Je voudrais acheter des fruits ______ le marchand de fruits.

The Middle Ages is not noted for its scientific knowledge and achievement. For one thing, medieval philosophy suffered from the dictation of the Church. It was merely an endeavor to give a scientific statement of medieval theology. Another thing that hindered the progress of science in the Middle Ages was a misrepresentation of, and a lavish devotion to, Aristotle. His theories were accepted by medieval men as pure gold, and his writings were regarded as a bible. So they became a roadblock to scientific progress.

However, in the 13th century, there appeared a few scholars who criticized the habit of relying on Aristotle for all knowledge. The most distinguished of them was Roger Bacon, an English monk and philosopher. Bacon declared that even if Aristotle were very wise he had only planted the tree of knowledge and that this had "not as yet put forth all its branches nor produced all its fruits." He held that truth could be reached a hundred thousand times better by experiments with real things than by poring over the bad Latin translation of Aristotle.

Bacon was interested in any subject that he thought could broaden man' s understanding of the world. He made many important discoveries and speculated about such things as gunpowder, flying machines, telescopes, and mechanically driven carriages. Greater than any of these was the scientific method that he employed. The most far-sighted of his beliefs was that observation and experiment are essential to an understanding of nature. He was one of the forerunners of the experimental and applied science of modern times.

It was not until the 17th century that the scientific method championed by Roger Bacon was set forth anew and rendered fruitful by Francis Bacon and Descartes.

Francis Bacon was the most eloquent representative of the new science which renounced authority and relied upon experiment. In his Advancement of Learning, he urged that men should cease to rely upon the textbooks, like Aristotle, and turn to a careful examination of animals, plants, and chemicals, with a view of learning about them and using the knowledge thus gained to improve the condition of mankind.

Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician, was interested in many subjects. Throughout his varied career he held fast to the conviction that science depends no; upon the authority of ancient books but upon the observation of facts. Once, pointing to a basket of rabbits that he was about to dissect, he told a visitor, "Here are my books." He could not see any reason why the old authorities should be right. So he boldly set to work to think out a wholly new philosophy that was entirely the result of his own reasoning.

As can be gathered from the passage, Aristotle's theories ______ in the Middle Ages.

A．were ignored by most scholars

B．hindered scientific progress

C．were declared as heresy

D．were basis of important discoveries

A．Turner is more interested in the notice of "Open for Devon Cream Teas" than the Town Hall.

B．Donald does not watch television too often because he believes that television programs do not provide enough background for what happened in the world.

C．Donald thinks that a Devon cream tea is better than a tin of cold beans.

D．Turner asks Donald to get him a newspaper because he wants to know about the weather.

One reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation is a blank stare that asks the question, "Since I don't live in the tropics, what docs it have to do with me?" The answer is that your way of life, wherever you live in the world, is tied to the tropics in many ways. If you live in a house, wash your hair, eat fruit and vegetables, drink soda, or drive a car, you can be certain that you are affected by the loss of tropical forests. Biologically, we are losing the richest regions on earth when, each minute, a piece of tropical forest the size of ten city blocks vanishes. As many as five million species of plants, animals and insects, 40 to 50 percent of all living things, live there, and are being irrevocably lost faster than they can be found and described. Their loss is incalculable.

Take medicine, for example. Fewer than one percent of tropical forest plants have been examined for their chemical compounds. Nonetheless, scientists have integrated a wealth of important plants into our everyday lives. The West African calabar bean is used to treat glaucoma, while the sankerfoot plant of India yields reserpine, essential for treating hypertension. A West African vine provides the basis for strophanthus, a heart medicine. Quinine, an alkaloid derived from boiling the bark of the cinchona tree, is used to prevent and treat malaria. Derivatives from the rosy periwinkle offer a 99 percent chance of remission for victims of lymphocytic leukemia, as well as a 59 percent chance of recovery from Hodgkin's disease. In fact, of the 3,000 plant species in the world known to contain anti-cancer properties, 2,100 are from the tropical rain forest. Then there is robber. For many uses, only natural rubber from trees will do, synthetics am not good enough. Today, over half of the world's commercial rubber is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, while the Amazon's rubber industry produces much of the world's four million tons. Adding ammonia to rubber produces latex which is used for surgical gloves, balloons, adhesives, and foam robber. Latex, plus a weak mixture of acid results in sheet rubber used for footwear and many sporting goods, laterally thousands of tropical plants are valuable for their industrial uses. Many provide fiber and canes for furniture, soundproofing and insulation. Palm oil, a product of the tropics, brings to your table margarine, cooking oil, bakery products, and candles. Palm nut oil, from the seed kernel in side the fruit, is found in soap, candles, and mayonnaise. The sap from Amazonian copaiba trees, poured straight into a fuel tank, can power a truck. At present, 20 percent of Brazil's diesel fuel comes from this tree. An expanded use of this might reduce our dependency on irreplaceable fossil fuels.

