When a group of children who have been watching television programs that include acts of v

第1题

When permits for the discharge of chemicals into a waterway are issued, they are issued in

terms of the number of pounds of each chemical that can be discharged into the waterway per day. These figures, calculated separately for each chemical for which a permit is issued, are based on an estimate of the effect of the dilution of the chemical by the amount of water flowing through the waterway. The waterway is therefore protected against being adversely affected by chemicals discharged under the permits. The argument depends on the assumption that

A．relatively harmless chemicals do not interact with each other in the water to form. harmful compounds.

B．there is a swift flow of water in the waterway that ensures rapid dispersion of chemicals discharged.

C．there are no chemicals for which discharge into waterways is entirely prohibited.

D．those who receive the permits do not always discharge the entire quantity of chemicals that the permits allow.

E．the danger of chemical pollution of waterways is to be e-valuated in terms of human health only and not in terms of the health of both human beings and wildlife.

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第2题

The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of a pair of ide

ntical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twins brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain. Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

A．The brain of a person suffering from schizophrenia is smaller than the brain of anyone not suffering from schizophrenia.

B．The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment.

C．The brain of a person with an identical twin is no smaller, on average, than the brain of a person who is not a twin.

D．When a pair of identical twins both suffer from schizophrenia, their brains are the same size.

E．People who have an identical twin are no more likely to suffer from schizophrenia than those who do not.

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第3题

The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because, with it, job ap

plicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration.The argument above logically depends on which of the following assumptions?

A．A hiring program will be successful if it includes interviews.

B．The interview is a more important part of a successful hiring program than is the development of a job description.

C．Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are unsuited to the requirements of the job.

D．The only purpose of an interview is to evaluate whether job applicants" personalities are suited to the requirements of the job.

E．The fit of job applicants" personalities to the requirements of the job was once the most important factor in making hiring decisions.

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第4题

Armtech, a temporary-employment agency, previously gave its employees 5 paid vacation days

after each 700 hours worked. Armtechs new policy is to give its employees 0 paid vacation days after each 1, 200 hours worked. Therefore, this new policy is more generous to Armtech employees in giving them more vacation days per hour worked than the old policy did. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A．Most current Armlech employees approve of the company"s new vacation policy.

B．A few Armtech employees leave the company before having worked 700 hours.

C．Most Armlech employees were not aware that the company planned to change its vacation policy until after it had already done so.

D．A significant portion of Armlech employees stay with the company long enough to work for 1 ,200 hours.

E．Armtech"s new vacation policy closely matches the vacation policies of competing temporary employment agencies.

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第5题

Bracken, a poisonous weed, is spreading and damaging much pastureland in the Northern Hemi

sphere. One potentially inexpensive and self-sustaining countermeasure is to introduce natural enemies of the plant; therefore, some scientists have proposed to control bracken by a release of bracken-eating moths native to the Southern Hemisphere into bracken-infested areas in the Northern Hemisphere. If the scientists proposal for controlling bracken is adopted, which of the following is a necessary condition for its success?

A．That bracken in the Northern Hemisphere grows in approximately the same climates and soil conditions in which it grows in the Southern Hemisphere.

B．That the released moths will feed on weeds other than bracken that are native to the Northern Hemisphere.

C．That the livestock that will return to pastures now lost to bracken will develop immunities to the diseases caused by bracken.

D．That the released moths will survive in sufficient numbers to build a population large enough to reduce bracken and retard its growth.

E．That traditional methods of control, such as burning, cutting, and chemical spraying, will not become less expensive or labor-intensive than they are now.

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第6题

In Bassaria a group of that countrys most senior judges has criticized the uniform. mandat

ory sentences recently introduced for certain specific crimes. The judges argue that such sentences, by depriving them of all discretion in setting sentences, make it impossible for them to consider either aggravating or extenuating circumstances and so make it impossible to achieve true justice —the fitting of the severity of the punishment to the gravity of the particular crime. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest evidence for the claim that in Bassaria the newly introduced mandatory sentences are not necessarily a change for the worse with respect to achieving true justice as defined in the argument?

