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[主观题]

The pharmaceutical industry argues that because new drugs will not be developed unless hea

vy development costs can be recouped in later sales, the current 20 years of protection provided by patents should be extended in the case of newly developed drugs. However, in other industries new-product development continues despite high development costs, a fact that indicates that the extension is unnecessary. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the pharmaceutical industry s argument against the challenge made above？

A．No industries other than the pharmaceutical industry have asked for an extension of the 20-year limit on patent protection.

B．Clinical trials of new drugs, which occur after the patent is granted and before the new drug can be marketed, often now take as long as 10 years to complete.

C．There are several industries in which the ratio of research and development costs to revenues is higher than it is in the pharmaceutical industry.

D．An existing patent for a drug does not legally prevent pharmaceutical companies from bringing to market alternative drugs, provided they are sufficiently dissimilar to the patented drug.

E．Much recent industrial innovation has occurred in products—for example, in the computer and electronics industries—for which patent protection is often very ineffective.

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更多“The pharmaceutical industry ar…”相关的问题

第1题

Todays low gasoline prices make consumers willing to indulge their preference for larger c

ars, which consume greater amounts of gasoline as fuel. So United States automakers are unwilling to pursue the development of new fuel-efficient technologies aggressively. The particular reluctance of the United States automobile industry to do so, however, could threaten the industrys future. Which of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the claim above about the future of the United States automobile industry?

A．A prototype fuel-efficient vehicle, built five years ago, achieves a very high 81 miles per gallon on the highway and 63 in the city, but its materials are relatively costly.

B．Small cars sold by manufacturers in the United States are more fuel efficient now than before the sudden jump in oil prices in 1973.

C．Automakers elsewhere in the world have slowed the introduction of fuel-efficient technologies but have pressed ahead with research and development of them in preparation for a predicted rise in world oil prices.

D．There are many technological opportunities for reducing the waste of energy in cars and light trucks through weight, aerodynamic drag, and braking friction.

E．The promotion of mass transit over automobiles as an alternative mode of transportation has encountered consumer resistance that is due in part to the failure of mass transit to accommodate the wide dispersal of points of origin and destinations for trips.

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第2题

According to the passage, Fabian s theory makes use of which of the following principles?A

According to the passage, Fabian s theory makes use of which of the following principles?

A．Gas emanating from an explosion will be hotter the more distant it is from the origin.

B．The wavelength of radiation emitted by a gas as it cools remains constant.

C．If pressure remains constant, the volume of a gas will decrease as it is cooled.

D．The volume of a gas will increase as the pressure increases.

E．As gas cools, its density decreases.

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第3题

The author of the passage probably mentions Canizares determination in order toA．clarify a

The author of the passage probably mentions Canizares determination in order to

A．clarify an ambiguity in Fabian"s research findings.

B．illustrate a generalization about the temperature of gas in a galaxy cluster.

C．introduce a new argument in support of the orthodox view of galaxies.

D．provide support for Fabian"s assertions about the Perseus galaxies.

E．provide an alternate point of view concerning the movement of gas within a galaxy cluster.

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第4题

Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A．A problem is descr

Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

A．A problem is described, and then reasons why various proposed solutions succeeded or failed are discussed.

B．A problem is described, and then an advantage of resolving it is offered.

C．A problem is described, and then reasons for its continuing existence are summarized.

D．The historical origins of a problem are described, and then various measures that have successfully resolved it are discussed.

E．The causes of a problem are described, and then its effects are discussed.

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第5题

According to the passage, the more protein a rat consumes, the lower will be theA．ratio of

According to the passage, the more protein a rat consumes, the lower will be the

A．ratio of the rat" s blood-tryptophan concentration to the amount of serotonin produced and released in the rat"s brain.

B．ratio of the rat"s blood-tryptophan concentration to the concentration in its blood of the other amino acids contained in the protein.

C．ratio of the rat"s blood-tyrosine concentration to its blood-leucine concentration.

D．number of neurotransmitters of any kind that the rat will produce and release.

E．number of amino acids the rat" s blood will contain.

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第6题

According to the passage, when the authors began their first studies, they were aware that

A．they would eventually need to design experiments that involved feeding rats high concentrations of protein.

B．tryptophan levels in the blood were difficult to monitor with accuracy.

C．serotonin levels increased after rats were fed meals rich in tryptophan.

D．there were many neurotransmitters whose production was dependent on metabolic processes elsewhere in the body.

E．serotonin levels increased after rats were injected with a large amount of tryptophan.

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第7题

According to the passage, the floor of the Black Sea can best be compared to aA．rapidly mo

According to the passage, the floor of the Black Sea can best be compared to a

A．rapidly moving conveyor belt.

B．slowly settling foundation.

C．rapidly expanding balloon.

D．violently erupting volcano.

E．slowly eroding mountain.

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第8题

According to the passage, which of the following are separated by a plate that is growing

on both sides?

A．The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan.

B．The South Atlantic Ridge and the North Sea Ridge.

C．The Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic Ridge.

D．The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Indian Ocean Ridge.

E．The Black Sea and the Sea of Japan.

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第9题

The author refers to a "conveyor belt " in line 16 in order toA．illustrate the effects of

The author refers to a "conveyor belt " in line 16 in order to

A．illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle.

B．show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continents.

C．demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

D．describe the complicated motions made possible by back-coupling.

E．account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges.

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第10题

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the authors assertion that, in the 1970

s, corporate response to federal requirements(lines 23 — 24)was substantial?

A．Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $ 2 billion in 1979.

B．Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.

C．The figures collected in 1977 under-represented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.

D．The estimate of corporate spending with minority-owned businesses in 1980 is approximately $ 10 million too high.

E．The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $ 77 million in 1972.

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