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One randomly selected group saw a speaker lecture on environmental ethics to a large, atte

ntive audience, and a different randomly selected group saw the same speaker give the same lecture, with identical mannerisms, but to a smaller, less attentive audience. The first group called the speaker thoughtful and assured. The second group called the speaker vague and long-winded. The information above can best serve as part of an argument against which of the following claims？

A．The same social behavior. can appear quite differently to different people when it is viewed in different social contexts.

B．If the second group had seen the speaker lecture to a more attentive audience, its judgment of the speaker" s personal qualities might well have been different.

C．People"s judgments of a speaker"s personal qualities are based primarily on what the speaker says and the mannerisms with which the speaker says it.

D．A listener"s convictions about a speaker"s claims can be influenced by other people"s reactions to those claims.

E．A randomly selected group can sometimes arrive at a consensus about the personal qualifications of a speaker in a particular social situation.

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更多“One randomly selected group sa…”相关的问题

第1题

In several nineteenth-century paintings the marble buildings of the Acropolis in Athens ar

e portrayed as being reddish, but the buildings do not now appear reddish. The marbles natural color cannot have changed since the nineteenth century, so the paintings must not be showing the color of the buildings as they actually appeared. Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument above?

A．The Acropolis can be clearly seen from virtually any location within the city of Athens.

B．Tiny plants called lichens living on marble can cause the marble to appear reddish.

C．Many nineteenth-century artists strove for true-to-life accuracy in every detail of their paintings.

D．Some types of marble are naturally reddish, whereas other types are greenish or white.

E．Not all nineteenth-century paintings of the Acropolis show the marble buildings as being reddish.

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第2题

Inspection system X and inspection system Y, though based on different principles, each de

tect all product flaws, but they each also erroneously reject three percent of flawless products. Since false rejections are very costly, money will be saved by installing both systems, instead of either one or the other, and rejecting only products found flawed by both. The argument above requires which of the following assumptions?

A．The three percent of flawless products that system X rejects are not all the same products, piece for piece, that system Y erroneously rejects.

B．It is less costly to accept a flawed product than to reject a flawless one.

C．In their price range, systems X and Y are the least error-prone inspection systems on the market.

D．Whichever system performs the second inspection needs to inspect only products not rejected by the first system.

E．Any way of detecting flaws, other than by using either system X or system Y, requires complete disassembly of the products.

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第3题

Riothamus, a fifth-century king of the Britons, was betrayed by an associate, fought brave

ly against the Goths but was defeated, and disappeared mysteriously. Riothamus activities, and only those of Riothamus, match almost exactly those attributed to King Arthur. Therefore, Riothamus must be the historical model for the legendary King Arthur. The argument above requires at least one additional premise. Which of the following could be such a required premise?

A．Modern historians have documented the activities of Riothamus better than those of any other fifth-century king.

B．The stories told about King Arthur are not strictly fictitious but are based on a historical person and historical events.

C．Riothamus" associates were the authors of the original legends about King Arthur.

D．Legends about the fifth century usually embellish and romanticize the actual conditions of the lives of fifth-century nobility.

E．Posterity usually remembers legends better than it remembers the actual historical events on which they are based.

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第4题

No botanist lives long enough to study the complete life cycle of an individual California

redwood tree. Nevertheless, by observing many trees at different stages, botanists can piece together the evolution of a single tree. Exactly the same principle applies in astronomy to the study of the life-story of globular clusters, huge spherical aggregations of about a million stars all swarming about each other. Which of the following is an assumption made in the passage above?

A．The methods of scientists in one field generally carry over to other fields even if the subject matter is vastly different.

B．Observations of the life cycle of a single individual have little value in scientific studies.

C．Globular clusters at different stages of development are accessible to astronomers for observation and study.

D．There are globular clusters that have not so far been detected by astronomers.

E．Redwoods and globular clusters must both be studied intensively now, while they still exist in sufficient numbers.

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第5题

Some doomsayers are warning that long-range warming or cooling trends in weather patterns

will drastically reduce grain production. More optimistic reports, however, point out that, even if such drifts in average temperature do occur, we should expect little change in grain production because there is little evidence that changes in rainfall patterns will occur. Moreover, for most crops, climate-induced yield trends will be masked by both the year-to-year fluctuation of yields and by the enhancement of yields because of technological factors. Which of the following is an assumption on which the more optimistic reports mentioned in the passage are based?

