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The most notable surface fact about " The Waste Land" is of course its extreme disconnecti

on. I do not know just how many parts the poem is supposed to have, but to me there are something like fifty parts which offer no bridges the one to the other and which are quite distinct in time, place, action, persons, tone and nearly all the unities to which art is accustomed. This discreteness reaches also to the inside of the parts, where it is indicated by a frequent want of grammatical joints and marks of punctuation; as if it were the function of art to break down the usual singleness of the artistic image, and then to attack the integrity of the individual fragments. I presume that poetry has rarely gone further in this direction. It is a species of the same error which modern writers of fiction practice when they laboriously disconnect the stream of consciousness and present items which do not enter into wholes. Evidently they think with Hume that reality is facts and pluralism, not compounds and systems. But Mr. Eliot is more enterprising than they, because almost in so many words he assails the philosophical or cosmical principles under which we form. the usual images of reality, naming the whole phantasmagoria Waste Land almost as plainly as if he were naming cosmos Chaos. His intention is evidently to present a wilderness in which both he and the reader may be bewildered, in which one is never to see the wood for the trees.

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第1题

Since its founding at the midpoint of the nineteenth century, the Massachusetts Institute

of Technology has been a unique institution. Great institutions of higher education are grounded in and learn from the past; interact to some degree with the world of the present; and aspires to influence the future. MIT is no exception, but in large measure, the institutes uniqueness derives from the unusual extent of our engagement with the present and dedication to the future. We apply our talents to problems posed by contemporary society—by its institutions of industry, commerce, arts, healing, and politics. Yet our minds are even more firmly engaged in shaping the future. This somewhat singular approach to our mission has enabled us, over the years, to define new forms of research and scholarship, and to establish new paradigms for education. MIT students, faculty, and staff are deeply engaged in the process of learning in the classroom, in the laboratory, and from each other. There is an exhilarating sense of being at the cutting edge in all that we do. You will find MIT to be intense and demanding, yet the atmosphere here is highly collegial. You will be a very important part of one of the worlds great institutions of learning and exploration.

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第2题

What about this danger of war, which is making us all shake in our shoes at present? I am

like yourself; I have an intense objection to having my house demolished by a bomb from an aeroplane and myself killed in a horribly painful way by mustard gas. I have visions of streets heaped with mangled corpses in which children wander crying for their parents, and babies gasp and strangle in the clutches of dead mothers. That is what war means nowadays. This is what is happening in Spain and in China whilst I speak to you; and it may happen to us tomorrow. And the worst of it is that it does not matter two straws to Nature, the mother of us all, how dreadfully we misbehave ourselves in this way, or in what hideous agonies we die. Nature can produce children enough to make good any extremity of slaughter of which we are capable. London may be destroyed; Paris, Rome, Berlin, Vienna, Constantinople may be laid in smoking ruins and the silence of death. No matter. Mother Nature will replace the dead. She is doing so every day.

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第3题

All of us have an obligation to speak out. We may come from different backgrounds and fait

hs, but parents over the world love our children. We respect our mothers, our sisters and daughters. Fighting brutality against women and children is not the expression of a specific culture; it is the acceptance of our common humanity—a commitment shared by people of good will on every continent. Because of our recent military gains in much of Afghanistan, women are no longer imprisoned in their homes. They can listen to music and teach their daughters without fear of punishment. Yet the terrorists who helped rule that country now plot and plan in many countries, and they must be stopped. The fight against terrorism is also a fight for the rights and dignity of women. In America, next week brings Thanksgiving. After the events of the last few months, well be holding our families even closer, and we will be especially thankful for all the blessings of American life. I hope Americans will join our family in working to insure that dignity and opportunity will be secured for all the women and children of Afghanistan.

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第4题

Scientists study the world in which we live. They do this by curiosity and they can become

excited upon making novel discoveries and by finding means to explain yet unsolved questions. But scientists are normally not selfish; they like to share their excitement with other people. They publish their findings so that these become widely accessible to all those interested. In fact, they communicate their results also in their own interest. Scientists are eager to talk with other scientists working on the same and similar problems. By exchanging results and ideas, they have a better chance of success and they can reach their goal more rapidly. Most often the objectives of their study, being it in the fields of physics, chemistry or biology, share the same properties anywhere in the world. The laws of nature are the same in Europe and in China. For this simple reason the dialogue between scientists does not stop at political borders. Wherever in the world a scientist finds a colleague exploring the same problem, an exchange of their knowledge can help them to advance their studies. For these reasons international collaboration between scientists is flourishing.