Many scientists assert that deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect, the heating of the earth from increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As we destroy forests, we lose their ability to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. Carbon dioxide levels could double within the next half-century, warming the earth by as much as 4.5 degrees. The result? A partial melt-down of the polar ice caps, raising sea levels as much as 24 feet. A rise of 15 feet would threaten anyone living within 35 miles of the coast. Farfetched? Perhaps, but scientists warn that by the time we realize the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late. Can tropical deforestation affect our everyday lives? We only have to look at the catalogued tropical forests and the abundance of wondrous products from which we benefit every day to know the answer. After all, the next discovery could be a cure for cancer or the common cold, or the answer to feeding the hungry, or fuelling our world for centuries to come.

According to the information contained in the article, tropical deforestation ______.

A．will continue relentlessly and cannot be prevented

B．may have critical consequences for the survival of mankind

C．is not a really serious problem and reports have been widely exaggerated

D．is necessary for the economic development of non-industrialized countries

One reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation is a blank stare that asks the question, "Since I don't live in the tropics, what does it have to do with me?" The answer is that your way of life, wherever you live in the world, is tied to the tropics in many ways. If you live in a house, wash your hair, eat fruit and vegetables, drink soda, or drive a car, you can be certain that you are affected by the loss of tropical forests. Biologically, we are losing the richest regions on earth when, each minute, a piece of tropical forest the size of ten city blocks vanishes. As many as five million species of plants, animals and insects, 40 to 50 percent of all living things, live there, and are being irrevocably lost faster than they can be found and described. Their loss is incalculable.

Take medicine, for example. Fewer than one percent of tropical forest plants have been examined for their chemical compounds. Nonetheless, scientists have integrated a wealth of important plants into our everyday lives. The West African calabar bean is used to treat glaucoma, while the sankerfoot plant of India yields reserpine, essential for treating hypertension. A West African vine provides the basis for strophanthus, a heart medicine. Quinine, an alkaloid derived from boiling the bark of the cinchona tree, is used to prevent and treat malaria. Derivatives from the rosy periwinkle offer a 99 percent chance of remission for victims of lymphocytie leukemia, as well as a 59 percent chance of recovery from Hodgkin' s disease. In fact, of the 3,000 plant species in the world known to contain anti-cancer properties, 2,100 ate from the tropical rain forest. Then there is rubber. For many uses, only natural rubber from trees will do, synthetics are not good enough. Today, over half of the world' s commercial rubber is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, while the Amazon' s rubber industry produces much of the world' s four million tons. Adding ammonia to rubber produces latex which is used for surgical gloves, balloons, adhesives, and foam rubber. Latex, plus a weak mixture of acid results in sheet rubber used for footwear and many sporting goods. Literally thousands of tropical plants are valuable for their industrial uses. Many provide fiber and canes for furniture, soundproofing and insulation. Palm oil, a product of tile tropics, brings to your table margarine, cooking oil, bakery products, and candles. Palm nut oil, from the seed kernel inside the fruit, is found in soap, candles, and mayonnaise. The sap from Amazonian copaiba trees, poured straight into a fuel tank, can power a truck. At present, 20 percent of Brazil ' s diesel fuel comes from this tree. An expanded use of this might reduce our dependency on irreplaceable fossil fuels.

Many scientists assert that deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect, the heating of the earth from increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As we destroy forests, we lose their ability to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. Carbon dioxide levels could double within the next half-century, warming the earth by as much as 4.5 degrees. The result.'? A partial melt-down of the polar ice caps, raising sea levels as much as 24 feet. A rise of 15 feet would threaten anyone living within 35 miles of the coast. Far-fetched? Perhaps, but scientists warn that by the time we realize the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late. Can tropical deforestation affect our everyday lives? We only have to look at the catalogued tropical forests and the abundance of wondrous products from which we benefit every day to know the answer. After all, the next discovery could be a cure for cancer or the common cold, or the answer to feeding the hungry, or fuelling our world for centuries to come.

According to the information contained in the article, tropical deforestation______.

