You may have complete （） ______ of action in dealing with this matter.

You may have complete (free) ______ of action in dealing with this matter.

At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.

Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of the behavior. is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior. and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.

One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The "in" look is thin, not fat.

In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like the U.S., thin is "in", fat is "out".

According to the passage, we can infer that taboo is ______.

A．a crime committed on impulse

B．an unfavorable impression left on other people

C．a behavior. considered unacceptable by the public

D．a strong desire to do something strange or terrible

At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.

Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior. is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior. and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.

One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The "in" look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out".

It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and "in shape". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for America's fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style. of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising.

From the passage we can infer taboo is ______.

A．a strong desire to do something strange or terrible

B．a crime committed on impulse

C．behavior. considered unacceptable in society's eyes

D．an unfavorable impression left on other people

听力原文： Not long ago, some of you may have read about the team of mountain climbing scientists who helped to recalculate the elevation of the highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest. Of course the elevation of Mount Everest was determined many years ago using traditional surveying methods. But these scientists wanted to make a more precise measurement, using a new method that takes advantage of recent advances in technology; it's called the Glob al Positioning System. The Global Positioning System uses 24 satellites that circle the earth. Each of the satellites is constantly sending out signals, and each signal contains important information that can be used to determine the longitude, latitude and elevation at any point on the earth’s surface. Well in order to use the system to calculate a mount of Everest's elevation, scientists need to put a special receiver on the summit to receive signals from the satellites. The problem with this was that in the past, the receivers were much too heavy for climbers to carry. But now these receivers have been reduced to about the size and weight of a hand-held telephone, so climbers were able to take the receiver to the top of the Everest, and from there, to access the satellite system signals that would allow them to determine the precise elevation. And it turns out that the famous peak is actually a few feet higher than us previously thought.

(33)

A．The advantages of traditional surveying methods.

B．Using satellites to communicate with mountain climbers.

C．Obtaining new information about a mountain.

D．Controlling satellites from the top of a mountain.

Passage Two

You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.

Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model&39;s body mass should be a workspace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.

The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16-low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization&39;s standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.

"Especially girls and tens", says Record. "Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines." That&39;s especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia(厌食症)results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

It&39;s commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.

Record&39;s suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.

In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model&39;s weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won&39;t be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. "A designer can&39;t survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week", she says, adding, "Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week."

What do Record and Austin say about fashion models&39; body mass?

A.It has caused needless controversy.

B.It is focus of the modeling business.

C.It is but a matter of personal taste.

D.It affects models' health and safety.

You may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.

In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the "decompression zone". People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.

Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.

Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost "dwell time": the length of time people spend in a store.

Traditionally retailers measure "football", as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people's phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth — not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1$ sales rose 1.3%.

Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.

In Paragraph 2, "decompression zone" is the area meant to______.

A．prepare shoppers for the mood of buying

B．offer shoppers a place to have a rest

C．encourage shoppers to try new products

D．provide shoppers with discount information

Don't believe all of the stereotypes (模式化管理) you may have heard about Americans. Even the ones that are true in general may not be true about specific individuals or a large part of the population. For example, although Americans tend to be louder than people from other cul-tures(especially at athletic events), many of the people you meet will be quiet and polite. Some people may be intolerant, but most will be pleasant and welcoming. Remember that American films and television exaggerate(夸张)in order to generate excitement, and so present a rather false picture of what life in the United States is really like. Therefore, tourists in the US are not always on their best behavior.

Americans do tend to be more informal than people from other countries. It is common for Americans to wear casual clothing to school and to greet professors by first name. However, good manners and politeness are always appreciated. If you are polite, and dress a little more formally than your American friends, it will not be poorly thought of.

However, some businesses require their employees to wear a uniform. or a suit. It would be improper to wear a T-shirt and blue jeans to a job interview. Some of the more prestigious restaurants require a coat and tie. Americans tend to dress up for cultural events(the opera, theater and ballet)and to dress down for athletic events. Formal wear is required at weddings and funerals, or any other event with religious event. If you rely on the stereotypes, you will likely put yourself into an embarrassing situation

The underlined sentence probably means_____.

