题目内容
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A．abstract symbols such as lines to represent physical features
B．symbols such as halos and crosses
C．clothing used to characterize individuals
D．symmetrical juxtaposition of figures
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第1题
vidual; rather, it is diffused through the artistic genius of centuries embodied in the rules of religious art. Art of the Middle Ages is a sacred script, the symbols and meanings of which were well settled. The circular halo placed vertically behind the head signifies sainthood, while the halo impressed with a cross signifies divinity. By bare feet, we recognize God, the angels, Jesus Christ and the apostles, but for an artist to have depicted the Virgin Mary with bare feet would have been tantamount to heresy. Several concentric, wavy lines represent the sky, while parallel lines represent water or the sea. A tree, which is to say a single stalk with two or three stylized leaves, informs us that the scene is laid on earth. A tower with a window indicates a village; and should an angel be watching from the battlements, that city is thereby identified as Jerusalem. Saint Peter is always depicted with curly hair, a short beard and a tonsure, while Saint Paul always has a bald head and a long beard.
Through this system, even the most mediocre talent was elevated by the genius of the centuries. The artist of the early Renaissance broke with tradition at their own peril. When they are not outstanding, they are scarcely able to avoid insignificance and banality in their religious works; and even when they are great, they are no more than the equals of the old masters who passively followed the sacred rules.
The primary purpose of the passage is to ______.
A．theorize about the immediate influences on art of tile Middle Ages
B．explain why artists of the Middle Ages followed the rules of a sacred script
C．discuss some of the important features of art of the Middle Ages
D．contrast the art of the Middle Ages with that of the Renaissance
第2题
In which book will this passage most suitably be edited?
A．Sociology.
B．The Animal World.
C．The History of War.
D．The Making of a Nation.
第3题
The tone of this essay is ______.
A．serious and resolute
B．humorous and ironical
C．persuasive and convincing
D．subjective and positive
第4题
The author cites animal fights ______.
A．to argue for the inevitability of war
B．to support the theory that the fittest survive
C．to show that animals are free to eat animals
D．to indicate the nature of animal struggle
第5题
reat writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities (实体) directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which soical entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.
Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.
Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper, the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may include efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that, war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.
The author holds the opinion that ______.
A．like animal fights, competition is a necessity and war is inevitable
B．competition becomes war when it grows more and more fierce
C．when social entities serve one another, opposition means cooperation
D．while competition is unavoidable, war is not a necessary outcome
第6题
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Vacations in America.
B．Big Cities in America.
C．American Family Life.
D．Camping as a Family Vacation.
第7题
Which of the following is not an attraction of Washington?
A．Tile public rooms of the White House.
B．The great Lincoln Monument.
C．The Statue of Liberty.
D．Exhibits of the native people of America.
第8题
Which of the following is not mentioned about New York?
A．Very great and exciting city.
B．Very wide avenues.
C．Great skyscrapers.
D．Beautiful skyline and shoreline.
第9题
campers using the camp sites has more than doubled. Camping as a family vacation has suddenly become extremely popular in America. It is a cheap way to travel; its simple pleasures are a pleasant change from hectic urban life; and it can be enjoyed by children of all ages.
In car trunks or in racks on top of cars, families load a tent, sleeping bags, inflatable mattresses, cooking pans and eating utensils, and an ice chest for storing food. When they arrive at a camping ground they find a cleared space in which to pitch their tent, a fireplace for cooking, and usually a picnic table and benches--water and firewood nearby. By evening they are settled under the stars, the campsite around them dotted with lights from cooking fires and lanterns hung from trees.
Vacations are not all in resorts or in the wilderness. Swarms of vacationing Americans visit New York and Washington each year. They visit New York because there is no place in the world like this tremendous, exciting city, the busiest port in the world, with its great steel and glass skyscrapers, its theaters and shops, its beauty of skyline and shoreline, and its thrilling five-cent ferry ride past the Statue of Liberty. They visit Washington because it is the nation's capital, where they can see their government at work, tour the public rooms of their President's home, the White House, and walk along the wide avenues to the art galleries and museums. Here they can see exhibits of the native peoples of their land--the Indians and the Eskimos. They can look at Lindbergh's small, fragile plane in which he crossed the Atlantic Ocean. They can ride the elevator to the top of the Washington Monument, visit Washington's Mount Vernon home, and feel the shiver of national pride as they stand at the foot of the great Lincoln Monument and read the stirring words of his Gettysburg Address.
For Americans vacation time ends on Labor Day--the first Monday in September. Labor Day is the day when summer cottages are closed, when families head back to their homes. The highways are jammed with cars. The cars are jammed with families and belongings and treasures of the summer. By the time the drivers are back home they sometimes feel that what they need is a vacation.
Which of the following is not a reason for which camping has suddenly become extremely popular in America?
A．National Parks provide camp sites.
B．Camping is a cheap way to travel.
C．Camping makes city people have a change.
D．People of all ages enjoy camping.
第10题
Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A．Two Lawyers.
B．Roach and Paula Cooper.
C．No Capital Punishment for Minors.
D．The Death Penalty in tile U. S.: Old Enough to Kill, Old Enough to Die?
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