank study also notes that rates of malnutrition in South Asia are almost double those in central and southern Africa. Other parts of the world are also severely affected, including Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Guatemala and Peru.

The study recommends that developing countries change their policies to deal with malnutrition. Instead of directly providing food, the study suggests educational programs in health and nutrition for mothers with young babies. It also recommends cleaner living conditions and improvements in health care.

World Bank nutrition specialist Meera Shekar said the period of life between pregnancy and two years is extremely important. Governments with limited resources should take direct action to improve nutrition for children during this period.

What’s the main topic of the passage?

A.Poor nutrition in developing countries.

B.World Bank research.

C.Economic growth rate.

D.Ways to fight malnutrition in developed countries.

It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that children who get sufficient food might suffer malnutrition because____________ .A.they eat too much rubbish food everyday

B.they take little physical exercise

C.they are lacking in some kinds of necessary nutrients

D.their mothers do not have time to take care of them in the day

If a poor country managed to provide enough food for children, the yearly economic growth rate would__________A.drop

B.not change

C.rise

D.exceed 2 percent

According to Paragraph 4, nearly 50 percent of children suffer malnutrition in__________A.Uzbekistan

B.South Asia

C.South Africa

D.India

Meera Shekar believes that poor countries should help malnourished children by__________ .A.providing food directly

B.educational programs in health and nutrition

C.improvement living condition

D.improving health care

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

How was colonists' first year's crop?

A．The year's harvest was a dismal failure.

B．The bounteous harvest pleased everyone.

C．The land could have yielded a larger harvest.

D．That year's crop set a new record.

The Role of Religion in Korean Higher Education

It is widely believed that religious traditions, such as Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and Christianity, had great effects on the entirety of Korean culture and society. Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism were amalgamated into Korean culture and became, in the main, axes of Korean traditional religious thought, in addition to Korean folk beliefs and shamanism. From an educational point of view, Buddhism and Confucianism had a significant impact on formal and informal elite education in the early Korean states and still remains important. Taoism, on the other hand, has affected internal and external life as opposed to Korean education. Christianity, a newly grafted religion, has also exerted an important influence upon the development of modern higher education. Therefore, the parameters of the study are Buddhism, Confucianism and Christianity.

Throughout the history of Korean education, religion and education are inseparable. The examination of the role of religion in Korean higher education gives Western educators historically valuable ideas about religious components in Korean higher education. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the role of religion in Korean elite and higher education during the premodern and modern periods. In this study, "premodern era" is defined as the fourth century to the late nineteenth century, and "modern period" from 1880 to 1910.

Numerous studies have shown that religious thought has affected the spiritual and practical worlds in premodern and contemporary Korea. However, several studies examining the influence of religions and philosophical thought on Korean education indicate that three religious traditions -- Buddhism, Confucianism and Christianity -- had an enormous impact on premodern and modern education in Korea.

In terms of Korean educational history and philosophy, there are few studies that examine the religious and philosophical ideas that historically affect Korean higher education. Kim briefly analyzes the basic philosophy and organization of Korean higher education, and Lee reviews religious and philosophical factors influencing the development of Korean higher education in terms of educational administrative theory and practice. Studies concerning the role of religion in premodern elite and modern higher education have yet to be conducted. For this reason, this study will focus on the contribution of Buddhism and Confucianism to premodern elite education in Korea, particularly the interaction between Confucianism and Christianity with modern higher education in Korea and on the role of religion in current Korean higher education.

______ has been believed NOT to have much influence on the Korean higher education.

A．Buddhism

B．Confucianism

C．Taoism

D．Christianity