A．Before mandatory sentencing, judges in eastern Bassaria imposed strikingly different sentences from those in western Bassaria for equally grave instances of the same kind of offense.

B．In Bassaria the frequency of crimes that have been made subject to mandatory sentences is lower now than it was just prior to the introduction of mandatory sentencing.

C．The law introducing mandatory sentences was passed in the legislature of Bassaria by a large majority and is unlikely to be repealed in the foreseeable future.

D．There used to be a wide difference between the minimum and the maximum sentences allowed by law in cases of crimes now subject to mandatory sentences.

E．In Bassaria judges are appointed for life and are thus not easily influenced by political pressure groups.

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第7题

The first people to inhabit North America came from Asia. Scientists had hypothesized that

these people traveled across a now-submerged landmass that connected the two continents until 14,000 years ago, depending for food only on the land animals they hunted as they traveled. Recent discoveries have led to the new hypothesis that the first people came by boat a-long the southern shore of the landmass, eating fish and sea mammals. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the new hypothesis by casting doubt on the earlier hypothesis?

A．The landmass connecting North America and Asia extended very far to the north.

B．In Europe, maritime cultures primarily dependent on the sea for food developed no earlier than 10,000 years ago.

C．People living in Asia at the time the two continents were connected hunted land animals for food.

D．The landmass was so bitterly cold that its vegetation would have been too sparse to support land animals.

E．Sophisticated and mature North American and Asian cultures that display great similarities to each other existed as far back as 8,000 years ago.

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第8题

People often do not make decisions by using the basic economic principle of rationally wei

ghing all possibilities and then making the choice that can be expected to maximize benefits and minimize harm. Routinely, people process information in ways that are irrational in this sense. Any of the following, if true, would provide evidence in support of the assertions above EXCEPT:

A．People tend to act on new information, independent of its perceived relative merit, rather than on information they already have.

B．People prefer a major risk taken voluntarily to a minor one that has been forced on them, even if they know that the voluntarily taken risk is statistically more dangerous.

C．People tend to take up potentially damaging habits even though they have clear evidence that their own peers as well as experts disapprove of such behavior.

D．People avoid situations in which they could become involved in accidents involving large numbers of people more than they do situations where single-victim accidents are possible, even though they realize that an accident is more likely in the latter situations than in the former.

E．People usually give more weight to a physician"s opinion about the best treatment for a disease than they do to the opinion of a neighbor if they realize that the neighbor is not an expert in disease treatment.

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第9题

For many people in the United States who are concerned about the cost of heating homes and

businesses, wood has become an alternative energy source to coal, oil, and gas. Nevertheless, wood will never supply more than a modest fraction of our continuing energy needs. Which of the following, if true, does NOT support the claim made in the last sentence in the passage above?

A．There are many competing uses for a finite supply of wood, and suppliers give the lumber and paper industries a higher priority than they give individual consumers.

B．Wood produces thick smoke in burning, and its extensive use in densely populated cities would violate federal antipollution guidelines.

C．There are relatively narrow limits to how far wood can be trucked before it becomes more economical to burn the gasoline used for transportation instead of the wood.

D．Most apartment dwellers do not have adequate storage space for the amount of wood necessary to supply energy for heating.

E．Most commercial users of energy are located within range of a wood supply, and two-thirds of United States homes are located outside of metropolitan areas.

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第10题

If there is an oil-supply disruption resulting in higher international oil prices, domesti

c oil prices in open-market countries such as the United States will rise as well, whether such countries import all or none of their oil. If the statement above concerning oil-supply disruptions is true, which of the following policies in an open-market nation is most likely to reduce the long-term economic impact on that nation of sharp and unexpected increases in international oil prices?

A．Maintaining the quantity of oil imported at constant yearly levels.

B．Increasing the number of oil tankers in its fleet.

C．Suspending diplomatic relations with major oil-producing nations.

D．Decreasing oil consumption through conservation.

E．Decreasing domestic production of oil.

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