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It is very difficult to prove today that a painting done two or three hundred years ago, e

specially one without a signature or with a questionably authentic signature, is indubitably the work of this or that particular artist. This fact gives the traditional attribution of a disputed painting special weight, since that attribution carries the presumption of historical continuity. Consequently, an art historian arguing for a deattribution will generally convince other art historians only if he or she can persuasively argue for a specific reattribution. Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the position that the traditional attribution of a disputed painting should not have special weight?

A.Art dealers have always been led by economic self-interest to attribute any unsigned paintings of merit to recognized masters rather than to obscure artists.

B.When a painting is originally created, there are invariably at least some eyewitnesses who see the artist at work, and thus questions of correct attribution cannot arise at that time.

C.There are not always clearly discernible differences between the occasional inferior work produced by a master and the very best work produced by a lesser talent.

D.Attribution can shape perception inasmuch as certain features that would count as marks of greatness in a master"s work would be counted as signs of inferior artistry if a work were attributed to a minor artist.

E.Even though some masters had specialists assist them with certain detail work, such as depicting lace, the resulting works are properly attributed to the masters alone.

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第1题

In opposing the 1970 Clean Air Act, the United States automobile industry argued that meet

ing the acts standards for automobile emissions was neither economically feasible nor environmentally necessary. However, the catalytic converter, invented in 1967, enable automakers to meet the 1970 standards efficiently. Currently, automakers are lobbying against the governments attempt to pass legislation that would tighten restrictions on automobile emissions. The automakers contend that these new restrictions would be overly expensive and unnecessary to efforts to curb air pollution. Clearly, the automobile industrys position should not be heeded. Which one of the following, if true, lends the most support to the automakers current position?

A.The more stringent the legislation restricting emissions becomes, the more difficult it becomes for automakers to provide the required technology economically.

B.Emissions-restriction technology can often be engineered so as to avoid reducing the efficiency with which an automobile uses fuel.

C.Not every new piece of legislation restricting emissions requires new automotive technology in order for automakers to comply with it.

D.The more automobiles there are on the road, the more stringent emission restrictions must be to prevent increased overall air pollution.

E.Unless forced to do so by the government, automakers rarely make changes in automotive technology that is not related to profitability.

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第2题

One variety of partially biodegradable plastic beverage container is manufactured from sma

ll bits of plastic bound together by a degradable bonding agent such as cornstarch. Since only the bonding agent degrades, leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?

A.Both partially biodegradable and nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers can be crushed completely flat by refuse compactors.

B.The partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers are made with more plastic than comparable nonbiodegradable ones in order to compensate for the weakening effect of the bounding agents.

C.Many consumers are ecology-minded and prefer to buy a product sold in the partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers rather than in nonbiodegradable containers, even if the price is higher.

D.The manufacturing process for the partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers results in less plastic waste than the manufacturing process for nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers.

E.Technologica" problems with recycling currently prevent the reuse as food or beverage containers of the plastic from either type of plastic beverage container.

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第3题

Caterpillars off all species produce an identical hormone called "juvenile hormone" that m

aintains feeding behavior. Only when a caterpillar has grown to the right size for pupation to take place does a special enzyme halt the production of juvenile hormone. This enzyme can be synthesized and will, on being ingested by immature caterpillars, kill them by stopping them from feeding. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the view that it would not be advisable to try to eradicate agricultural pests that go through a caterpillar stage by spraying croplands with the enzyme mentioned above?

A.Most species of caterpillar are subject to some natural predation.

B.Many agricultural pests do not go through a caterpillar stage.

C.Many agriculturally beneficial insects go through a caterpillar stage.

D.Since caterpillars of different species emerge at different times, several sprayings would be necessary.

E.Although the enzyme has been synthesized in the laboratory, no large-scale production facilities exist as yet.

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第4题

The attitude of the author of the passage toward the work of C. Vann Woodward is best desc

ribed as one of

A.respectful regard.

B.qualified approbation.

C.implied skepticism.

D.pointed criticism.

E.fervent advocacy.

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第5题

It can be inferred from the passage that the authors initially held which of the following

hypotheses about what would happen when they fed large amounts of protein to rats?

A.The rats " brain serotonin levels would not decrease.

B.The rats" brain tryptophan levels would decrease.

C.The rats" tyrosine levels would increase less quickly than would their leucine levels.

D.The rats would produce more insulin.

E.The rats would produce neurotransmitters other than serotonin.

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第6题

According to the passage, an injection of insulin was most similar in its effect on rats t

o an injection of

A.tyrosine.

B.leucine.

C.blood.

D.tryptophan.

E.protein.

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第7题

The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions? I . W

hat techniques have industrialists used to manipulate a free market? II . In what ways are "New World" and " Old World " economic policies similar? III. Has economic policy in the United States tended to reward independent action?

A.I only

B.II only

C.III only

D.I and II only

E.II and III only

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第8题

The passage suggests which of the following about the workers who took temporary jobs duri

ng the 1980s?

A.Their jobs frequently led to permanent positions within firms.

B.They constituted a less demographically diverse group than has been suggested.

C.They were occasionally involved in actions organized by labor unions.

D.Their pay declined during the decade in comparison with the pay of permanent employees.

E.They did not necessarily prefer temporary employment to permanent employment .

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第9题

Scientists have rediscovered certain food crops, once commonly cultivated in the New World

, which contain more protein per pound than do current staple food crops such as rice and wheat. Scientists claim that cultivation of these crops could greatly benefit densely populated countries that have low per-person caloric intake and inadequate source of protein. Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the claim made above?

A.The average yield per acre of the rediscovered crops is substantially less than that of the current staple food crops.

B.Many important food crops, such as tomato, originated in the New World.

C.Wheat yields more protein per pound than does rice.

D.The rediscovered crops have more caloric per pound than do current, staple food crops.

E.As few as 20 different food crops provide the bulk of the planet"s food supply.

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第10题

Government department head: We already have a code of ethics that companies doing business

with the department are urged to abide by. The fact that virtually all of the companies have agreed to abide by it indicates that it is successful. Therefore, neither stronger ethics regulations nor enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior. by companies doing business with the department. Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the department head s conclusion?

A.The code of ethics applies only to companies that do business with the department.

B.The code of ethics was instituted only after it was discovered that several companies had committed serious violations of ethics in their business with the department.

C.A government investigation found that most of the companies that agreed to abide by the department" s code of ethics are not complying with it.

D.A survey of major companies found that several companies stopped doing business with the department because they did not want to agree to abide by the code of ethics.

E.A study of codes of ethics for companies found that the codes are most effective when the top executives of companies that agree to abide by them are fully committed to following them.

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