A．will continue relentlessly and cannot be prevented

B．may have critical consequences for tile survival of mankind

C．is not a really serious problem and reports have been widely exaggerated

D．is necessary for the economic development of non-industrialized countries

One reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation is a blank stare that asks the question, "Since I don't live in the tropics, what does it have to do with me?" The answer is that your way of life, wherever you live in the world, is tied to the tropics in many ways. If you live in a house, wash your hair, eat fruit and vegetables, drink soda, or drive a car, you can be certain that you are affected by the loss of tropical' forests. Biologically, we are losing the richest regions on earth when, each minute, a piece of tropical forest the size of ten city blocks vanishes. As many as five million species of plants, animals and insects, 40 to 50 percent of all living things, live there, and are being irrevocably lost faster than they can be found and described. Their loss is incalculable.

Take medicine, for example. Less than one percent of tropical forest plants have been examined for their chemical compounds. Nonetheless, scientists have integrated a wealth of important plants into our everyday lives. The West African calabar bean is used to treat glaucoma, while the sankerfoot plant of India yields reserpine, essential for treating hypertension. A West African vine provides the basis for strophanthus, a heart medicine. Quinine, an alkaloid derived from boiling the bark of the cinchona tree, is used to prevent and treat malaria. Derivatives from the rosy periwinkle offer a 99 percent chance of remission for victims of lymphocytic leukemia, as well as a 59 percent chance of recovery from Hodgkin's disease. In fact, of the 3, 000 plant species in the world known to contain anti-cancer properties, 2, 100 are from the tropical rain forest. Then there is rubber. For many uses, only natural rubber from trees will do, synthetics are not good enough. Today, over half of the world's commercial rubber is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, while the Amazon's rubber industry produces much of the world's four million tons. Adding ammonia to rubber produces latex which is used for surgical gloves, balloons, adhesives, and foam rubber. Latex, plus a weak mixture of acid results in sheet rubber used for footwear and many sporting goods. Literally thousands of tropical plants are valuable for their industrial uses. Many provide fiber and canes for furniture, soundproofing and insulation. Palm oil, a product of the tropics, brings to your table margarine, cooking oil, bakery products, and candles. Palm nut oil, from the seed kernel inside the fruit, is found in soap, candles, and mayonnaise. The sap from Amazonian copaiba trees, poured straight into a fuel tank, can power a truck. At present, 20 percent of Brazil's diesel fuel comes from this tree. An expanded use of this might reduce our dependency on irreplaceable fossil fuels.

Many scientists assert that deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect, the heating of the earth from increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As we destroy forests, we lose their ability to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. Carbon dioxide levels could double within the next half-century, warming the earth by as much as 4. 5 degrees. The result? A partial meltdown of the polar ice caps, raising sea levels as much as 24 feet. A rise of 15 feet would threaten anyone living within 35 miles of the coast. Far-fetched? Perhaps, but scientists warn that by the time we realize the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late. Can tropical deforestation affect our everyday lives? We only have to look at the catalogued tropical forests and the abundance of wondrous products from which we benefit every day to know the answer. After all, the next discovery could be a cure for cancer or the common cold, or the answer to feeding the hungry, or fuelling our world for centuries to come.

According to the information contained in the article, tropical deforestation ______.

A．will continue relentlessly and cannot be prevented

B．may have critical consequences for the survival of mankind

C．is not a really serious problem and reports have been widely exaggerated

D．is necessary for the economic development of non-industrialized countries

One reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation is a blank stare that asks the question, "Since I don't live in the tropics, what does it have to do with me?" The answer is that your way of life, wherever you live in the world, is tied to the tropics in many ways. If you live in a house, wash your hair, eat fruit and vegetables, drink soda, or drive a car, you can be certain that you are affected by the loss of tropical' forests. Biologically, we are losing the richest regions on earth when, each minute, a piece of tropical forest the size of ten city blocks vanishes. As many as five million species of plants, animals and insects, 40 to 50 percent of all living things, live there, and are being irrevocably lost faster than they can be found and described. Their loss is incalculable.

