Contrast formal and informal communication.

Research reports are considered formal professional communication. As such, there is little emphasis on a lively style, although, of course, there is no objection to writing that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any research report should be edited to ensure that all data is correctly presented, that all equipment is listed, that all results are properly detailed. As all aid to the reader, headings indicating at least the major sections of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections.

Research data should be presented in a way that places proper emphasis on major aspects of the project. For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some consideration should be given to structuring research reports differently for different audiences. Management, for example, will be most concerned with the results of a research project, and thus the results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problem section and before the procedures section, Other researchers would be most interested in the procedure section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.

One of the mysteries of nature is animal communication. Creatures of the sea move through their liquid element without any hearable sound. Yet they are able to sense the silent passing or attack of others of their kind. This is because bodies moving in water create a pressure wave, something like a gust of wind produced by a passing automobile. A narrow sensor system running along each side of the shark, from eye to tail, receives and interprets these pressure waves. I have seen sharks appear swiftly, obviously drawn by the motion of a diver's hands, which had sent out strong waves.

One might think it impossible to distinguish odors in water. Yet sharks, surprisingly, are able to follow a scent across miles of ocean and arrive at its exact source. A diver who spears a fish and attaches its bloody body to his belt, and then goes on with the hunt, becomes a natural prey to the shark. I have seen sharks follow a scent exactly like the dogs of a hunting pack. It is no wonder that the Greeks gave them the name "hounds of the sea."

One of the most widely believed--and dangerous--legends about the shark is that he has poor eyesight. On the contrary, the shark is well equipped to see at a distance and to distinguish among forms. This fact was proved to me one day when I went into the water off the coast of Africa. I sighted a shark at some distance from me as I was floating at a very shallow depth. Since I was making no movement, the sound of bubbles from my diving apparatus would be confused with the light splashing of the water on a rock. I turned my eyes away for a few seconds, to study the design of a giant ray just beneath me. I am not sure now whether it was simple instinct or a feeling of movement, but I turned back abruptly toward the location of the shark. And, immediately, every muscle of my body tensed. He was no more than 30 feet away, launched toward me as hard and swift as a missile.

The sight of a shark coming at you head-on is strange. Obviously it is from this angle that he seems most frightening--the very symbol of evil, with the half-opened mouth and the three regularly spaced fins (鳍). When the shark had approached to within two feet of the rubber fins I had thrown at him as a gesture of self-defense, he turned suddenly and swam back toward the depths. There had been no sound, no scent. It appears certain that sight alone was responsible for this approach.

The best title for the passage is ______.

A．The Mysteries of Animal Communication

B．Something Unknown About Sharks

C．An Adventure

D．How Divers Discover Sharks Under the Sea

One of the mysteries of nature is animal communication. Creatures of the sea move through their liquid element without any hearable sound. Yet they are able to sense the silent passing or attack of others of their kind. This is because bodies moving in water create a pressure wave, something like a gust of wind produced by a passing automobile. A narrow sensor system running along each side of the shark, from eye to tail, receives and interprets these pressure waves. I have seen sharks appear swiftly, obviously drawn by the motion of a diver's hands, which had sent out strong waves.

One might think it impossible to distinguish odors in water. Yet sharks, surprisingly, are able to follow a scent across miles of ocean and arrive at its exact source. A diver who spears a fish and attaches its bloody body to his belt, and then goes on with the hunt, be comes a natural prey to the shark. I have seen sharks follow a scent exactly like the dogs of a hunting pack. It is no wonder th at the Greeks gave them the name "hounds of the sea."

One of the most widely believed — and dangerous — legends about the shark is that he has poor eyesight. On the contrary, the shark is well equipped to see at a distance and to dis tinguish among forms. This fact was proved to me one day when I went into the water off the coast of Africa. I sighted a shark at some distance from me as I was floating at a very shallow depth. Since I was making no movement, the sound of bubbles from my diving appa- ratus would be confused with the light splashing of the water on a rock. I turned my eyes away for a few seconds, to study the design of a giant ray just beneath me. I am not sure now whether it was simple instinct or a feeling of movement, but I turned back abruptly to ward the location of the shark. And, immediately, every muscle of my body tensed. He was no more than 30 feet away, launched toward me as hard and swift as a missile.

The sight of a shark coming at you head-on is strange. Obviously it is from this angle that he seems most frightening-the very symbol of evil, with the half-opened mouth and the three regularly spaced fins (鳍). When the shark had approached to within two feet of the rubber fins I had thrown at him as a gesture of self-defense, he turned suddenly and swam back toward the depths. There had been no sound, no scent. It appears certain that sight alone was responsible for this approach.

The best title for the passage is__________.

A．The Mysteries of Animal Communication

B．Something Unknown About Sharks

C．An Adventure

D．How Divers Discover Sharks Under the Sea

George suggests that successful communication depends on

A．the vision of the CEO,

B．company-wide policy,

C．middle-management decisions.

George suggests that successful communication depends on

A．the vision of the CEO,

B．company-wide policy,

C．middle-management decisions.

What is the title of the passage?

A．How to Use Nonverbal Communication.

B．The Ways of Communication.

C．Nonverbal Communication.

D．The Effect of Nonverbal Communication.

Mobile phone, e-mail and telephone ______ of people's social communication nowadays.

A．are the most three common means

B．are the three most common means

C．are the most common three means

D．are three the most common means

Mobile phone, e-mail and telephone ______ of people's social communication nowadays.

A．are the most three common means

B．are the three most common means

C．are the most common three means

D．are three the most common means

Mobile phone, e-mail and telephone ______of people's social communication nowadays.

A．are the most three common means

B．are the three most common means

C．are the most common three means

D．are three the most common means

Communication without feedback can be called____.

A、unintentional communication

B、unconscious communication

C、one-way communication

D、indirect communication