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Britain's east midlands were once the picture of English countryside, alive with flocks, s

hepherds, skylarks and buttercups—the stuff of fairytales. In 1941 George Marsh left school at the age of 14 to work as a herdsman in Nottinghamshire, the East Midlands countryside his parents and grandparents farmed. He recalls skylarks nesting in cereal fields, which when accidentally disturbed would fly singing into the sky. But in his lifetime, Marsh has seen the color and diversity of his native land fade. Farmers used to grow about a ton of wheat per acre; now they grow four tons. Pesticides have killed off the insects upon which skylarks fed, and year-round harvesting has driven the birds from their winter nests. Skylarks are now rare. "Farmers kill anything that affects production, "says Marsh." Agriculture is too efficient."

Anecdotal evidence of a looming crisis in biodiversity is now being reinforced by science. In their comprehensive surveys of plants, butterflies and birds over the past 20 to 40 years in Britain, ecologists Jeremy Thomas and Carly Stevens found significant population declines in a third of all native species. Butterflies are the furthest along—71 percent of Britain's 58 species are shrinking in number, and some, like the large blue and tortoiseshell, are already extinct. In Britain's grasslands, a key habitat, 20 percent of all animal, plant and insect species are on the path to extinction. There's hardly a corner of the country's ecology that isn't affected by this downward spiral.

The problem would be bad enough if it were merely local, but it's not: because Britain's temperate ecology is similar to that in so many other parts of the world, It's the best microcosm scientists have been able to study in detail. Scientists have sounded alarms about species' extinction in the past, but always specific to a particular animal or place—whales in the 1980s or the Amazonian rain forests in the 1990s. This time, though, the implications are much wider. The Amazon is a "biodiversity hot spot" with a unique ecology. But in Britain, "the main drivers of change are the same processes responsible for species' declines worldwide, "says Thomas. The findings, published in the journal Science, provide the first clear evidence that the world is in the throes of a massive extinction. Thomas and Stevens argue that we are facing a loss of 65 to 95 percent of the world's species, on the scale of an ice age or the meteorite that may have wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.

If so, this would be only the sixth time such devastation had occurred in the past 600 million years. The other five were associated with one-off events like the ice ages, a volcanic eruption or a meteor. This time, ecosystems are dying a thousand deaths from over fishing and the razing of the rain forests, but also from advances in agriculture. The British study, for instance, finds that one of the biggest problems is nitrogen pollution Nitrogen is released when fossil fuels burn in cars and power plants, but also when ecologically rich heath-lands are plowed and fertilizers are spread. Nitrogen-rich fertilizers fuel the growth of tall grasses, which in turn overshadow and kill off delicate flowers like harebells and eyebrights.

Even seemingly innocuous practices are responsible for vast ecological damage. When British farmers stopped feeding horses and cattle with hay and switched to silage, a kind of preserved short grass, they eliminated a favorite nesting spot of corncrakes, birds known for their raspy nightly mating calls; corncrake populations have fallen 76 percent in the past 20 years. The depressing list goes on and on.

Many of these practices are being repeated throughout the world, in one form. or another, which is why scientists believe that the British study has global implications. Wildlife is getting blander. "We don't know which species are essential to the web of life so we're taking a massive ri

A.cherishes his adolescence memories.

B.thinks highly of the efficiency of agriculture.

C.may not have happy memories of past time.

D.cannot remember his adolescence days.

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更多“Britain's east midlands were o…”相关的问题

第1题

应用普鲁卡因胺后,迅速达到高血药浓度的代谢类型为()。 A.快乙酰化者B.慢乙酰化者C.中乙

应用普鲁卡因胺后,迅速达到高血药浓度的代谢类型为()。

A.快乙酰化者

B.慢乙酰化者

C.中乙酰化者

D.以上均一样

E.以上均不是

点击查看答案

第2题

应用普鲁卡因胺后,迅速达到高血药浓度的代谢类型为()

A.中乙酰化者

B.快乙酰化者

C.慢乙酰化者

D.以上均一样

E.以上均不是

点击查看答案

第3题

案例摘要:患者,女性,56岁。患有风湿性关节炎及慢性心脏病,该患者长期服用地高辛、氢氯噻嗪及钾剂以维持其心脏功能,由于病情需要,现需服用普鲁卡因胺。根据普鲁卡因胺的用药原则,对于这名患者,下列叙述最正确的是()

A.普鲁卡因胺可与地高辛相互作用,加用普鲁卡因胺前、后都应该监测地高辛的血药浓度

B.存在交叉过敏反应:对普鲁卡因及其他有关药物过敏者,可能对普鲁卡因胺也过敏

C.如果患者患有哮喘,则不能服用普鲁卡因胺,因为普鲁卡因胺有受体阻断作用

D.普鲁卡因胺的持续作用时间可达20~30小时,可单独用于治疗房性心动过速

E.普鲁卡因胺口服无效

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第4题

下列说法正确的有()

