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We need to work ______ ensuring that the children feel safe and confident.

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第1题

For years people have been saying that the railways are dead. We all keep hearing that trains are slow, that they lose money, that they’re dying. But this is far from the true. In these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you want to carry people or goods from place to place, they’re cheaper than planes. And they have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and so does a railway. What is more, a railway takes you from the heart of a city center. It doesn’t hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams. And a single train can carry goods which no plane or motorcar could ever do.

Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive. Modern railway lines give you a smooth, untroubled journey. Where else can you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning. For we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains traveling at 150 miles an hour and more. Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorways we can’t use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can’t fly in for the same reason.

1. Some people think the railways are dead for many reasons EXCEPT that ____.

A. planes and motorcars have taken the place of trains

B. oil is expensive today

C. trains are slow

D. railways lose money

2. The writers idea seems to be that ______.

A. we can do without railways

B. trains have much in common with motorcars and planes

C. motorcars and planes are not as good as trains

D. trains are as good as motorcars and planes

3. According to the writer, which of the following is NOT the advantage of railways?

A. It is cheaper to travel by train than by plane.

B. Super-fast trains travel even faster than planes.

C. The railway station is usually at the center of a city.

D. A train carries more goods than a motorcar or plane does.

4. The writer thinks that the railways, far from being dead, are very much alive because ___________.

A. we can have a smooth and untroubled journey

B. we’ll not have enough money to fly everywhere

C. we can now travel in super-fast trains

D. all of the above

5. The best title for this passage may be ________.

A. The Best Choice: Train, Motorcar or Plane

B. The Dying Railways

C. Super-fast Trains in the Future

D. Not the End, But the Beginning

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第2题

Think of the ocean on a calm day. Ignoring the rise and fall of the waves, you might imagine the surface was dead flat the whole way across. You'd be wrong. Hills and valleys are as much as a feature of the sea as the land, although on a much smaller scale.

These undulations have a variety of causes. Tides, currents, eddies, winds, river flow and changes in salinity and temperature push the sea level up in some places and down in others by as much as 2 meters. Ever tried swimming uphill?

How do we map these oceanic hills and valleys? First, we need to know what the planet would look like without them. This is where the geoid (大地水准面) comes in. It is a surface where the Earth's gravitational potential is equal and which best fits the global mean sea level. It is approximately an ellipsoid, though uneven distribution of mass within the Earth means that it can vary from this ideal by up to 150 meters.

The geoid represents the shape the sea surface would be if the oceans were net moving and affected only by gravity. Thus it can be used as a reference to measure any deviations in the ocean surface height that aren't caused by gravity—the hills and valleys, for instance, or any regional increase in sea level.

So how do you measure the geoid and the ocean's irregular topography? It's complicated. Geophysicists calculate the geoid using data on variation in gravitational acceleration from several dozen satellites.

The hills and valleys of the oceans are all very interesting, but can the geoid tell us anything more significant about the state of the planet? It certainly can. Knowing accurately where the geoid lies and how the Ocean surface deviates from it will help meteorologists spot changes in Ocean currents associated with climate change. The circumpolar current around Antarctic is one they are particularly interested in.

It can also predict local climate variations produced by events such as El Nino, El Nino keeps warm water that would normally move westwards close to the coast of South America, deprives Southeast Asia of its monsoon rains, and increases rainfall on the west coast of the Ametlca. Since temperature changes cause changes in sea level, geoid-watchers should be able to prepare us before it strikes.

From the first paragraph, we can learn that______.

A．the surface of the sea is a dead flat on a calm day

B．the sea waves are caused by a variety of factors

C．it's a good idea to swim uphill, sometime

D．hills and valleys only exist on land

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第3题

听力原文：W: Let's continue with the issue involving the mother caught on videotape who was hitting her child.

What's your opinion on the adopted Romanian children who suffer neglect, trauma and abuse during childhood?

M: I say that all the children should be removed from the parents, and that the parents need to attend parenting classes, and that the children could be referred to a safe place and meet with the parents two to three hours out of a week and they would be supervised.

W: Now you're a social worker, right?

M: Correct, I am.

W: When a kid is removed at that young age, what kind of trauma does the child go through and how long does it last?

M: Usually the child is very happy and they are glad to see the parents and what I've seen happen all too often is that the parents don't show up on time or at all.

W: Yeah, but if you're physically removing the child from the house, from the parents, okay, what kind of trauma does that bring to the children? Do they get depressed? Do they cry? What do they do?