A．Long-range changes in weather patterns cannot be accurately predicted.

B．The growing of grain is so highly dependent on technological factors that improvements in yield are unlikely, regardless of climatic conditions.

C．Trends in rainfall patterns are more difficult to isolate than are trends in temperature.

D．Long-range warming or cooling trends are more damaging to grain production if they are accompanied by changes in rainfall patterns than if they are not.

E．Long-range cooling trends are potentially more destructive to grain production than are long-range warming trends.

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第6题

Even though most universities retain the royalties from faculty members inventions, the fa

culty members retain the royalties from books and articles they write. Therefore, faculty members should retain the royalties from the educational computer software they develop. The conclusion above would be more reasonably drawn if which of the following were inserted into the argument as an additional premise?

A．Royalties from inventions are higher than royalties from educational software programs.

B．Faculty members are more likely to produce educational software programs than inventions.

C．Inventions bring more prestige to universities than do books and articles.

D．In the experience of most universities, educational software programs are more marketable than are books and articles.

E．In terms of the criteria used to award royalties, educational software programs are more nearly comparable to books and articles than to inventions.

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第7题

Pandas are rapidly disappearing from the wild. Therefore, in order to preserve the species

, existing pandas should be caplured and placed in zoos around the world. Which of the following statements, if true, casts most doubt on the conclusion drawn above?

A．When in captivity, pandas typically produce more young than they do in their native habitat.

B．Newborn pandas in zoos are not likely to die from infectious diseases, whereas newborn pandas in the wild are likely to die from these diseases.

C．Sufficient quantities of bamboo, the panda"s only food, cannot be made available outside the panda"s native habitat.

D．Many zoos are eager to increase their stock of rare and exotic animals, but there are not enough pandas for all the zoos that want one.

E．Pandas in zoos have as many offspring that survive to adulthood as do pandas in the wild.

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第8题

The skulls and pelvic bones of some species of dinosaur share characteristics with the sku

lls and pelvic bones of all modern birds. Even though not all dinosaurs have these characteristics , there are scientists who claim that all animals that do have these characteristics are dinosaurs.If the statements above and the claim of the scientists are true, which of the following must also be true?

A．Birds share more characteristics with dinosaurs than they do with other animals.

B．Some ancient dinosaurs were indistinguishable from modern birds.

C．All animals whose skulls share the characteristics of those of modern birds also have pelvic bones that are similar to those of modern birds.

D．Modern birds are dinosaurs.

E．All dinosaurs are birds.

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第9题

Company Alpha buys free-travel coupons from people who are awarded the coupons by Bravo Ai

rlines for flying frequently on Bravo airplanes. The coupons are sold to people who pay less for the coupons than they would pay by purchasing tickets from Bravo. This marketing of coupons results in lost revenue for Bravo. To discourage the buying and selling of free-travel coupons, it would be best for Bravo Airlines to restrict the

A．number of coupons that a person can be awarded in a particular year.

B．use of the coupons to those who were awarded the coupons and members of their immediate families.

C．days that the coupons can be used to Monday through Friday.

D．amount of time that the coupons can be used after they are issued.

E．number of routes on which travelers can use the coupons.

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第10题

Fire ants from Brazil now infest the southern United States. Unlike queen fire ants in Bra

zil, two queens in the United States share a nest. Ants from these nests are more aggressive than those from single-queen nests. By destroying virtually all insects in the nest area, these aggressive ants gain sole access to food sources, and the ant population skyrockets. Since certain predator insects in Brazil limit the fire-ant population there, importing such predator insects into the United States would be of overall benefit to the environment by stopping the increase of the fire-ant population in the United States. Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument EXCEPT:

A．The imported insects would not prove more damaging to the environment in the United States than are the fire ants themselves.

B．The predator insects from Brazil could survive in the ecological environment found in the United States.

C．The especially aggressive fire ants from the two-queen nests would not be able to destroy the Brazilian predator insects.

D．The predator insects would stop the increase of the ant population before the ants spread to states that are farther north.

E．The rate of increase of the fire-ant population would not exceed the rate at which the predator insects could kill the ants.

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