A.普鲁卡因胺在体内水解速度比普鲁卡因快

B.普鲁卡因胺在体内水解速度比普鲁卡因慢

C.阿托品易被酯酶水解

D.阿托品不易被酯酶水解

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第5题

患者女性,患有风湿性关节炎及慢性心脏病,由于病情需要,现需服用普鲁卡因胺,该患者正在服用地高辛
、氢氯噻嗪及钾剂以维持其心脏功能。决定服用普鲁卡因胺的理由,下列叙述正确的是A、普鲁卡因胺能够诱发或加重甲状腺功能亢进

B、普鲁卡因胺对房性心律失常无效

C、普鲁卡因胺能够延长心房及心室肌细胞的有效不应期

D、普鲁卡因胺能引起血小板减少症

E、普鲁卡因胺能引起眩晕、耳鸣、头痛

根据普鲁卡因胺的用药原则,对于这名患者,下列叙述最正确的是A、普鲁卡因胺可与地高辛相互作用,加用普鲁卡因胺前、后都应该监测地高辛的血药浓度

B、避免血钾过高,以降低普鲁卡因胺毒副作用发生率

C、如果患者患有哮喘,则不能服用普鲁卡因胺,因为普鲁卡因胺有β受体阻断作用

D、普鲁卡因胺的持续作用时间可达20~30小时

E、普鲁卡因胺口服无效

如果该患者过量服用普鲁卡因胺,出现明显的不良反应,应立即服用A、钙螯合剂,如EDTA

B、地高辛

C、KCl

D、硝普钠

E、乳酸钠

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第6题

患者女性,患有风湿性关节炎及慢性心脏病,由于病情需要,现需服用普鲁卡因胺,该患者正在服用地高辛
、氢氯噻嗪及钾剂以维持其心脏功能。决定服用普鲁卡因胺,下列叙述正确的是A、普鲁卡因胺能够诱发或加重甲状腺功能亢进

B、普鲁卡因胺对房性心律失常无效

C、普鲁卡因胺能够延长心房及心室肌细胞的有效不应期

D、普鲁卡因胺能引起血小板减少症

E、普鲁卡因胺能引起眩晕、耳鸣、头痛

根据普鲁卡因胺的用药原则,对于这名患者,下列叙述最正确的是A、普鲁卡因胺可与地高辛相互作用,加用普鲁卡因胺前、后都应该监测地高辛的血药浓度

B、避免血钾过高,以降低普鲁卡因胺毒副反应发生率

C、如果患者患有哮喘,则不能服用普鲁卡因胺,因为普鲁卡因胺有β受体阻断作用

D、普鲁卡因胺的持续作用时间可达20~30小时

E、普鲁卡因胺口服无效

如果该患者过量服用普鲁卡因胺,出现明显的不良反应,应立即服用A、钙螯合剂,如EDTA

B、地高辛

C、KCl

D、硝普钠

E、乳酸钠

点击查看答案

第7题

患者,女性,患有风湿性关节炎及慢性心脏病,由于病情需要,现需服用普鲁卡因胺,该患者正在服用地高辛、氢氯噻嗪及钾剂以维持其心脏功能根据普鲁卡因胺的用药原则,对于这名患者,下列叙述最正确的是()

A.避免血钾过高,以降低普鲁卡因胺毒副作用发生率

B.如果患者患有哮喘,则不能服用普鲁卡因胺,因为普鲁卡因胺有β受体阻断作用

C.普鲁卡因胺的持续作用时间可达20~30小时

D.普鲁卡因胺口服无效

E.普鲁卡因胺可与地高辛相互作用,加用普鲁卡因胺前、后都应该检测地高辛的血药浓度

点击查看答案

第8题

患者女性,患有风湿性关节炎及慢性心脏病,由于病情需要,现需服用普鲁卡因胺,该患者正在服用地高辛、氢氯噻嗪及钾剂以维持其心脏功能。根据普鲁卡因胺的用药原则,对于这名患者,下列叙述最正确的是()

A.普鲁卡因胺可与地高辛相互作用,加用普鲁卡因胺前、后都应该监测地高辛的血药浓度

B.避免血钾过高,以降低普鲁卡因胺毒副反应发生率

C.如果患者患有哮喘,则不能服用普鲁卡因胺,因为普鲁卡因胺有受体阻断作用

D.普鲁卡因胺的持续作用时间可达20~30小时

E.普鲁卡因胺口服无效

点击查看答案
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