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第5题

In the introductory chapter of her book, Anyon shares a personal story involving her fathe

r. Anyons brief discussion of her familys long history of involvement in radical social and political activism, and her commitment to anti-oppressive pedagogy, offers readers important insights into her social and political convictions. Toward the end of the chapter, Anyon explains that she sees her new book as a form. of "intervention" and struggle against social injustices. Anyon begins her book by examining the impact of macroeconomic policies including minimum wage, tax policies, housing, job training, educational policies and reform. initiatives. She argues that student underachievement, unequal funding of public schools and the high dropout rate among working class students and students of color are linked to macroeconomic policies that work toward maintaining and reproducing social inequities. She believes that the success of school reform. efforts depends in part on reforming macroeconomic policies at the state and federal level.

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第6题

Here, then, is the problem which I present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable; Sha

ll we put an end to the human race or shall mankind renounce war? People will not face this alternative because it is so difficult to abolish war. The abolition of war will demand distasteful limitations of national sovereignty. But what perhaps impedes understanding of the situation more than anything else is that the term "mankind" feels vague and abstract. People scarcely realize in imagination that the danger is to themselves and their children and their grandchildren, and not only to a dimly apprehended humanity. And so they hope that perhaps war may be allowed to continue provided modern weapons are prohibited. I am afraid this hope is illusory. Whatever agreements not to use hydrogen bombs had been reached in time of peace, they would no longer be considered binding in time of war, and both sides would set to work to manufacture hydrogen bombs as soon as war broke out, for if one side manufactured the bombs and the other did not, the side that manufactured them would inevitably be victorious...

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第7题

And as part of the recovery plan, were making a historic commitment to innovation. The Rec

overy Act creates jobs doubling our capacity to generate renewable energy; building a new smart grid that carry electricity from coast to coast; laying down broadband lines and high-speed rail lines; and providing the largest boost in basic research in history to ensure that America leads in the breakthrough discoveries of the new century, just as we led in the last. Because thats what we do best in America—we turn ideas into inventions, and inventions into industries. Now, history should be our guide. The United States led the worlds economies in the 20th Century because we led the world in innovation. Today, the competition is keener; the challenge is tougher; and thats why innovation is more important than ever. Thats the key to good, new jobs in the 21st Century. Thats how we will ensure a high quality of life for this generation and future generations. With these investments, were planting the seeds of progress for our country, and good-paying, private-sector jobs for the American people.

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第8题

In a world where the channels by which we interact and learn about one another are complet

ely transformed and in a world where actions have global impact, Expos are called to fulfill a new role, which is potentially more powerful than the one in the past. Today, to be effective platforms for education and progress, Expos must inspire and connect the actions of governments and civil society in their common effort to develop and implement sustainable solutions to the universal challenges we all face. Expos build bridges that connect different spheres of society. As such, they help promote ideas and initiatives with new policies, they foster the development of new forms of cooperation and, last but not least, they introduce a degree accountability for the actions of governmental institutions and civil society alike, as we are all called to contribute solutions to our common problems. This is why more recent Expos have elected the theme as their central core and organizing principle.

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第9题

This is a period in which the old world is slowly but irreversibly changing and the contou

rs of a new one are just beginning to take shape. Traditional institutions are being challenged. Budgets are being squeezed. Families are being stressed. All of this flux and churning creates enormous anxiety. At times of change, we must stay true to the ideals and principles that are at the heart of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Among those core values is tolerance. Our practice of tolerance must mean more than peaceful coexistence, crucial as that is. It must be an active understanding fostered through dialogue and positive engagement with others. This is especially critical in combating the discrimination that causes so much divisiveness, destruction and death. We all have a responsibility to protect those vulnerable to discrimination, whether based on race, religion, nationality, language, gender, sexual orientation or other factors. Practicing tolerance can serve as the antidote to prejudice and hatred.

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第10题

Among the minds powers is one that comes of itself to many children and artists. It need n

ot be lost, to the end of his day, by anyone who has ever had it. This is the power of taking delight in a thing, rather than in anything, everything, not as a means to some other end, but just because it is what it is, as the lover dotes on whatever may be traits of the beloved object. A child in the full health of his mind will put his hand flat on the summer turf, feel it and give a little shiver of private glee at the elastic firmness of the globe. He is not thinking how it will do for some game or to feed sheep upon. That would be the way of the wooer whose mind runs on his mistresss money. The childs is sheer affection, the true ecstatic sense of the things inherent characteristics. No matter what the things may be, no matter what they are good or bad for, there they are, each with a thrilling unique look and feel of its own, like a face; the iron astringently cool under its paint, the painted wood familiarly warmer, the cold crumbling enchantingly down in the hands, with its little dry smell of the sun and of hot nettles; each common thing a personality marked by delicious differences.

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