The esteem needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is （）

A．A person’s needs for security and protection from physical and emotion harm as well as assurance that physical needs will continue to be met．

B．A person’s needs for internal esteem factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement and external esteem factors such as status, recognition, and attention．

C．A person’s needs for affection, belongingness, acceptance,and friendship

D．A person’s needs for growth, achieving one’s potential, and self-fulfillment; the drive to become what one is capable of becoming．

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第1题

Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior. is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements (引诱)which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.

Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-realization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy(等级制度 )whereby the lower-order needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play.

One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization, that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and self-realization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as association with others, self-respect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.

According to Maslow, a work organization is able to motivate people to work by______.

A．satisfying their physiological needs

B．satisfying their self-realization needs

C．satisfying hierarchy of their higher-order needs

D．first satisfying their lower-order needs

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第2题

The beauty of software is in its funciion ,in its internal srurcture,and in zhe way inwhich it is created by a team. To a user，a program with just the right features presented through an intuitive and （） interface is beautiful.To a soware designer，an intemal sucre that is partitioned in a simple and intuitive manner，and that minirnÍzes intemal coupling is beautiful.To developers and managers ，a motivated tenof developers makingignificant progress eve week，and producing defect-free code，is beautifu l. There is beauty on all these levels. Our world needs software -- 10ts of syears ago soware was something that ran in a few big and expensive machines. years ago it was something that ran in most companies and industrial settings. Now there is sware running in our cell phones ， watches ，appliances，automobi1es ，toys，and tools. And need for new and betler soware never （） As our civilization grows and expands，as developirig nations build their masuctures，as deve10ped nations striveωachieve ever greater efficiencies，the need for more and more software （）to increase. It would be a great shame if，in all that soware，there was no beauty. We know that soware can be uglWe know that it can be hard to use，unreliable ，and carelessly structured. We know that there are software systems whose tangled and careless intemal structures make them expensive and difficult to change. We know that there are soware systems that present their features through an awkward and cumbersome interface.We know that there are software systems that crash and misbehave. These are （） systems. Unfortunately ，as a profession ，soware developers tend to create more ugly systems than beautiful ones. There is a secret at the best sofuλrare developers know. Beauty is cheaper than ugliness. Beauty is faster than ugliness. A beautiful soware system can be built and maintained in less time，and for less money，than an ugly one. Novice soware developers don&39;t understand is. They think that they have to do everything fast and quick.They think that beauty is （）. No! By doing things fast and quick，they make messes that make the software stiff and hard to understand. Beautiful systems are flexible and easy to understand. Building them and maintaining them is a joy. It is ugliness that is impractical.Ugliness will slow you down and make your software expensive and brittle. Beautiful systems cost the least to build and maintain ，and are delivered soonest.

A.simpleB. HardC.complexD. duplicatedA. happensB. ExistsC.stopsD.startsA.startsB. continuesC.appearsD. StopsA.practicalB. usefulC.beautifulD. UglyA.impracticalB.perfectC.time-wastingD.practical

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第3题

With thousands of years of history and mythology【C1】______ , Athens—named【C2】______ the olive-tree-loving Athena (goddess of wisdom)-is【C3】______ a concrete jungle. It's an【C4】______ city enlivened by outdoor cafes, pedestrian streets, parks, gardens and characters aplenty. If you 【C5】______ the spirit of things, you might not even notice the layer of smog【C6】______ overhead. The city is【C7】______ on three sides by Mt Parnitha, Mt Pendeli and Mt Hymettos. Within Athens there are【C8】______ eight hills,【C9】______ the Acropolis and Lykavittos are the most prominent. The hills provide a peaceful respite from the clamor of the city, and offer stunning views【C10】______ the glistening waters of the Saronic Gulf—the city's boundary on the south side. Just about everything of interest to the traveler is within a small area【C11】______ Plateia Syntagmatos (Syntagma Square). This area is【C12】______ by the districts of Plaka to the south, Monassstiraki to the west, Kolonaki to the east and Omonia to the north.

Plateia Syntagmatos is dominated by the old Royal Palace and is the beating【C13】______ of the business district, with luxury hotels, banks and airline offices. Plaka, nestled below the Acropolis, is the old Turkish quarter and【C14】______ all that existed【C15】______ Athens was declared the capital of independent Greece.【C16】______ Plaka is packed with tourists in【C17】______ season, it's also one of the prettiest and most atmospheric areas of the city. Monassstiraki is【C18】______ market district and a fascinating part of town【C19】______ . Psiri, nearby, is【C20】______ stylish cafes and bars and makes a great place to stop for a spot of lunch. Kolonaki, a classy residential area tucked in under Lykavittos Hill, is full of trendy boutiques, art galleries and cafes.

【C1】

A．below the belt

B．under its belt

C．in its belt

D．on its belt

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第4题

With thousands of years of history and mythology 【C1】______ Athens--named【C2】______ the olive-tree-loving Athena (goddess of wisdom)--is【C3】______ a concrete jungle. It's an【C4】______ city enlivened by outdoor cafes, pedestrian streets, parks, gardens and characters aplenty. If you【C5】______ the spirit of things, you might not even notice the layer of smog 【C6】______ overhead. The city is【C7】______ on three sides by Mt Parnitha, Mt Pendeli and Mt Hymettos. Within Athens there are 【C8】______ eight hills,【C9】______ the Acropolis and Lykavittos are the most prominent. The hills provide a peaceful respite from the clamor of the city, and offer stunning views 【C10】______ the glistening waters of the Saronic Gulf--the city's boundary on the south side. Just about everything of interest to the traveler is within a small area【C11】______ Plateia Syntagmatos (Syntagma Square). This area is 【C12】______ by the districts of Plaka to the south, Monassstiraki to the west, Kolonaki to the east and Omonia to the north.

Plateia Syntagmatos is dominated by the old Royal Palace and is the beating 【C13】______ of the business district, with luxury hotels, banks and airline offices. Plaka, nestled below the Acropolis, is the old Turkish quarter and 【C14】______ all that existed 【C15】______ Athens was declared the capital of independent Greece. 【C16】______ Plaka is packed with tourists in 【C17】______ season, it's also one of the prettiest and most atmospheric areas of the city. Monassstiraki is 【C18】______ market district and a fascinating part of town 【C19】______ . Psiri, nearby, is 【C20】______ stylish cafes and bars and makes a great place to stop for a spot of lunch kolonaki, a classy residential area tucked in under Lykavittos Hill, is full of trendy boutiques, art galleries and cafes.

【C1】

A．below the belt

B．under its belt

C．in its belt

D．on its belt

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