M: A lot, well at first, yes they cry. And when they're in an environment that is treating them much better and they're happy, then it's.

W: Then it goes away.

M: Yes it does.

W: In the long run they are resilient. I think. I mean, you have the damage inflicted, but I've seen children just the worst. I mean particularly kids overseas--these Romanian babies and people like that. Once they get into an environment where they feel secure and loved—it's like flowers, they bloom.

M: Yes, they do.

W: And that's the resiliency that was being talked about.

M: Right, and that's why I am for removing the children until the parents get the help they need. There are court ordered parenting classes.

W: I agree.

(20)

A．He cries all the time all the way.

B．He feels happy since he is freer than before.

C．His parents do not visit him on schedule.

D．His parents miss him too much to stand the departure.

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第4题

第三篇

Who Came First， the Chicken or the Egg？

I just mailed the chicken and the egg, each in its own separate packaging, and kept careful track of when each shipment was sent from a post office in Cambridge,

Massachusetts, and when it later arrived at its intended destination in New York City.

In mailing the chicken, I was careful to adhere to the restrictions described in the American Postal Service's Domestic Mail Manual 57, as updated on April 3, 2003. This, the most recent, version of the Manual states that: "Adult chickens must be sent by Express Mail. The containers used must pass the standards in International Safe Transit Association Test Procedure IA; be strong enough to endure normal handling; and ensure enough air for the chickens in transit. The number of birds must not be more than the container's limit."

I mailed the chicken in a wooden box got from a colleague who does research with birds.

Then, I mailed the egg in standard packaging obtained through an industrial supplier. It's quite simple.

I posted both the chicken and the egg at 9:40 am, on a Monday morning, from the Harvard Square post office, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The staff there told me that this was the first chicken anyone had mailed from there in recent memory, and perhaps ever. They handled both the chicken and the egg skillfully and politely.

The intended destination for both packages was the James A. Farley General Post Office, which is located in Manhattan right next to the Penn Station train terminal.

I took the subway from the Harvard Square to the Boston train station, and from there boarded a train to New York City, a distance of about 320 kilometers, arriving that afternoon at Penn Station. I immediately went to the post office, to await the arrivals of the chicken and the egg.

The James A. Farley General Post Office is open 24 hours a day, so I was able to wait there until both items arrived. I inquired once per hour for both the chicken and the egg.

That day, Monday, neither the chicken nor the egg arrived. The next day, Tuesday, neither the chicken nor the egg arrived.

The chicken arrived at 10:31 am, Wednesday. The staff at the post office told me that this was the first chicken anyone had mailed to the post office in recent memory, and perhaps ever. The egg arrived that same day, at 9:37pm, 11 hours after the chicken.

Based on experiment data, it's now quite clear that the chicken came first, the egg second.

41 Which of the following is NOT required of a container?

A．It should be ventilated.

B．It should be made of steel.

C．It should be sufficiently large.

D．It should be strong.

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第5题

Concerns a few years ago that students would be forced to use stimulants in the fight for class rank and honors thus seem to be exaggerating, but the reality is equally disturbing: a lifestyle【M1】______ running contrary to all the work habits that higher education stands for. There s an intriguing historic precedent at the origins of【M2】______ amphetamines. Introduced in 1938 under the trademark Pervitin as the answer to American Benzedrin, they were less an imposition of Nazi authorities and military commanders but a popular coping【M3】______ mechanism for stressed wartime soldiers and civilians like,【M4】______ according to a study by Dutch historians of medicine. Many students and professionals were described Pervitin for【M5】______ performance, but others took it recreationally. And there was even an early intimation of the 1960s drug culture. The physician-writer Gottfried Benn wanted amphetamines to be used by infantrymen【M6】______ but by students, to develop the human brain to new levels—how lucky he was that he didnt live to see the decline of his ideals among undergraduates. The trouble with considering policy for performance- enhancing use of drugs like Adderall is in what was already【M7】______ apparent in the 1930s: people use them for similar purposes,【M8】______ sometimes productively and sometimes disastrously, something German physicians called "the toxic equation." But the contemporary American debate has alarming side not present at【M9】______ the beginning, the idea that performance-enhancement is "cheating." Does that mean drinking at Starbucks is doping? Its a counterproductive argument so it assumes that these drugs work【M10】______ consistently and give users an organic advantage, as opposed to the placebo effect. Its much better to address the patterns that lead to abuse.

【M1】

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