A．Some of the stereotypes you may have heard about Americans are not true

B．You should not believe the stereotypes you may have heard about Americans

C．None of the stereotypes you may have heard about Americans should be believed

D．None of the stereotypes you may have heard about Americans should not be believed

听力原文： Many of you may have heard of jet lag, which is a condition of space disorders, resulting from rapid travel over time zones. Such as on a jet plane. The symptom of jet lag can be quite varied, and may include loss of appetite, nausea, headache, fatigue, insomnia, or even mild depression. Here are a few tips for you to avoid jet lag, or cope if you are stricken by the condition.

First, adjust your biological rhythm several days before your departure, and develop a plan to start switching to the time zone of your destination. For instance, if you will be flying from New York to Paris, where it is 6 hours later, get up one hour earlier for a couple of days, then 2 hours earlier, then 3 hours earlier, I will try to at least get half way to your new time zone. Turn lights on during day time in your destination, and off during the night time. Second, during the time of your adjustment, especially during the flight, drink plenty of water. If you are not a big water fan, drink some other fluid that is not high in sugar, carbonation and caffeine~ avoid junk food, salty food and caffeine, and alcohol on the plane. Of course I say that, but I always have a couple of drinks during the flight. If you do that, just be sure to drink as much water between drinks as possible. Thirdly, when you arrive in your destination, try to resist the urge to nap during the day time. Get outside, during the daylight hours, even it is just to sit in a caf6 and relax. Try to get a good night sleep for the 1st couple of nights. The key is to reset your body's natural clock and to get enough rest. Finally, when you return home, use some of the same tactics above to return to your previous time zone.

(35)

A．A flight over time zones.

B．A loss of one's characters.

C．A symptom of leg problems.

D．A condition of sleep disorders.

听力原文： Many of you may have heard of jet lag, which is a condition of space disorders, resulting from rapid travel over time zones. Such as on a jet plane. The symptom of jet lag can be quite varied, and may include loss of appetite, nausea, headache, fatigue, insomnia, or even mild depression. Here are a few tips for you to avoid jet lag, or cope if you are stricken by the condition.

First, adjust your biological rhythm several days before your departure, and develop a plan to start switching to the time zone of your destination. For instance, if you will be flying from New York to Paris, where it is 6 hours later, get up one hour earlier for a couple of days, then 2 hours earlier, then 3 hours earlier, I will try to at least get half way to your new time zone. Turn lights on during day time in your destination, and off during the night time. Second, during the time of your adjustment, especially during the flight, drink plenty of water. If you are not a big water fan, drink some other fluid that is not high in sugar, carbonation and caffeine~ avoid junk food, salty food and caffeine, and alcohol on the plane. Of course I say that, but I always have a couple of drinks during the flight. If you do that, just be sure to drink as much water between drinks as possible. Thirdly, when you arrive in your destination, try to resist the urge to nap during the day time. Get outside, during the daylight hours, even it is just to sit in a caf6 and relax. Try to get a good night sleep for the 1st couple of nights. The key is to reset your body's natural clock and to get enough rest. Finally, when you return home, use some of the same tactics above to return to your previous time zone.

(35)

A．A flight over time zones.

B．A loss of one's characters.

C．A symptom of leg problems.

D．A condition of sleep disorders.

How many different kinds of emotions do you feel? You may be【21】to find that it is very hard to specify all of them. Not only【22】hard to describe in words, they are difficult to【23】. As a result, two people rarely【24】all of them. However, there are a number of【25】emotions that most people experience.

When we receive something that we want, or something happens【26】we like, we usually feel joy or happiness. Joy is a positive and powerful emotion,【27】for which we all strive. It is natural to want to be happy, and all of us【28】happiness. As a general【29】, joy occurs when we reach a【30】goal or obtain a desired object.

【31】people often desire different goals and objects, it is【32】that one person may find joy in repairing an automobile,【33】another may find joy in solving a math problem. Of course, we often share【34】goals or interests, and therefore we can experience joy together. This may be in sports, in the arts, in learning, in raising a family, or in【35】being together.

When we have difficulty【36】desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience【37】emotions such as anger and grief. When little things get in our way, we experience【38】frustrations or tensions. For example, if you are dressing to go out【39】a date, you may feel frustration when a zipper breaks or a button fails off. If you really want something to happen, and you feel it【40】happen, but someone or something stops it, you may become quite angry.

(1)

A．shocked

B．astounded

C．surprised

D．bewildered