Take medicine, for example. Less than one percent of tropical forest plants have been examined for their chemical compounds. Nonetheless, scientists have integrated a wealth of important plants into our everyday lives. The West African calabar bean is used to treat glaucoma, while the sankerfoot plant of India yields reserpine, essential for treating hypertension. A West African vine provides the basis for strophanthus, a heart medicine. Quinine, an alkaloid derived from boiling the bark of the cinchona tree, is used to prevent and treat malaria. Derivatives from the rosy periwinkle offer a 99 percent chance of remission for victims of lymphocytic leukemia, as well as a 59 percent chance of recovery from Hodgkin's disease. In fact, of the 3, 000 plant species in the world known to contain anti-cancer properties, 2, 100 are from the tropical rain forest. Then there is rubber. For many uses, only natural rubber from trees will do, synthetics are not good enough. Today, over half of the world's commercial rubber is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, while the Amazon's rubber industry produces much of the world's four million tons. Adding ammonia to rubber produces latex which is used for surgical gloves, balloons, adhesives, and foam rubber. Latex, plus a weak mixture of acid results in sheet rubber used for footwear and many sporting goods. Literally thousands of tropical plants are valuable for their industrial uses. Many provide fiber and canes for furniture, soundproofing and insulation. Palm oil, a product of the tropics, brings to your table margarine, cooking oil, bakery products, and candles. Palm nut oil, from the seed kernel inside the fruit, is found in soap, candles, and mayonnaise. The sap from Amazonian copaiba trees, poured straight into a fuel tank, can power a truck. At present, 20 percent of Brazil's diesel fuel comes from this tree. An expanded use of this might reduce our dependency on irreplaceable fossil fuels.

Many scientists assert that deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect, the heating of the earth from increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As we destroy forests, we lose their ability to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. Carbon dioxide levels could double within the next half-century, warming the earth by as much as 4. 5 degrees. The result? A partial meltdown of the polar ice caps, raising sea levels as much as 24 feet. A rise of 15 feet would threaten anyone living within 35 miles of the coast. Far-fetched? Perhaps, but scientists warn that by the time we realize the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late. Can tropical deforestation affect our everyday lives? We only have to look at the catalogued tropical forests and the abundance of wondrous products from which we benefit every day to know the answer. After all, the next discovery could be a cure for cancer or the common cold, or the answer to feeding the hungry, or fuelling our world for centuries to come.

According to the information contained in the article, tropical deforestation ______.

A．will continue relentlessly and cannot be prevented

B．may have critical consequences for the survival of mankind

C．is not a really serious problem and reports have been widely exaggerated

D．is necessary for the economic development of non-industrialized countries

Terms of Payment

  By irrevocable letter of credit for 90% of the total invoice value of the goods to be shipped, in favor of the Sellers, payable at the issuing bank against the Sellers'draft at sight accompanied by the shipping documents stipulated in the Credit． The balance of 10% of the proceeds is to be paid only after the goods have been inspected and approved at the port of destination．

制作保险单(2009年单证员考试试题) 已知资料1： SALES CONTRACT Date：FEB．18，2009 Contract No．：NJT0902 18 Signed at：Nanjing，China The Seller：NANJING JINLING TEXTILE CO．，LTD． Address：UNITA 18／F，JIHLINGTOWER，NO．118JIHLINGROAD，NANJING,CI-IINA The Buyer：DEXICA SUPERMART S．A． Address：BOULEVARD PACHEC0 44，B-1000 BRUSSELS，BELGIUM This Sales Contract is made by and between the Sellers and the Buyers，whereby the sellers agree to sell and buyers agree to buy the under-mentioned goods according to the terms and conditions stipulated below：

10％more or less in quantity and amount are acceptable． Packing： IN CARTON Shipping Mark：N／M Time of Shipment：Within 30 days after receipt of L／C． From NINGBO PORT、CHINA TO BRUSSELS．BELGIUM Transshipment and Partial Shipment：Allowed． Insurance：to be effected by the Seller for 110％of full invoice value covering all risks up to port of destination and war risks included with claim payable at destination． Terms of Payment：By 100％Irrevocable Letter of Credit in favor of the Sellers to be—available by sight draft to be opened and to reach China before APRIL 1，2009 and to remain valid for negotiation in China until the 21 days after the foresaid Time of Shipment．L／C must mention this contract number L／C advised by BANK 0F CHINA JIANGSU BRANCH．ALL banking Charges outside China are for account of the Buyer． The Seller The Buyer NANJING 31NLING TEXTILE CO．，LTD． DEXICA SUPERMART S．A． 钟山 ALICE 已知资料2： 1．装运信息：指定APL承运，装期2009．04．19；船名PRINCESS：航次V．018 2．装箱资料：合计108箱，装入1X20’集装箱。 3．商业发票号：NJT09021 8-09，签发日期2009年4月10日． 4．信用证号：CMKK9180205